Acute oral toxicity test of Chamaecyparis obtuse essential oil on New Zealand white rabbits

Medicinal plants are used throughout the world and the World Health Organization supports its use by recommending quality, safety and efficacy. Minthostachys mollis is distributed in the Andes of South America and is used by the population for various diseases. While studies have shown their pharmacological properties, the information about their safety is very limited. Then, the goal of this research was to determine the acute oral toxicity and in repeated doses during 28 days of Minthostachys mollis essential oil (Mm-EO) in rats. For the acute toxicity test two groups of rats, of three animals each, were used. Each group received Mm-EO in a single dose of 2000 or 300 mg/kg of body weight. For the repeated dose toxicity test, four groups of 10 rats each were used. Doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day were used, one group was control. With the single dose of Mm-EO of 2000 mg/kg of body weight, the three rats in the group showed immediate signs of toxicity and died between 36 and 72 hours. In the lung, inflammatory infiltrate was observed, predominantly lymphocytic with severe hemorrhage and presence of macrophages with hemosiderin. In the repeated dose study, male rats (5/5) and female rats (2/5) died at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day. The body weight of both male and female rats decreased significantly with doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. The serum levels of AST and ALT increased significantly and the histopathological study revealed chronic and acute inflammatory infiltrate in the lung; while in the liver was observed in 80% of the cases (24/30) mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate and in some of those cases there was vascular congestion and in one case cytoplasmic vacuolization. The Mm-EO presented moderate acute oral toxicity, while with repeated doses for 28 days; there was evidence of toxicity, in a dose-dependent manner, mainly at the hepatic level.

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Test No. 213: Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test

10.1787/9789264070165-en ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity

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Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous whole leaf and green rind extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar rats

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03470-4 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Florence Nalimu ◽

Joseph Oloro ◽

Emanuel L. Peter ◽

Patrick Engeu Ogwang

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Test ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Several local communities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Northern regions of Uganda have been using the whole leaf extracts of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Asphodelaceae) in the treatment of various ailments. Also, several commercial companies sell A. vera as soft drinks in Uganda. However, there are inadequate reports on the toxicities of such preparations. This paper reports the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of whole leaf and green rind of A. vera in Wistar rats. Methods Acute oral toxicity test was carried out in female Wistar rats at doses of 175, 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. Similarly, a sub-acute oral toxicity test was performed in both sexes of rats at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 28 days. All the groups of animals were monitored for behavioral, morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, including mortality and compared with respective controls. Body weights were measured weekly while the animals’ relative organ weights, hematological, biochemical, gross, and microscopic pathology were examined on day 29. Results There was no mortality or apparent behavioral changes at the doses tested in acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests. Thus, the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of green rind and whole leaf aqueous extracts was above 5000 mg/kg. Gross anatomy revealed that the rats’ relative spleen weight in green rind extract at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased compared to the control group. The creatinine levels in female rats that received green rind extract and the chloride ion levels in male rats administered whole leaf extract were significantly elevated. Conversely, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) levels significantly decreased at lower doses of the green rind extract compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the renal interstitium’s inflammation at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg of the whole leaf extract. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that A. vera green rind and whole leaf extracts are non-toxic at relatively high doses when used for a short duration. Prolonged use of the aqueous whole leaf extract might be associated with kidney toxicity.

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Subacute Oral Toxicity of Endosulfan in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods ◽

10.1080/15376510801897705 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 705-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. S. Hatipoglu ◽

M. S. Gulay ◽

A. Balic ◽

O. Yildiz-Gulay ◽

S. Volkan

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits

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ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i2.36316 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽

AJI SUTRISNO ◽

TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽

HARIJONO ◽

MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Test Results ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

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Test No. 247: Bumblebee, Acute Oral Toxicity Test

10.1787/9789264284128-en ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity

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Isolation of a Highly Efficient Antigenic-Protein-Degrading Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Assessment of Its Safety

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1144

Author(s):

Yang Li ◽

Baozhu Guo ◽

Chong Li ◽

Weiwei Wang ◽

Zhengke Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Highly Efficient

The aims of this study were to screen and isolate a highly efficient strain from the rumen of a cow that can degrade the antigenic soy proteins in soybean meal (SBM) and improve the nutritional value of SBM by fermenting it with this strain. The safety of this strain was investigated with an acute oral toxicity test. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain was successfully screened with plate tests and fermentation. After solid state fermentation of SBM with B. amyloliquefaciens for 24 h, the amounts of glycinin and β-conglycinin, two major antigenic proteins in SBM, decreased by 92.32% and 85.05%, respectively. The crude protein content in the fermented soybean meal (FSBM) increased by 17.54% compared with that in SBM. Notably, the trichloroacetic-acid-soluble protein (TCA-SP) content, particularly small peptides and free amino acids, was 9.97-fold higher in FSBM than in SBM. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and digestible energy of SBM increased from 62.91% to 72.52% and from 10.42 MJ/kg to 13.37 MJ/kg (dry matter basis), respectively, after fermentation. The acute oral toxicity test suggested that the strain exerted no harmful effects on the relative organ weights, the morphological tissue structure, or the health of mice. These results indicate that the B. amyloliquefaciens strain isolated in this study is a safe strain for animals, and could be used to improve the nutritional quality of SBM by solid-state fermentation.

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