scholarly journals Population structure, distribution pattern and microhabitat characteristics of Aglaonema simplex in Pasatan Protected Forest, Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1663-1668
Author(s):  
DEWI LESTARI ◽  
NI PUTU SRI ASIH
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Population Pattern ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Morisita's Index

Lestari D, Asih NPS. 2017. Population structure, distribution pattern and microhabitat characteristics of Aglaonema simplex in Pasatan Protected Forest, Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1663-1668. Aglaonema simplex Blume is one species of Aglaonema that is distributed in Bali, Indonesia. This species can be found in the forests of Jembrana, Karangasem, Tabanan, Buleleng and Bangli. There is no recent data for A. simplex’s population and microhabitat in Bali, while this data is needed to develop future conservation policy. By tracking populations over time, ecologists can see how these populations have changed and may be able to predict how they are likely to change in the future. Monitoring the size and structure of populations can also help ecologists to manage populations. This study was aimed to determine the current condition of A. simplex in the Pasatan forest and to find out the population structure, distribution, and its microhabitat characteristics. The study was conducted along two tracks at Pasatan Forest, Bali on June 9- 11, 2015. Data were collected using the purposive quadrant plot method and analyzed descriptively, tabulated in tables and graphs. The population pattern distribution was as defined by standardized Morisita's index and microhabitat differences in both tracks were determined by the Mann-Whitney test in SPSS 16. The total number of A. simplex was 114 individuals. Thirty-seven percent of plants were juveniles, while 36% were mature plants without fruit and 27% were mature plants with fruit. The population structure along the first track was dominated by a mature population of plants without fruit, while fruiting mature plants dominated the structure of the population along the second track. The distribution of the population along the first track was clustered, while distribution along the second track was uniform. A. simplex was found at an altitude of 367- 448 m asl., oil pH of 6.7-6.8, soil humidity of 73%-84%, air temperature 27°-28° C, air humidity at 80%-86%, with low light intensity of 170-225 lux.

scholarly journals Population Age Structure, Complex Socio-Demographic Systems and Resilience Potential: A Spatio-Temporal, Evenness-Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Cecchini ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
Rosario Turco ◽  
Luca Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Over Time

The present study illustrates an original approach grounded on entropy theory and complex system thinking with the aim to investigate changes over time and space in population structure by age in Italy, in light of socioeconomic resilience and post-crisis recovery potential. Assuming that population structure may reflect different levels of resilience to exogenous shocks, a Pielou J evenness index was calculated on census data made available every 10 years (1861–2011) with the aim to identify compositional homogeneity (or heterogeneity) in the age structure of the Italian population. Trends over time in the Pielou J evenness index were identified using descriptive statistics, comparison with ancillary demographic indicators and multivariate exploratory techniques including principal component analysis. The empirical results allowed the identification of multiple dimensions of demographic transition in Italy, distinguishing two phases, the former encompassing a relatively long time period between 1861 and 1936, and the latter covering a shorter period between 1936 and 2011. A spatially-explicit analysis of Pielou J evenness indices applied to the population age structure of each Italian municipality at the latest survey (2017) finally provided a comprehensive overview of the demographic characteristics likely influencing the resilience potential of local districts. The empirical evidence outlined the consolidation of a coastal–inland divide as a result of the complex linkage between demographic dynamics and local background contexts.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in bright summer nights

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Christian Michaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Over Time

Most bat species show plasticity in their choice of habitat and landscape. This study focuses on the distribution and activity of bats along the hillsides and onto the shores of a low salinity marine Norwegian fiord at 62°N. Ultrasound was recorded using D500 detectors in June and July at 42 different sites from the shoreline and up the hillsides to around 200 m. Detectors were placed in well-preserved woodlands. OnlyPipistrellussp., northern batsEptesicus nilssoniiand bats of theMyotisgenus were common. There was a clear non-linear spatial distribution pattern along these slopes, with a pronounced increase in the number of recorded bats at short distances from the shore. On all six nights, the detector closest to the shore had the highest number of recorded bats. A pattern was also seen in bat distribution over time.Pipistrellussp., northern bats andMyotisspecies all had a peak near the shore during the darkest part of the night, which is around 01.35 h in mid-summer at this latitude. At greater distances,Pipistrellussp. and northern bats had a peak around 40 minutes to one hour before the darkest part of the night, respectively. Here,Myotisspp. peaked about an hour after 01.35.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial genetic population structure of Cryphonectria parasitica and its associated hypovirus across an invasive range of chestnut blight in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Ježić ◽  
Janine Melanie Schwarz ◽  
Simone Prospero ◽  
Kiril Sotirovski ◽  
Mihajlo Risteski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Cryphonectria Hypovirus ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Over Time

Chestnut blight has spread throughout Europe since the introduction of its causal agent Cryphonectria parasitica over 70 years ago. In our study, we have analysed diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) and microsatellite genotypes of C. parasitica, as well as sequence diversity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) in six populations from Switzerland, Croatia and North Macedonia. Resampling of local populations that were already investigated more than a decade ago allowed us to analyse the spatial and temporal population structure across an invasive range of the pathogen in Europe. Regardless which genetic marker was used, the over 60 year-old Swiss and Croatian populations had a high population diversity, while more recent North Macedonian populations were mostly clonal. These diversity differences between the investigated populations remained stable over time. A high diversity of CHV1 was observed in all three countries, with North Macedonian strains forming a separate cluster from strains obtained in other countries. No correlation between vc diversity and CHV1 prevalence was observed, suggesting a well-established and maintained natural hypovirulence in all countries, further corroborated by an observed increase in genetic diversity of Croatian C. parasitica populations over time, without collapse of CHV1 prevalence.

scholarly journals Pattern of Distribution of Spatial Phenomena to Communities Prevailing in Mount Gara Using Function L(r)

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Osama Mohammed Saleh Abdullah ◽  
Ammar Jassim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Random Form ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Cluster Pattern

Abstract The spatial pattern of species is an important feature to understand why these species coexist and remain in position or not, and using the single Ripley function and the L(r) function, we analyzed the spatial pattern of types of broad-leaf tree and tree covers and the needles for mixed brawls in the forests of Mount Gara, using PASSAGE V.2, L(r) analysis of the species under study showed a variation in the pattern distribution of trees and gave the highest percentage of random form distribution pattern with a cluster pattern of 11.25%, Through the ratios and forms of distribution of the L(r) function of the various samples of the study, we find that these stands generally tend to be regular, indicating that these species remain at the end of the life cycle in the structure of a more stable stand.

scholarly journals POPULATION STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud. IN TWO FRAGMENTS AT DIFFERENT REGENERATION STAGES IN THE CAATINGA, IN SERGIPE, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cecília da Cruz Silva ◽  
Diogo Gallo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Vegetation Regeneration ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the vertical and diameter structure and the spatial distribution pattern of Bauhinia cheilantha in two Caatinga fragments in Sergipe, Brazil, at different regeneration stages. Thirty plots were demarcated in area I (Canindé de São Francisco and Poço Redondo), which has vegetation regeneration, and 25 plots in area II (Porto da Folha) with preserved vegetation, both having 400 m2. All B. cheilanthaindividuals had their height and circumference (circumference at breast height > 6 cm) measured. Possible differences in height and diameter at breast height were tested in the two populations by using Student’s T-test. The distribution pattern of species was calculated through Payandeh’s index. We sampled 154 B. cheilantha individuals, equivalent to 33.3% of the plots in area I and in 1,027 individuals in area II, totaling 100% frequency. Height and the diameter of the two populations were statistically different, where AI achieved all values lower than AII. The spatial distribution pattern of B. cheilantha found in both areas was aggregate, with values of 11.85 and 9.00, respectively. Thus, it became clear that the population in AII is at a more advanced successional status than AI, due to its longer conservation time.

The Preceramic Period Site of Paloma, Peru: Bioindications of Improving Adaptation to Sedentism

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Benfer
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Coastal Peru

The nature of the adjustments made by the steadily increasing population of central coastal Peru in the Middle through Late Preceramic time periods can be examined by careful study of bioindicators. Nonspecific indicators of stress (NSIS) preserved in human remains provide independent evidence for validating paleodemographic hypotheses. If life expectancy improves over a period of time, one expects diminished indication of nonspecific stress. Decreasing stress over time also may imply increasing fertility in precontraceptive peoples, which, along with declining mortality, would lead to population growth. However, the converse does not follow; populations may grow over time whether responding to increasing, stable, or decreasing stress. Other factors, such as changing subsistence strategies or hybrid vigor, also may be useful in explaining diminished indications of either nonspecific stress or population increase. The complex relations among (a) population structure and density (PSD), (b) nonspecific indicators of stress, and (c) diet have not yielded deductions that could form a universal set of expectations. However, several kinds of adaptation that are distinct with respect to population growth and health status are considered and illustrated with analyses of 201 skeletons from the preagricultural village of Paloma in central coastal Peru.

scholarly journals Population structure of the crab Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Brachyura: Portunidae) bycatch in shrimp fishery in northern Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cabral Tudesco ◽  
Laís Pinho Fernandes ◽  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Shrimp Fishery ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Swimming Crabs ◽  
Size At First Maturity

This study provides the first data on the population structure of swimming crab Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 bycatch from coastal shrimp fishing in northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (21º 30'-21º 50' S and 41º 05'-41º 07' W). Crabs were collected monthly from April 2006 to March 2007. A total of 5,611 specimens were analyzed, of which 3,951 were males and 1,660 ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. The overall sex ratio (2:1) differ significantly from the expected 1:1 proportion, being the mature males significantly predominant as bycatch in this fishery. The specimens' carapace width and weight varied from 27 to 126 mm (mean: 77.3 ± 12.3 mm) and 1.2 to 128.2 g (mean: 31.0 ± 14.4 g) for males, and 30 to 101 mm (mean: 63.4 ± 9.3 mm) and 1.7 to 66.0 g (mean: 16.4 ± 7.4 g) for ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. Seasonal comparisons did not reveal differences between the number of specimens captured in dry and rainy periods considering both sexes and maturity stages. The size at first maturity was 79 mm for males and 65 mm for females, and the carapace width-weight relationship indicated an alometric pattern for both sexes. The bycatch swimming crabs are locally used as bait, but the capture tendency for a specific sex/age-group can affect this population structure over time.

scholarly journals Atypical manifestations of atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ram Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Atypical Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Over Time

Atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory skin condition, typified by classic distribution pattern in most cases. Typically, in infancy it involves the cheeks, and over time, as it settles over the cheek area, extensors tend to get involved, and by 2 years of age flexural distribution predominates. Acral pattern is largely seen in adult population but may unusually be seen in children. This review article focuses on the atypical manifestations of atopic dermatitis.

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