scholarly journals Short communication: Morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in several rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
GUT WINDARSIH ◽  
MUHAMMAD EFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Male Tree ◽  
Similarity Distance ◽  
Fruit Rind

Abstract. Windarsih G, Efendi M. 2019. Morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in several rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) cultivars in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1442-1449. Indonesia is one of the centers of diversity of rambutan in the world with 22 species. Compared to other species, Nephelium lappaceum L. is mostly cultivated species. This study aimed to identify the generative morphological variation in several rambutan cultivars in the area of Serang City, Banten Province. The plant materials used were five cultivars of rambutan, Parakan, Rapiah, Aceh, Sinyonya, wild type, and male trees. In each plant, three bunches of inflorescence were taken, and then the flowers from each bunch were observed when the flowering phase was open (blooming). In addition, 3-5 fruit bunches were taken per plant, and then 3-5 fruits per bunch were observed. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is monoecious plants of rambutan (Aceh, Rapiah, wild type), and dioecious plant (male tree). In a monoecious plant, it produces the hermaphrodite flowers, whereas, in a dioecious plant, it just produces the male flowers. In the hermaphrodite flower, it is composed of pedicel, tepal, stamen, and pistil, while the male flower does not have pistil. The Aceh cultivar has the longest average fruit bunch (22.90 cm), Rapiah has highest number of fruit per bunch (15.86 fruits), Parakan has highest spine density (11.64 strands per 1x1 cm2) and longest spine (13.2 mm), Rapiah has a shortest average spine (3.4 mm) with a stiff texture, Rapiah and Aceh have a thickest of fruit rind (3.3 mm). Aceh has the largest size and weight of fruit with the fruit length 4.62 cm, fruit diameter 3.83 cm, fruit weight 37.42 g, weight of fruit rind 17.51 g, weight of aryl 17.94 g, and thickness of aryl 7.7 mm. From a dendrogram analysis, the five cultivars had a similarity distance coefficient from 40% to 69%. Parakan and Sinyonya had highest similarity distance (69%), while Aceh was separated from other cultivars with a similarity distance 40%.

scholarly journals Twenty-one days of low-intensity eccentric training improve morphological characteristics and function of soleus muscles of mdx mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Pedrazzani ◽  
Tatiana O. P. Araújo ◽  
Emilly Sigoli ◽  
Isabella R. da Silva ◽  
Daiane Leite da Roza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Group 3

AbstractDuchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin, which leads to muscle weakness, progressive degeneration, and eventually death due to respiratory failure. Low-intensity eccentric training (LIET) has been used as a rehabilitation method in skeletal muscles after disuse. Recently, LIET has also been used for rehabilitating dystrophic muscles, but its effects are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 21 days of LIET in dystrophic soleus muscle. Thirty-six male mdx mice were randomized into six groups (n = 6/each): mdx sedentary group; mdx training group-3 days; mdx training group-21 days; wild-type sedentary group; wild-type training group-3 days and wild-type training group-21 days. After the training sessions, animals were euthanized, and fragments of soleus muscles were removed for immunofluorescence and histological analyses, and measurements of active force and Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. Muscles of the mdx training group-21 days showed an improvement in morphological characteristics and an increase of active force when compared to the sedentary mdx group. The results show that LIET can improve the functionality of dystrophic soleus muscle in mice.

scholarly journals Assessment of weather effect on flower morphogenesis and fruit set in mango varieties in central India

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. RANGARE ◽  
MANISH BHAN ◽  
S. K. PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Central India ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Flower Morphogenesis ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Flower Sex Ratio

A two-year field experiment was initiated in 2017-18 and 2018-19 years simultaneously to assess temperature on flower morphogenesis stages, flower sex ratio (hermaphrodite/staminate male flower) and fruit set in monoembryonic Langra and Amrapali varieties. Different dates of flower phenological stages viz., bud, panicle, bloom and flower initiation, pea, marble, egg, and maturity of fruits were recorded. The Langra variety exhibited bud initiation after mid December whereas Amrapali variety by the end of December. The range of mean maximum / minimum temperature as 26-31/10-12 °C promoted hermaphrodite flowers per panicle by 74 per cent in Langra variety, whereas range of 27-29/11-13 °C favored by 35 per cent in Amrapali variety. A positive and significant correlation between total number of flower / panicle and flower sex ratio in both the varieties suggested that higher temperature during initial flower phenologies improved number of hermaphrodite flowers. A mean minimum temperature for producing more number of hermaphrodite flower  exhibited a range of 11-14 °C under central Indian conditions.  Fruit set was maximum during pea stage and decline afterwards in marble and fruit maturity stages due to sudden rise in temperature at marble stage that caused in drop down of humidity thereby resulted in fruit drop in both the varieties.

REGULATION OF SEX EXPRESSION IN DESERT AND MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS OF AN ANDROMONOECIOUS PLANT (GAGEA CHLORANTHA, LILIACEAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne M. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Female Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Flowers

This study examined issues related to the ecology of andromonoecy in Gagea chlorantha (Liliaceae), a perennial geophyte that grows in desert and Mediterranean-type habitats in Israel. Andromonoecy is a plant sexual system where individuals produce both male and hermaphrodite flowers and is thought to have evolved to optimize resource allocation to male and female function. Individuals of this species produced 1–6 flowers, and flower production was significantly correlated with the size of the storage organ (bulb). Three sexual phenotypes were found to exist: those that made only male flowers, plants that made only hermaphrodite flowers, and those that produced both flower types. Two lines of evidence suggest that hermaphroditic reproduction is more costly than male reproduction: (1) hermaphroditic flowers were heavier than male flowers in terms of dry biomass; (2) bulb size was greater on single-flower plants that were hermaphrodite compared to male. In addition, bulb size was greater on multiple-flowered plants that made a hermaphrodite flower as the last flower, compared to those that made a male flower. The floral sex ratio varied extensively along a latitudinal rainfall gradient within Israel. The five Mediterranean populations were male-biased. In contrast, the production of males in the three Negev desert populations was extremely rare, and approximately 94% of the flowers were hermaphrodite. The difference in sex ratio between the two habitat types is explained in terms of environmental unpredictability.

scholarly journals Induction and Characterization of Tetraploids from Seeds of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Meiya Li ◽  
Bin Ding ◽  
Weipeng Huang ◽  
Jieli Pan ◽  
Zhishan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
In The Wild

Bletilla striata (Thunb.), an ornamental and medicinal plant, is on the list of endangered plants in China. Its pseudobulb is abundant in polysaccharide and has been used for centuries as a herbal remedy. However, a recent rise in demand has placed it at risk of extinction, and therefore, research on its propagation and genetic improvement is essential. Since polyploids tend to possess advantageous qualities, we incubated B. striata seeds with colchicine with the aim of creating tetraploid plantlets. Aseptic seeds treated with 0.1% colchicine for 7 days showed the highest tetraploid induction rate of 40.67 ± 0.89%. Compared with the wild-type, the tetraploids could be identified by their morphological characteristics including larger stomata at a lower density, larger leaf blades, and a thicker petiole. Contents of polysaccharide and phenolic compounds were also determined in the tetraploid pseudobulbs, revealing significantly higher values than in the wild-type. In vitro colchicine treatment can therefore be used to successfully produce B. striata tetraploids with superior pseudobulbs.

scholarly journals Impact of Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana Plants on Herbicide Isoproturon Phytoremediation through Expressing Human Cytochrome P450-1A2

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Ehab Azab ◽  
Ahmad K. Hegazy ◽  
Adil A. Gobouri ◽  
Amr Elkelish
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Human Cytochrome ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Primary Root Length

The excessive use of herbicides is a major cause of many environmental problems. The use of isoproturon herbicide as a weed controller has been a common practice globally. Phytoremediation technology can help in cleaning up polluted areas. In this paper the ability of CYP1A2 transgenic A. thaliana plants in the phytoremediation of isoproturon herbicides has been investigated. We tested the capability of P450-1A2 overexpression on the detoxification and degradation of isoproturon. We explored the toxic effect of isoproturon on the plant phenotypic characteristics, including the primary root length, rosette diameter, and fresh, dry weight for transgenic and wild type A. thaliana. The results revealed that no morphological changes appeared on CYP1A2 transgenic plants with a high tolerance to isoproturon herbicide applications either via foliar spraying or supplementation of the growth medium. Deleterious effects were observed on the morphological characteristics of plants of the wild type grown in soil under different treatments with isoproturon. The transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibited a vigorous growth even at high doses of isoproturon treatments. In contrast, the growth of the wild type was significantly impaired with doses above 50 µM isoproturon. The transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing P450-1A2 were able to metabolize the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon. Therefore, this method can be determined as a potential bioremediation agent.

A Web Site as an Aid in Teaching the Identification Of Landscape Plants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 477a-477
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Breen
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Web

Web sites were developed as an aid in teaching landscape plant materials at Oregon State Univ. A three-quarter course sequence emphasizes identification of woody landscape plants by their scientific names and, when appropriate, variety or cultivar names. Different groups of plants are introduced in each quarter: deciduous (fall), conifers and broadleaf evergreens (winter), and flowering plants (spring). Approximately 160 plant specimens are introduced each term, first by photographic slides and then by tours through the campus and surrounding areas. Each course is supported by a separate Web site that contains an informational summary and several images of each plant introduced. There are about 600 plant images per site. Plants on the Web sites are listed alphabetically by scientific name with links to specific images of that specimen (e.g., plant habit, leaves, flowers, etc.). Particular morphological characteristics used in plant identification are sometimes labeled in the images and some links provide side-by-side comparisons to aid in distinguishing similar plants. Students are not encouraged to use the Web sites as the major device to improve their plant identification skills, but rather to rely on frequent examination of live specimens in landscape situations. The Web sites are viewed as supplementary supports, especially to assist students in comparing similar plants, to provide a convenient source of plant images specific to each course, to permit visual study during inclement weather and at night, and in reviewing course material.

scholarly journals Insights into the genomic landscape of MYD88 wild-type Waldenström macroglobulinemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 2937-2946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary R. Hunter ◽  
Lian Xu ◽  
Nickolas Tsakmaklis ◽  
Maria G. Demos ◽  
Amanda Kofides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia ◽  
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Many

Abstract Activating MYD88 mutations are present in 95% of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) patients, and trigger NF-κB through BTK and IRAK. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is active in MYD88-mutated (MYD88MUT) WM patients, but shows lower activity in MYD88 wild-type (MYD88WT) disease. MYD88WT patients also show shorter overall survival, and increased risk of disease transformation in some series. The genomic basis for these findings remains to be clarified. We performed whole exome and transcriptome sequencing of sorted tumor samples from 18 MYD88WT patients and compared findings with WM patients with MYD88MUT disease. We identified somatic mutations predicted to activate NF-κB (TBL1XR1, PTPN13, MALT1, BCL10, NFKB2, NFKBIB, NFKBIZ, and UDRL1F), impart epigenomic dysregulation (KMT2D, KMT2C, and KDM6A), or impair DNA damage repair (TP53, ATM, and TRRAP). Predicted NF-κB activating mutations were downstream of BTK and IRAK, and many overlapped with somatic mutations found in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A distinctive transcriptional profile in MYD88WT WM was identified, although most differentially expressed genes overlapped with MYD88MUT WM consistent with the many clinical and morphological characteristics that are shared by these WM subgroups. Overall survival was adversely affected by mutations in DNA damage response in MYD88WT WM patients. The findings depict genomic and transcriptional events associated with MYD88WT WM and provide mechanistic insights for disease transformation, decreased ibrutinib activity, and novel drug approaches for this population.

scholarly journals Grouping Bread Wheat Genotypes and Lines based on Some Morphological Traits Using Multivariate Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pasandi ◽  
M. Janmohammadi ◽  
Z. Movahedi ◽  
N. Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Improvement Programs

AbstractThe knowledge about the extent of variability among bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes is a high value for the genetic improvement programs and the efficient genetic diversity utilization of plant materials. The objective of this research was to assess the morphological characteristics of 56 common wheat genotypes which were planted under field condition and their morphological traits were recorded. The principal components (PC) analysis, factor analysis and clustering procedure were applied to group genotypes according to similarity on the basis of the measured traits. Results showed that the first two PCs explain 41% of the total variation. The PC and factor analyses grouped genotypes into four groups while the cluster analysis grouped them into five distinct clusters. The cluster I had good resistance to yellow rust and salinity while the cluster II, had good resistance to drought, cold and salinity. The cluster III had high tolerance to cold stress and low temperatures but the cluster IV had good tolerance to drought, brown rust and yellow rust. Also, cluster V had various properties including tolerance abiotic stresses, resistance to biotic stresses, resistant to lodging and semi-dwarf property. The results of this research will support efforts of conservation and utilization of genotypes in bread wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of biological characteristics and preliminary research on genetic transformation of the Aspergillus niger TL8 strain isolated in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thi Binh Xuan Loc ◽  
Tran Van Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Gfp Reporter Gene

Aspergillus niger is a mold commonly used in industrial production of many enzymes and organic acids. Because this fungus can produce different extracellular enzymes to degrade plant materials, it also causes the damages for some agricultural products at postharvest stages. In this study, we isolated a black mold strain named TL8 from a decayed dragon fruit. Based on morphological characteristics and the rDNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence, the TL8 strain was identified as A. niger. The A. niger TL8 strain is able to use different carbon sources for the growth and decay the peel of dragon fruits in vitro. In order to establish the basis for future studies on the mechanism of plant material decomposition of the fungus, we have successfully transferred and expressed the GFP reporter gene in this A. niger strain using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method and the hygromycin resistance marker.

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