scholarly journals The vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on Schima wallichii trees in a montane forest in West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Fardhani ◽  
Takeshi Torimaru ◽  
Hiromitsu Kisanuki
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
West Java ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schima Wallichii ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract. Fardhani I, Torimaru T, Kisanuki H. 2020. The vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on Schima wallichii trees in a montane forest in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 290-298. Schima wallichii Choisy. is a mostly montane species native to the island of Java; it grows on degraded land areas and is widely used for forest restoration. We studied the vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on these trees in montane forest on Mt. Sanggara, West Java, Indonesia. To this end, 40 S. wallichii trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) > 20 cm were chosen haphazardly and their epiphytic orchids were identified The diameter and height of each host tree were measured. The position of each epiphytic orchid on each host tree was allocated to one of five zones using Johansson’s method. In total, 39 epiphytic orchid species were identified on 40 host trees at the study site. There was no significant difference in orchid abundance or species richness between crown zones. However, there were significant differences in orchid abundance and species richness between trunks and crowns. Host tree size (DBH) and the number of branches were positively correlated with orchid abundance and species richness. The numbers of orchids and other epiphytic plants were positively correlated in the mid-crown and outer-crown. S. wallichii trees are essential for the epiphytic orchid community because they produce many branches that are suitable for colonization.

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the diversity of epiphytic orchids from a montane forest of southern Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Hernández-Pérez ◽  
Eloy Solano
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species

Abstract:Epiphytic orchids are very diverse in montane forests, but fragmentation modifies this diversity. Twenty fragments were quantified to evaluate the effects of fragmentation on the alpha and beta diversities of epiphytic orchids in a montane forest located in southern Mexico. The following factors were evaluated: area, core area, shape, edge density, Euclidean nearest-neighbour distance fragment and contrast index. In each fragment, two transects of 2 × 50 m were drawn, and the trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 20 cm were recorded. In each tree, the orchid species present were identified and quantified. Twenty-three species of epiphytic orchid in 234 phorophytes corresponding to 20 species were recorded. The epiphytic orchid richness per tree and species turnover was different between the phorophytes. The edge density and the contrast index had significant effects on the alpha diversity, while the isolation of the fragments significantly affected the beta diversity. The edge density positively affected the alpha diversity of the epiphytic orchids, likely through microclimatic changes caused by fragmentation. Drought-tolerant species were common on the edges of the fragments, and shade-tolerant species established on the core area of the fragments. This pattern most likely depends on the ecological range of the taxa, which is crucial to their development and persistence in fragmented habitats.

scholarly journals Ichthyofaunal diversity and vertical distribution patterns in the rockpools of the southwestern coast of Yaku-shima Island, southern Japan

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunobu Murase
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Southern Japan ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
The Western Pacific

The community composition of rockpool fish on the southwestern coast of Yaku-shima Island, southern Japan, in the northwest Pacific was investigated by sampling of 22 rockpools and recording the range of vertical heights (a total of 76 sampling events from May 2009 to February 2010). A total of 72 species belonging to 19 families were collected from the study site. This species richness is the highest recorded of similar studies undertaken worldwide, reflecting the highest diversity of coastal fishes in the western Pacific. Increases in species richness due to transient and accidental visitors increased the total number of species in the lower vertical zones. Variations in the vertical distribution pattern of the resident and transient species suggests habitat partitioning and/or physical preferences for a particular habitat of each species. Color images of rockpool fish recorded at the site and a list of all the voucher specimens are provided.

scholarly journals Distribusi Vertikal Asplenium nidus L. di Kawasan Hutan Imbowiari, Kepulauan Yapen, Papua (Vertical Distribution of Asplenium nidus L. in the Imbowiari Forest, Yapen Islands, Papua)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Edoward Krisson Raunsay ◽  
Maik Akobiarek ◽  
Marthinus Yohanis Ruamba
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Bird Nest ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Asplenium nidus L. has an important role as one of the bio-indicators of the cenderawasih bird nest and is massively found in the Imbowiari Forest, Yapen Islands Regency, Papua. Until now, there is no study on the investigation of their vertical distribution. This study aimed to identify the vertical distribution of A. nidus and the relationship with the height of the host trees. The population and samples of this study were all A. nidus existing in the Imbowiari Forest, and the samples were all A. nidus that is in the observation plot. This study employed a track path method consisting of 3 transects containing 15 observation plots. The results revealed 63 A. nidus in the area of Imbowiari Forest with the total number of host trees of 49. The A. nidus and host tree relationship was shown by the equation Y = 0,014X + 1.016 with R2 = 0,058. There was no correlation between the height of host trees and the vertical distribution of A. nidus. Keywords:  Asplenium nidus, Imbowiari Forest, vertical distribution

scholarly journals SPECIES RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF LOW-TRUNK HERB EPIPHYTES IN RELATION TO HOST TREE SIZE AND BARK TYPE, EASTERN AMAZONIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Leonardo Lima Magalhães ◽  
Maria Aparecida Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Suitable Substrate ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Herb Species

ABSTRACTThe composition and structure of the low-trunk epiphytic herb assembly as well as its vertical distribution were studied. DBH of host tree and bark type influence species richness and abundance in a nonlooded lowland tropical rainforest in Eastern Amazonia (1º57’36"S 51º36’55"W). A total of 37 epiphytic herb species were identified, among which 60% were Araceae. Species richness and abundance of epiphytic herbs showed tendency of positive correlation with host tree size and no relationships with bark type. Low positive correlation may be a by-product of the predominance of trees with smaller diameter in our sample rather than a reflection of neutral relationship. The absence of relationships with bark type may be partially explained by the large number of secondary, generalist, hemi-epiphytes and also may reflect the absence of suitable substrate in trees with smaller diameter.

scholarly journals Epiphytic Orchid Diversity along an Altitudinal Gradient in Central Nepal

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Binu Timsina ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann ◽  
Sajan Subedi ◽  
Subhash Khatri ◽  
Maan B. Rokaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Low Altitude

Epiphytic orchids are common in subtropical forests, but little is known about the factors that determine their diversity. We surveyed two sites (north-facing Phulchowki and south-facing Shivapuri hills), in the sub-tropical forest in the Kathmandu valley, central Nepal. Along five transects per site, spanning an altitudinal gradient of 1525–2606 m a.s.l., we recorded all epiphytic orchids and the host species on which they were growing. The data were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Species richness significantly decreased with increasing altitude and was higher in larger hosts and in places with high temperature. Species composition was affected by altitude, distance from the forest edge, host type, and precipitation. This study indicates that the most important factors affecting epiphytic orchid diversity was altitude, even if other factors were associated with patterns in composition. The low-altitude habitats with high species diversity are the best places for epiphytic orchids in this region. The altitudinal species richness and patterns in composition revealed by this study provide a baseline for further studies on epiphytic orchids.

scholarly journals The Vertical Distribution of Sediment Archaeal Community in the “Black Bloom” Disturbing Zhushan Bay of Lake Taihu

Archaea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfang Fan ◽  
Peng Xing
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Biomass Transformation ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Using the Illumina sequencing technology, we investigated the vertical distribution of archaeal community in the sediment of Zhushan Bay of Lake Taihu, where the black bloom frequently occurred in summer. Overall, the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG), Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Group 6 (DHVEG-6), andMethanobacteriumdominated the archaeal community. However, we observed significant difference in composition of archaeal community among different depths of the sediment. DHVEG-6 dominated in the surface layer (0–3 cm) sediment.Methanobacteriumwas the dominating archaeal taxa in the L2 (3–6 cm) and L3 (6–10) sediment. MCG was most abundant in the L4 (10–15 cm) and L5 (15–20 cm) sediment. Besides, DHVEG-6 was significantly affected by the concentration of total phosphorus (TP). And loss on ignition (LOI) was an important environmental factor forMethanobacterium. As the typical archaeal taxa in the surface layer sediment, DHVEG-6 andMethanobacteriummight be more adapted to abundant substrate supply from cyanobacterial blooms and take active part in the biomass transformation. We propose that DHVEG-6 andMethanobacteriumcould be the key archaeal taxa correlated with the “black bloom” formation in Zhushan Bay.

scholarly journals ANGGREK EPIFIT DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI CAGAR ALAM GUNUNG TILU, JAWA BARAT: KOMPOSISI SPESIES DAN JENIS POHON INANGNYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Cahyanto ◽  
Epa Paujiah ◽  
Vina Yuliandiana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
West Java ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Schima Wallichii ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRACTOrchid epiphytes are orchids that attach to parts of plant such as stems, branches, or twigs that are still alive or dead. This study aims to determine the composition of epiphytic orchid species and their host species in the conservation area of Gunung Tilu, West Java. This research uses descriptive method with quantitative approach. This research was conducted from January to March 2017 in Gambung Block that exist in natural reserve of Gunung Tilu, West Java. The results showed that epiphytic orchid species found in Gambung Block, Gunung Tilu Natural Reserve as many as 15 species. The species of host plant that places the epiphytic orchid consists of eight species, namely Altingia excelsa, Lithocarpus pallidus, Schima wallichii, Ficus pistulosa, Castanopsis argantea, Phobea grandis, Castanopsis cuspidate, and Trema amboinensis. Epiphytic orchids are widely distributed in three plant zone, i.e zone two, three and four. Keywords: Orchid epiphytes, Gunung Tilu, host plant, distribution ABSTRAK Anggrek epifit adalah anggrek yang menempel pada bagian pohon seperti batang, dahan, atau ranting pohon yang masih hidup maupun yang sudah mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies anggrek epifit dan jenis pohon inangnya di kawasan konservasi cagar alam Gunung Tilu, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2017 di blok gambung yang ada pada cagar alam Gunung Tilu, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa spesies anggrek epifit yang terdapat di blok gambung, Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu sebanyak 15 spesies. Jenis pohon inang yang menjadi tempat tinggal anggrek epifit terdiri atas delapan spesies yaitu Altingia excelsa, Lithocarpus pallidus, Schima wallichii, Ficus pistulosa, Castanopsis argantea, Phobea grandis, Castanopsis cuspidate, dan Trema amboinensis. Anggrek epifit terdistribusi luas pada tiga zona pohon yaitu pada zona dua, tiga dan empat. Kata Kunci: anggrek epifit, Gunung Tilu, pohon Inang, distribusi

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