scholarly journals Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Ventsova ◽  
VLADIMIR SAFONOV
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Gonadal Dysfunction ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Uterine Diseases

Abstract. Ventsova I, Safonov V. 2021. Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows. Biodiversitas 22: 4997-5002. The article presents the evaluation of peroxide, antioxidant, and hormonal conditions of high-producing red-and-white dairy cows in the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy and the postpartum period. The blood concentration of malonic dialdehyde, stable nitric oxide metabolites, S-nitrosothiols, vitamins E and C, carotin, gonadal, corticosteroid, and thyroid hormones, as well as activity of GPx, GR, SOD, catalase, and ceruloplasmin, were estimated to define major disorder-provoking factors. Analysis of the data shows that ketosis-gestosis syndrome during pregnancy, postpartum metritis, and gonadal dysfunction occur mainly because of oxidative stress in the context of unbalanced peroxide responses and antioxidant protection. Levels of malonic dialdehyde compared to healthy animals increased by 42.3%, 75%, 56.6%, respectively, as also enzyme activities of GR by 26%, 68.1%, 30.1% and catalase by 17.3%, 45.1%, and 23.9%, correspondingly. The endocrine status indicators in the animals with ketosis-gestosis syndrome changed as follows: progesterone levels were 29.5% lower in cows, 17?-estradiol and cortisol were 20.8% and 14.7% lower, respectively. In animals with inflammatory uterine diseases and depressing reproductive glands, progesterone level was 2 and 3 times lower than in healthy animals, the content of cortisol was 17.6% and 25.1% lower, and testosterone decreased by 21.4% and 75.1%, respectively.

Interaction of Pro- and Antioxidant Factors, Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Blood and Gingival Tissues during Experimental Chronic Gastritis and Duodenitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Y.G. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites

The stable metabolites rate of nitric oxide is reduced three times compared with the rate in the group of control animals in homogenates of rats’ gingival tissue with gastritis and duodenitis. Increasing of the catalase rate with simultaneous increasing of lipids and proteins oxidation was accompanied by decreasing activity of superoxide dismutase. Decreasing of the malonic dialdehyde content and indices protein molecules fragmentation in the blood plasma with simultaneous increasing of catalase and nitric oxide metabolites levels indicates the leading role of nitric oxide in antioxidant protection of the organism in conditions of disease.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic and metabolic disorders in obese patients with resistant hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shalimova ◽  
V Psarova ◽  
M Kochuieva ◽  
O Kolesnikova ◽  
A Isaieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Cardiovascular Remodeling ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Abstract   Resistant hypertension (RH) is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both true and pseudo-resistant arterial hypertension (AH) represent a big problem not only in blood pressure (BP) control, but also in those possible adverse cardiovascular events, the development of which is associated with failure to achieve target BP levels. The aim of the study was to establish the features of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in obese patients with true and pseudo-resistant AH. Material and methods The study included 200 patients with uncontrolled AH and obesity. Patients were initially prescribed dual antihypertensive therapy. Those patients who did not reach target BP levels after 3 months on dual therapy were additionally assigned a third antihypertensive drug. Of the 98 patients who were assigned triple therapy, 48 patients did not reach target BP (27 patients had pseudo-resistant and 21 patients had true resistant AH). These patients were additionally prescribed a fourth antihypertensive drug (spironolactone). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated 6 months after the start of antihypertensive therapy. Results After 6 months of therapy, patients with RH had higher body mass index (BMI) and higher BP levels compared to patients without this condition. Patients with RH also had more pronounced cardiovascular remodeling, higher levels of triglycerides, insulin, HbA1c, more pronounced insulin resistant (IR), which was confirmed by greater HOMA-IR, greater imbalance of adipokines, proinflamation activity and higher activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). A comparative assessment of pseudo-resistance and true resistance showed that patients with true resistance differed from pseudo-resistant patients with significantly lower BMI (p=0.02). In addition, in the absence of differences in BP levels, cardiovascular remodeling, lipid and carbohydrate profiles, patients with true resistance had significantly higher levels of aldosterone (p=0.04), higher activity of oxidative stress (malonic dialdehyde, p=0.01 and diene conjugates, p=0.03), a lower level of total antioxidant protection (p=0.00), a higher level of adiponectin (p=0.00), and a lower level of leptin (p=0.00), compared with pseudo-resistant patients. Conclusions Patients with resistant hypertension differed from hypertensive obese patients without resistance with higher BMI and BP, higher levels of triglycerides, insulin, HbA1c, more pronounced IR, cardiovascular remodeling, imbalance of oxidative stress - antioxidant protection system, higher proinflammatory and RAAS activity. Patients with true resistance differed from pseudo-resistant patients with significantly lower BMI, higher aldosterone levels, more pronounced imbalance of the system of oxidative stress - antioxidant protection and less pronounced adipokines imbalance. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The effect of intense physical exertion on the biochemical parameters of antioxidant protection systems and nitric oxide in swimming athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 860-865
Author(s):  
T. V. Blinova ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
S. A. Kolesov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

Introduction. Intense physical activity leads to a violation of homeostasis, which is supported by a balanced work of the body’s defense systems against oxidative stress, in particular, antioxidant, thiol disulfide and nitric oxide system. The study of these indicators will improve the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body to physical activity.The aim of the study was to identify the features of changes in antioxidant protection systems and nitric oxide during intense physical activity in athletes-swimmers.Materials and methods. Blood of athletes-swimmers (n=30, age 23,0±2,5 years) in the conditions of intensive physical loadings is investigated. Oxidative stress, total serum antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels and nitric oxide metabolites were studied by photometric biochemical methods.Results. In 73.3% of athletes after intense physical activity remained elevated levels of oxidized glutathione, 30% had a high level of oxidative stress, 26.7% of the level of antioxidant capacity of serum is low, 73.3% was reduced relative to the initial level of the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites.Conclusion. Intense physical activity leads to oxidative stress and disturbances in the antioxidant system of the athlete’s body. With increasing load, the degree of violations increases. The level of oxidative stress increases, the total antioxidant capacity of serum decreases, the functioning of glutathione is disrupted. Integral indicators of oxidative stress, as well as glutathione fractions can be recommended for monitoring the state of oxidative stress.

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barahona Rosales ◽  
Burim N. Ametaj
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uterine Diseases

Postpartum uterine diseases are common in dairy cows and are a great concern for the dairy industry as they are associated with various consequences, including lower fertility, lower milk yield, and an overall negative impact on the host health. An infected uterus is a source of bacterial compounds and cytokines that spill into the systemic circulation, spreading inflammation to other organs. In this review article, we discuss a short overview of the anatomy of the reproductive tract of dairy cows and several infectious diseases of the uterus including metritis, endometritis, and pyometra. Additionally, we discuss the microbiome of the reproductive tract in health and during uterine diseases. As well, diagnostic criteria for metritis and endometritis and contributing factors for increased susceptibility to metritis infection are important topics of this review. To better understand how the uterus and reproductive tract respond to bacterial pathogens, a section of this review is dedicated to immunity of the reproductive tract. Both the innate and adaptive immunity systems are also discussed. We conclude the review with a factual discussion about the current treatments of uterine diseases and the new developments in the area of application of probiotics for uterine health. Mechanisms of actions of probiotics are discussed in detail and also some applications to prevent uterine infections in dairy cows are discussed.

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