Time to Shift: From Scaling and Root Planing to Root Surface Debridement

Non-surgical periodontal treatment has traditionally been based on the notion that bacterial plaque (dental biofilm) penetrates and infects dental cementum. Removal of this infected cementum via scaling and root planing (SRP) was considered essential for re-establishing periodontal health. In the 1980s the concept of SRP was questioned because several in vitro studies showed that the biofilm was superficially located on the root surface and its disruption and removal could be relatively easily achieved by ultrasonic instrumentation of the root surface (known as root surface debridement (RSD). Subsequent in vivo studies corroborated the in vitro findings. There is now sufficient clinical evidence to substantiate the concept that the deliberate removal of cementum by SRP is no longer warranted or justified, and that the more gentle and conservative approach of RSD should be implemented in daily periodontal practice.

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Influence of dental exposure to oral environment on smear layer removal and collagen exhibition after using different conditioning agents

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402011000600007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 479-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lucas Amaral Fontanari ◽

Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto ◽

Rodrigo Cavassim ◽

Rubens Spin-Neto ◽

Eduardo de Paula Ishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Surface ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Impacted Teeth ◽

Surface Conditioning ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Root Surface Conditioning

Although in vitro studies have shown encouraging results for root surface conditioning with demineralizing agents, in vivo studies have failed to show its benefits in periodontal healing. This can be attributed to several factors, among which, the hypermineralization of dental surface. Therefore, this in vitro study compared, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effect of root surface conditioning with different conditioners (1% and 25% citric acid, 24% EDTA and 50 mg/mL tetracycline hydrochloride) in impacted teeth and in teeth that had their roots exposed to the oral environment. One trained examiner assessed the SEM micrographs using a root surface modification index. There was a tendency of more root surface modification in the group of impacted teeth, suggesting that the degree of root mineralization influences its chemical demineralization.

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Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained From Dental Tissues: A Review of the Literature

Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.15517/ijds.v21i1.34884 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

Mariné Ortiz-Magdaleno DDS, MSc, PhD ◽

Ana Isabel Romo-Tobías DDS ◽

Fernando Romo-Ramírez DDS, MSc ◽

Diana María Escobar DDS, MSc, PhD ◽

Héctor Flores-Reyes DDS, MSc, PhD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Key Factors ◽

Dental Tissues

The success of tissue engineering in combination with tissue regeneration depends on the behavior and cellular activity in the biological processes developed within a structure that functions as a support, better known as scaffolds, or directly at the site of the injury. The cell-cell and cell-biomaterial interaction are key factors for the induction of a specific cell behavior, together with the bioactive factors that allow the formation of the desired tissue. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can be isolated from the umbilical cord and bone marrow; however, the behavior of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) has been shown to have a high potential for the formation of bone tissue, and these cells have even been able to induce the process of angiogenesis. Advances in periodontal regeneration, dentin-pulp complex, and craniofacial bone defects through the induction of MSC obtained from tooth structures in in vitro-in vivo studies have permitted the obtaining of clinical evidence of the achievements obtained to date.

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Remdesivir: A Closer Look at Its Effect in COVID-19 Pandemic

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000518440 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Huda R. Taha ◽

Nour Keewan ◽

Farah Slati ◽

Nour A. Al-Sawalha

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Nucleotide Analog ◽

Positive Results ◽

Adenosine Nucleotide

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiology of COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in significant harm to the affected countries in every aspect of life. The virus infected over 139 million patients and resulted in over 2.9 million deaths until April 16, 2021. New variants of this virus were identified that spread rapidly worldwide. Summary: Remdesivir, a prodrug of adenosine nucleotide analog, is an antiviral with a broad spectrum of activity that was tested on SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome infections. In vitro studies conducted on SARS-CoV-2 revealed that remdesivir inhibited viral replication with high selectivity index in cell cultures. In vivo studies showed that remdesivir reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and attenuated pulmonary infiltrates in infected animals. Further, remdesivir showed promising results in terms of clinical improvement, shortening the recovery time, mortality rate, and the duration of oxygen need, despite that some clinical trials did not reveal significant effect on remdesivir use. Several studies showed positive results of remdesivir against the new variants. Key Messages: Remdesivir showed a promising beneficial effect against new variants of SARS-CoV-2, but more clinical evidence is needed to confirm this effect.

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Scanning electron microscopic and profilometric study of different sharpening stones

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402006000300012 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 237-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roberto Antonio Andrade Acevedo ◽

Ana Karina Veloso Cardozo ◽

José Eduardo César Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Root Surface ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Cutting Angle ◽

Root Planing ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Scanning Electron

Scaling and root planing contribute to the recovery of periodontal health. All periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting angle after use. To maintain this angle, correct sharpening is required using specifically designed stones. The characteristics of sharpening stones can be compared to the blade of the instruments and also transported to root surface during instrumentation. Root smoothness is related to the quality of the blade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of 9 sharpening stones by scanning electron microscopic and profilometric analyses. Ceramic and Neumar stones were very fine and both may be recommended to maintain the sharpness of the instruments. Arkansas, Thompson and CE stones presented greater roughness with very regular and round particles, and are suitable for maintenance of the cutting angle. In addition, these stones may be indicated for the routine sharpening of the instruments that are partly dull. Oxide Aluminum, Carborundum and JON stones were the coarsest with large irregular particles and may be indicated for initial sharpening of totally dull instruments with completion of sharpening with finer stones.

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In vivo and in vitro effects of an Er:YAG laser, a GaAlAs diode laser, and scaling and root planing on periodontally diseased root surfaces: A comparative histologic study

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine ◽

10.1002/lsm.10179 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Frank Schwarz ◽

Anton Sculean ◽

Mohammad Berakdar ◽

Ludwig Szathmari ◽

Thomas Georg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Histologic Study ◽

Root Planing ◽

Diseased Root ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Root Surfaces

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Cannabidiol—from Plant to Human Body: A Promising Bioactive Molecule with Multi-Target Effects in Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20235905 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (23) ◽

pp. 5905 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Brigitta Kis ◽

Feng Chen Ifrim ◽

Valentina Buda ◽

Stefana Avram ◽

Ioana Zinuca Pavel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Different Types ◽

Psychoactive Effects ◽

Target Effects

Cannabis sativa L. is a plant long used for its textile fibers, seed oil, and oleoresin with medicinal and psychoactive properties. It is the main source of phytocannabinoids, with over 100 compounds detected so far. In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to the main phytochemicals present in Cannabis sativa L., namely, cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Compared to THC, CBD has non-psychoactive effects, an advantage for clinical applications of anti-tumor benefits. The review is designed to provide an update regarding the multi-target effects of CBD in different types of cancer. The main focus is on the latest in vitro and in vivo studies that present data regarding the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cytotoxic, anti-invasive, anti-antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of CBD together with their mechanisms of action. The latest clinical evidence of the anticancer effects of CBD is also outlined. Moreover, the main aspects of the pharmacological and toxicological profiles are given.

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EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING IN PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS – A CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v8i5.658 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

Author(s):

P. Karthickeyan ◽

J. Bhaskar ◽

K. Mahalakshmi ◽

B. Krishna Prasanth ◽

Bhagavad Gita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Root Surface ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Control Group ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Root Planing ◽

Bacterial Plaque

Background: The goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate bacterial plaque and the factors favoring its formation. Conventional therapy includes scaling, root planing and curettage along with appropriate maintenance of oral hygiene. However, complete elimination of sub gingival micro flora is difficult from areas inaccessible to periodontal instrumentation, which demands the use of antimicrobials as adjuncts in periodontal therapy. Periodontal pocket provides an ideal environment for the growth of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. In the course of initiation and progression of the inflammatory process, the sub gingival bacteria increase in numbers and invade the pocket epithelial cells and subsequently, the underlying tissues. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of curcumin with scaling and root planing as compared with scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of the periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with two contralateral sites were identified for the study having probing pocket depths (PPDs) of >5mm. Full mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) was done followed by subgingival application of curcumin gel only on one side. Assessment of Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical attachment levels (CALs) were done at both baseline and at 4th week. Subgingival plaque samples was collected from the root surface and standard microbiologic assessment was done both from the control and the test sites before scaling and root planing. Result: There was a reduction in PI, GI, PPD, CAL and microbiologic parameters in test sites followed by SRP and curcumin gel application, when compared with SRP alone in control group. Conclusion: The subgingival application of curcumin gel in adjunct with scaling and root planing has shown good improvement in periodontal parameters and has a beneficial effect in periodontitis patients. Keywords: Curcumin, Periodontitis, Scaling and root planing.

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