scholarly journals Verschiedene Arten der Art und Weise: zu ihrer Positionierung im Deutschen und Englischen

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Pittner
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Class

Ausgehend von der Annahme, daß die Stellung der Adverbiale ihre semantischen Relationen zum Rest des Satzes widerspiegelt, wird gezeigt, daß die traditionelle Klasse der Adverbiale der Art und Weise in verschiedene Klassen zerfällt; in die bei dem (finalen) Verb stehenden prozeßbezogenen Adverbiale, andererseits in die subjektbezogenen und ereignisbezogenen Adverbiale, die höher im Satz stehen. Adverbiale der "Art und Weise" dieser unterschiedlichen Gruppen zeigen nicht nur im Deutschen, sondern auch im Englischen und Französischen ein unterschiedliches Stellungsverhalten. Unterschiede, die sich zwischen diesen Sprachen hinsichtlich der Stellung dieser Adverbien beobachten lassen, sind auf Unterschiede in den Satzstrukturen zurückzuführen. Proceeding from the assumption that the positions of adverbials reflect their semantic relations to the rest of the sentence, it is shown that the traditional class of manner adverbs can be divided into several classes: on the one hand there are process-related adverbs which are closely related to (final) verbs, on the other subject-oriented and event-related adverbs occurring higher in the sentence. "Manner adverbs" of these different groups can occupy different positions in German and English as well as in French. It can be argued that differences in adverb positions between these languages are the result of different sentence structures.

scholarly journals VERBS OF MOVEMENT AS INDICATORS OF SENSE RELATIONS IN DESCRIPTIVE PREDICATES (A FRAGMENT OF A LINGUODIDACTIC MODEL OF RUSSIAN GRAMMAR)

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Ф.И. Панков ◽  
А.О. Пищурова
Keyword(s):  
Field Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Foreign Speakers ◽  
The One

Одна из лакун лингводидактической модели русской грамматики – описательные предикаты, неотъемлемой составной частью которых являются показатели смысловых отношений – экспликаторы. Статья представляет собой опыт анализа глаголов движения во вторичной семантической функции в качестве экспликаторов. В статье рассмотрена полевая структура категории описательных предикатов с глаголами движения, включающая ядро, приядерную зону и периферию. Языковой материал показал, что в основе образования описательных предикатов с глаголами движения лежит семантика однословного коррелята. Корректное использование глаголов движения в составе описательных предикатов позволит инофонам, с одной стороны, успешно решить свои коммуникативные потребности, а с другой – сделать речь более образной и эмоциональной. One of the lacunae of the linguodidactic model of Russian grammar is descriptive predicates, an integral part of which are indicators of semantic relations – explicators. The article presents the experience of analyzing verbs of movement in the secondary semantic function as explicators. The article considers the field structure of the category of descriptive predicates with verbs of movement, including the core, the prionuclear zone and the periphery. The language material has showed that the formation of descriptive predicates with verbs of movement is based on the semantics of the one-word correlate. Correct use of verbs of movement as part of descriptive predicates will allow foreign speakers, on the one hand, to successfully solve their communication needs, and on the other hand, to make speech more imaginative and emotional.

scholarly journals Syntax of Native Advertising Publications in Glossy Periodicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
O. A. Selemeneva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Hybrid Formation ◽  
Online Edition ◽  
Brand Promotion ◽  
The One ◽  
Simple Sentences

The question of the originality of the syntax of native advertising publications in Russian editions of international glossy magazines in 2018-2020 is considered. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the interest of domestic and foreign experts in one of the modern formats of brand promotion on the market — natural advertising that organically fits into the content of the site, print or online edition and helps to promote the brand’s products to the market. The novelty of the study is associated with the allocation, systematization and description of the main features of native publications: the functioning of bisubstantive sentences, question-answer complexes, connecting structures, definite personal one-part sentences with predicate verbs of the 1st and 2nd person singular; the use of bifunctional exclamation sentences, simple sentences, complicated by inserted constructions and introductory-modal words; the use of non-union complex sentences with explanatory semantic relations, complex sentences with explanatory-object and intrinsic-attributive clauses; introduction of various explicit intertextual units, etc. The author comes to the conclusion that the syntax of texts in the native advertising format as a whole is a hybrid formation, similar to the syntax, on the one hand, of direct advertising texts, and journalistic and PR-texts on the other.

scholarly journals Els mecanismes de referència en la interfície gramàtica-discurs. Cohesió, coherència i cognició

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Josep E. Ribera i Condomina ◽  
Maria Josep Marín Jordà ◽  
Núria Alturo Monné
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Lexical Cohesion ◽  
Thematic Progression ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Coherence Relations ◽  
Zero Anaphora ◽  
Textual Cohesion ◽  
The One

Referential cohesion integrates a series of phoric-type lexical grammatical mechanisms that exhibit syntactic and semantic links between discursive entities. By means of referential devices, textual meanings interweave so that a series of coreferential and meaning networks are created through which nouns are linked in order to contribute to textual cohesion. As a phenomenon that includes pronominalisation, ellipsis or zero anaphora, textual deixis (which essentially materialises in a non-exophoric use of demonstratives) and a variety of lexical cohesion devices (relationships of repetition, reiteration and association), referential cohesion is located at the interface between grammatical and pragmatic-discursive levels. On the one hand, it establishes structural and hierarchical syntactic-semantic relations between sentence constituents; on the other hand, it reveals the degree of activation of discursive entities in the memory of interlocutors and therefore shows evidence of discursive organisation, which licences an interpretation of thematic progression and coherence. Thus, the variety of referential mechanisms is linked to textual cohesion in the microstructural level. It stands as an obvious and tangible trace of coherence relations at the level of macrostructure and allows to track the cognitive processes by which interlocutors interact in order to communicate - the main aim of discourse - at the contextual and pragmatic levels.

scholarly journals On the semantics of non-words and their lexical category

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cassani ◽  
Yu-Ying Chuang ◽  
R. H. Baayen
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Discriminative Learning ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
The One

Using computational simulations, this work demonstrates that it is possible to learn a systematic relation between words’ sound and their meanings. The sound-meaning relation was learned from a corpus of phonologically transcribed child-directed speech by using the Linear Discriminative Learning (LDL) framework (Baayen, Chuang, Shafaei-Bajestan, & Blevins, 2019), which implements linear mappings between words’ form vectors and semantic vectors. Presented with the form vectors of 16 non-words, taken from a study on word learning (Fitneva, Christiansen, & Monaghan, 2009), the network generated the estimated semantic vectors of the non-words. As half of these non-words were created to phonologically resemble English nouns and the other half were phonologically similar to English verbs, we assessed whether the estimated semantic vectors for these non-words reflect this word category difference. In seven different simulations, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) successfully discriminated between noun-like non-words and verb-like non-words, based on their semantic relation to the words in the lexicon. Furthermore, how well LDA categorized a non-word correlated well with a phonological typicality measure (i.e., the degree of its form being noun-like or verb-like) and with children’s performance in an entity/action discrimination task. On the one hand, the results suggest that children can infer the implicit meaning of a word directly from its sound. On the other hand, this study shows that non-words do land in semantic space, such that children can capitalize on their semantic relations with other elements in the lexicon to decide whether a non-word is more likely to denote an entity or an action.

scholarly journals Anglo-Saxon and Latinate Synonyms: The Case of Speed vs. Velocity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Daniele Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Specific Relation ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Distinct Features

The aim of this paper is to provide an initial analysis of the semantic relations holding between Anglo-Saxon and Latinate synonyms in present-day English. It is an acknowledged fact that the lexicon of English consists of a basic indigenous vocabulary of Germanic origin with many foreign borrowings especially from French, Latin and Greek. This has produced an etymologically diverse word-stock characterized by distinct features. Near-synonymous words with a different etymology can be a source of confusion and dictionaries often fail to clearly distinguish between them. Pairs of Anglo-Saxon vs. Latinate words, such as speed/velocity, sweat/perspire, lunatic/insane, etc., are often said to be equivalent in meaning, with differences only in terms of style and register. The scenario, however, is more subtle, complex and interesting than this. A finer-grained analysis of speed and velocity, for instance, shows, on the one hand, that there is a high degree of interchangeability between the two words. On the other hand, though, the semantics of speed is more generic, neutral and broader in scope, while velocity expresses specific and restricted meanings. In addition to this generic-specific relation between the two words, velocity appears to undergo metaphoric extension.

scholarly journals THE FUNCTION OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF MOTION VERBS IN PROMOTING THE QUR’ANIC INTENTIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 349-369
Author(s):  
Zehra Alispahić
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Verbs, as the most important open word class, and prepositions, holding the same status among closed classes, are involved into particular syntactic-semantic relations in the Arabic language. Despite that, verbs and prepositions, as meaningful units, have been treated separately in scientific analyses. Relevant classic grammar texts do not offer the answer to the question which specific verbs are associated with specific prepositions, i.e. which prepositions are associated with specific verbal semantic fields. Ideas like these can be found only in some recent linguistic enquiries, which attempt to connect prepositions and verbal semantic fields through research in two directions: analyzing verbs and the related prepositions, on the one hand, and prepositions and the corresponding verbs, on the other hand. The presence of a significant number of verbal triliters in the text of the Qur'an and their associations with prepositions have led to the formation of numerous verbal semantic fields. This paper draws attention to the most frequent semantic field in the Qur'an, the one related to motion verbs.

scholarly journals From "Corner Shop" to "Corner Man" : Conceptual Relations and Context in the Creation and Interpretation of Noun-Noun Sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Portero Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Conceptual Combination ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conceptual Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Relevant Factors

In this paper it will be argued that there are two different and equally relevant factors intervening in the creation and interpretation of noun-noun sequences in English. On the one hand, the concepts denoted by the nouns involved will determine some preferences to combine with other nouns, since certain semantic relations are cognitively salient with each semantic type of noun and are therefore privileged. By means of corpus data it will be shown that there are two main types of conceptual relations holding between the two nouns in a sequence, depending on the semantics of the nouns, namely argument relations and adverbial relations. On the other hand, it will be claimed that conceptual combination is a dynamic process that must take context (either world-knowledge, co-text, or situational context) into account.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

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