scholarly journals Productive restructuring and labour: the auto industry in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Leite
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Managerial Strategies ◽  
Do So

In the early 1980's, Brazilian industry underwent a crisis of the previous accumulation model, ushering in a period in which the country lost international competitiveness. This paper traces the changes that have taken place since then, including the further changes that have taken place since 2003. It concludes that the last four years have not differed much from the earlier pattern, even though several new industrial policies have been introduced with the aim of spurring technological innovation. The paper investigates the reasons for this, seeking to underline the limits and the potentialities of such policies, given the general global context. In order to do so, it analyses managerial strategies and innovative processes in the Brazilian manufacturing sector as a whole, with a special focus on the automotive sector, and discusses the implications of this restructuring for labour.

Sustainable Development in a Global Context: A Success or a Nuisance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Kamel Bakari
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The North ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article argues that the evolution of, and challenges to, sustainable development cannot be understood completely outside its contemporary global context, consisting mainly of three interconnected spheres, i.e., the global governance system, the North-South debate, and global trade liberalization. As the boundaries of these three spheres get more and more blurred in a context of an intensifying globalization, the project of sustainable development is very often faced with obstacles that set back its evolution and might very well bring it to a halt. Above all, sustainable development is now caught in the crossfire between the push for exponential economic growth, on the one hand, and a compelling need to reverse catastrophic ecological threats and social exigencies, on the other. More often than not, the current structure and scope of global governance constitutes more of a hindrance than a help to the emerging paradigm of sustainable development. Accordingly, this article seeks to pinpoint the different challenges to the implementation of sustainable development in the field of global governance and to discuss to what extent these challenges are inherent in the structure and scope of this system. In a similar vein, this article examines and discusses the challenges to sustainability within two other highly interrelated spheres, namely global trade and the North-South politics. With this end in view, a special focus is placed throughout this paper on the interconnectedness of, and overlap between, these three global spheres and the determinant role played by the major actors therein.

scholarly journals The automotive sector in emerging economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Martins da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Technological Diffusion ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Policies

From the decades that followed the II World War, the automotive sector has been rebuilt as one of the pillars of global capitalism. With an elevated level of concentration and working in global scale, the automotive sector has been a major vector of technological diffusion and it demonstrates a notable capacity to absorb technology from other industries. This paper discusses some conclusions of the book published by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, named The automotive sector in emerging economies: industrial policies, market dynamics and trade unions – trends & perspectives in Brazil, China, Mexico and Russia. ..

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: A CASE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
SYED ATIF ALI WARSI ◽  
DR. MUHAMMAD ASIM ◽  
SALMAN MANZOOR
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Chain Management

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between supply chain management practices (SCMP) on technological innovation in the manufacturing sector organizations of Pakistan. The supply chain management practices (SCMP) include in this study are strategic supplier partnership, information sharing, information quality, postponement and internal lean practices while technological innovation being the dependent variable. The target population for this study has been selected as the manufacturing sector in Pakistan. The study has collected 200 responses from the supply chain professionals of manufacturing firms of Karachi, Pakistan. For analysis of data, partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) named Smart PLS version 3.2.8 has been used. The finding of the study showed that supply chain management practices have a positive impact on technological innovation. The postponement has the highest impact and positive relation with technological innovation, then strategic supplier partnership was found to a positive and significant impact on technological innovation, while information quality has lower impact and positive relationship with technological innovation. The study suggests that manufacturing firms should implement proper supply chain management practices for making their product and process innovations. The paper will provide insights to the manufacturing firm how these supply chain management practices help in technological innovation.

Use of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Method in Remanufacturing Analysis for Engine Block

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 1026-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajul Ariffin Abdullah ◽  
Akmal Hashim ◽  
Abu Bakar Baharudin ◽  
Dzuraidah Abd Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Engine Block ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Durable Products ◽  
Fmea Method

Over this recent year, a growing population that increase the economic development, capacity of landfills and critical environmental impact are gaining the importance role of remanufacturing activities. Moreover, many durable products are disposed in landfills at the end of their useful lives without undergoing by any recovery process that affect the landfill space has been decreasing in all over the world including by our country. Remanufacturing is the process by which used products are returned to their new state with minimum waste and expenditure on materials and energy. This study focus on the concept concept of remanufacturing practice in automotive sector. Malaysians have been generated wastes at a manufacturing sector especially in the automotive sector. On top of that, the conventional remanufacturing systems that have been constructed in Malaysia are not widely marketed and lack of practical applications. This study provides a remanufacturing analysis for improvement to the automotive sectors on engine block. Furthermore, this study presents the information based on the discussion of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to encourage the implementation of remanufacturing activities. By making the remanufacturing activities possible to implement efficiently, manufacturer may decrease their production costs, decrease refuse and landfill materials, and increase their quality management.

Improvising an Institution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Global Context ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Do So

This chapter examines the everyday practices at the Islamic Shariʻa Council, London (ISC). ISC scholars do what judges do in courts throughout the world: they try to arrive at a reasonable outcome in a way that is consistent with their own procedures and with their understanding of the relevant law. However, the ISC scholars do so in a global context of Islamic jurisprudence and of transnational movement: clients come to them from dozens of countries, many of them will return to those (or other) countries, and from time to time Islamic scholars from prestigious religious faculties drop in to observe. Understandably, the scholars on this and other councils discuss whether their practices fit with those of Muslim-majority countries and with positions taken by those prestigious Islamic scholars.

R&D Internationalization as Mechanism of Innovation in Global Enterprises

2012 ◽  
pp. 619-638
Author(s):  
Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Do So

Internationalization of Research and Development (R&D) allows transnational companies (TNC) to access different and important resources overseas, which may lead to the improvement of their technological innovation. The literature in this field has been mostly created from studies of TNCs coming from developed countries. This chapter presents some of the main topics the literature addresses on R&D internationalization, then it will explore and verify how companies in developing countries internationalize their R&D activities. In order to do so, a bibliographic review about strategies of internationalization of TNC operations, as well as motivating factors and management of R&D internationalization have been conducted. The chapter finishes by presenting a case study about international R&D conducted in a Brazilian TNC. The results enabled to evidence that, like developed countries TNCs, developing countries’ companies also seem to perform internationalization of R&D activities with very similar characteristics.

Research on the International Competitiveness in China’s Textile and Clothing Industries Based on Rough Set

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Diamond Model

According to the “diamond model”, the paper establishes an evaluation system and case analysis for the international competitiveness of China’s textile and clothing industries based on rough set. It indicates that China’s textile and clothing industries still have strong international competitiveness. However, core factors affecting international competitiveness such as technological innovation with disadvantage competitively made it decreased gradually.

Shakespeare’s Post-Colonial Legacy: The Case of Othello

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Maria Löschnigg
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Source Text ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Colonial Legacy

Abstract Post-colonial rewritings of European classics have been categorized either as texts which perpetuate colonial structures, or as ‘canonical counterdiscourses’, which stand in clear opposition to the source text. Appropriations of Shakespeare, in particular, have been the target of such polarized readings, which all seem to be based on the assumption that literary texts are fixed discourses. In my essay I shall try to counter the narrow post-colonial conceptualisation of the counter-discourse by taking a closer look at Othello-rewritings, with a special focus on African Murray Carlin’s play Not Now, Sweet Desdemona. As will be illustrated, Carlin’s text, just like so many other Shakespeare rewritings, draws on the ambiguities inherent in the pre-text, in order to engage in a dialogue with the Renaissance tragedy and activate its relevancies for modern post-colonial societies in a global context. The article thus proposes a new approach to Shakespeare rewritings, one that considers the pretexts’ polyvalence and one that exchanges notions of counter-discursivity with notions of textual and cultural reciprocity.

The Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector Productivity, Export, and Competitiveness

2019 ◽  
pp. 650-668
Author(s):  
Admasu Shiferaw ◽  
Måns Söderbom
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Statistical Agency

Over the last two decades the Ethiopian manufacturing sector has experienced rapid expansion in terms of the number of firms, sales, and employment. This chapter examines the performance of the manufacturing sector using aggregate data and firm-level panel data compiled by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. The focus is on three dimensions of performance: productivity growth, the extent of export orientation, and the competitiveness of domestic firms in the global context. Manufacturing remains a relatively small sector in terms of contribution to GDP and employment, and it has yet to become export oriented even by African standards. In examining productivity growth, the analysis addresses within-firm productivity growth and its heterogeneity across firms, as well as the role of resource reallocation from less efficient firms to more efficient ones.

Are KIBS beneficial to international business performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Kamp ◽  
Iñigo Ruiz de Apodaca
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Business Competitiveness

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether knowledge-intensive business services (KIBSs) contribute to international business activity. In line with studies from the servitization, the territorial competitiveness and the global value chain realm, it can be hypothesized that if KIBS consumption has a positive effect on business competitiveness, a correlation is discernible between “intensity of KIBS uptake” and “turnover and export performance at industrial sector level”. Design/methodology/approach To test this hypothesis, the authors make use of input-output tables from the Basque Country for the period 2000-2012 and regional accounts regarding turnover and export per sector and calculate how consumption of a series of KIBS correlates with turnover and export evolution for 14 industrial sectors. Findings The authors find a strong fit between consumption of KIBSs and international competitiveness parameters for the industrial sectors screened. Research limitations/implications The authors postulate that the use of KIBS is beneficial for consuming industries. Accordingly, the authors posit that having a sound KIBS basis in a territory contributes to (international) business competitiveness, and that industrial policies should foster the rapprochement of manufacturing sectors to KIBS. At the same time, the authors assume that reverse causalities may be at play (international competitiveness of manufacturing sectors boosts KIBS consumption through backward linkage effects). Practical implications The paper posits that having a sound KIBS basis in a territory contributes to international business competitiveness, and that industrial policies should foster a rapprochement of manufacturing sectors to KIBS. A further implication would be to look after a minimum critical mass and or to engage in KIBS capacity building in a territory. Absence of competitiveness-enhancing KIBS in a region may hamper business performance and staying power of user industries. The paper’s findings also imply that the posture of manufacturing firms towards uptake of knowledge-intensive services matters, and that fostering their proactiveness to interact with KIBS is indicated. Similarly, they form an argument in favour of considering KIBS as active subject matters for industrial policy design. Originality/value Amidst the several perspectives adopted upon KIBS’ role to foster business and territorial competitiveness, what is largely absent is the examination of how uptake of KIBS by respective sectors relates to the turnover or export evolutions that the sectors in question reveal. Consequently, the present paper sets out to examine this research question.

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