scholarly journals Modeling and optimization of experimental parameters in the treatment of effluents by coagulation-flocculation processes: Methodology of experimental design

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane hanane Arroub ◽  
Ahmed El Harfi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Experimental Parameters

The objective of this study is to determine the optimal conditions of the operational parameters: type of flocculant (chitosan(s) and ferrocryl®8723), dose of flocculant (0.1g/L at 0.5g/L) and pH (6 to 9) in the treatment of hot dip galvanizing effluents using coagulation/flocculation processes. The optimization of these parameters is done by the methodology of experimental design which allowed us to predict the optimal conditions. The concerned results, especially the theoretical operating parameters, allowed us to give a better reduction of the TSS, BOD5 and COD in the optimal conditions namely: the pH of about 9, the type of flocculant is chitosan(s) with a dose of 0.2g/L.

Modeling and optimization of sand crushing plant using experimental design methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
Djamel Benyessad ◽  
Hamid Arkoub ◽  
Abdelghani Seghir
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Crushing Plant

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present results of an experimental program conducted on manufacturing process of crushed sand. The aim of the research is to propose an optimized approach which allows to fix, directly at the process stage, the rate of fines in the produced crushed sand. Design/methodology/approach In the first step of the study, samples of crushed sand are collected in situ, at each adjustment of the identified operating parameters. They are then analyzed in laboratory to retrieve especially the fines contents for each adjustment. These adjustments are conducted for all possible combinations of the extremum operating conditions of the parameters. In the second step of the study, the experimental design technique is applied to study the influence of the different factors, and to model the interaction between them. An expression is obtained and subjected to statistical tests, and then it is confronted to other experimental measures. Findings Parameters influencing the fines rates are identified and their effects are analyzed. The domain of variation of three predominant parameters is defined allowing to conduct in situ experiments with minimal incidence on the manufacturing disturbance. A mathematical model is proposed to quantify the crushed sand fines by analytical expression that takes into account the interaction between influencing parameters. Practical implications The conducted experiments provided new data that will help to enhance and to better set up the settings of the parameters influencing the rate of filler. The proposed expression constitutes a practical tool for the manufacturer to fix the operating parameters values that results in a desired target fines contents. Originality/value Modeling and optimization of the sand crushing plant, considered here as a case study, has not been attempted previously. The conducted experiments and the proposed mathematical model constitute an original work of this study.

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

scholarly journals Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Study of the Separation of an Aromatase Inhibitor and a Tryciclic Antidepressant in the Breast Cancer Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ACI.S939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rodríguez Flores ◽  
A.M. Contento Salcedo ◽  
L. Muñoz Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulphate ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was investigated for the simultaneous determination of letrozole, imipramine and their metabolites in human urine samples over a concentration range of therapeutic interest. Experimental parameters such as pH of the running electrolyte, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) concentration, borate concentration, voltage, etc were investigated. Under optimal conditions of 25 mM SDS, 15 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2), 15% 2-propanol, as background electrolyte; 28 kV and 40 °C, as voltage and cartridge temperature, respectively; resolution between the peaks was greater than 1.7. Before the determination, a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure with a C18 cartridge was optimized. Good linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness were achieved and detection limits of 12.5 ng/mL for letrozole and its metabolite and 37.5 ng/mL, were obtained for imipramine and their metabolites. Real determinations of these analytes in two patient urines were carried out. Sensitivity achieved in this method is sufficient to perform kinetic studies in humans.

Analysis of Kinetic and Operational Parameters in a Structured Model for Acrylic Acid Production through Experimental Design

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
B. H. Lunelli ◽  
E. C. Rivera ◽  
E. C. Vasco de Toledo ◽  
M. R. Wolf Maciel ◽  
R. Maciel Filho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Structured Model

Optimization of injection parameters for ethanol blends of plastic oil in VCR engine using RSM and ANN

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Datta Bharadwaz Yellapragada ◽  
Govinda Rao Budda ◽  
Kavya Vadavelli
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Purpose The present work aims at improving the performance of the engine using optimized fuel injection strategies and operating parameters for plastic oil ethanol blends. To optimize and predict the engine injection and operational parameters, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are used respectively. Design/methodology/approach The engine operating parameters such as load, compression ratio, injection timing and the injection pressure are taken as inputs whereas brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions are treated as outputs. The experiments are designed according to the design of experiments, and optimization is carried out to find the optimum operational and injection parameters for plastic oil ethanol blends in the engine. Findings Optimum operational parameters of the engine when fuelled with plastic oil and ethanol blends are obtained at 8 kg of load, injection pressure of 257 bar, injection timing of 17° before top dead center and blend of 15%. The engine performance parameters obtained at optimum engine running conditions are BTHE 32.5%, BSFC 0.24 kg/kW.h, CO 0.057%, HC 10 ppm, NOx 324.13 ppm and smoke 79.1%. The values predicted from ANN are found to be more close to experimental values when compared with the values of RSM. Originality/value In the present work, a comparative analysis is carried out on the prediction capabilities of ANN and RSM for variable compression ratio engine fuelled with ethanol blends of plastic oil. The error of prediction for ANN is less than 5% for all the responses such as BTHE, BSFC, CO and NOx except for HC emission which is 12.8%.

Optimization in trace atomic spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 333 (1628) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Variable Stepsize ◽  
Speed Computer ◽  
Computer Compatibility ◽  
Effective Procedures

Optimization of analytical instrumentation enables realization of potential and the valid comparisons of techniques, hence the interest in rigorous, mathematically based, optimization procedures. One of the most effective procedures is variable stepsize simplex. Using a simple algorithm, sets of initial operating parameters can be tested and instrumental,response evaluated. The worst response is rejected and a new set evaluated, thus in a logical manner the optimal conditions are identified. Particular benefits are speed, computer compatibility, relative freedom from false optima and the irrelevance of prior assumptions or knowledge about response surfaces

scholarly journals Designing Multifunctional Protective PVC Electrospun Fibers with Tunable Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Rivero ◽  
Iker Rosagaray ◽  
Juan P. Fuertes ◽  
José F. Palacio ◽  
Rafael J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Polymeric Precursor ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
First Time

In this work, the electrospinning technique is used for the fabrication of electrospun functional fibers with desired properties in order to show a superhydrophobic behavior. With the aim to obtain a coating with the best properties, a design of experiments (DoE) has been performed by controlling several inputs operating parameters, such as applied voltage, flow rate, and precursor polymeric concentration. In this work, the reference substrate to be coated is the aluminum alloy (60661T6), whereas the polymeric precursor is the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which presents an intrinsic hydrophobic nature. Finally, in order to evaluate the coating morphology for the better performance, the following parameters—such as fiber diameter, surface roughness (Ra, Rq), optical properties, corrosion behavior, and wettability—have been deeply analyzed. To sum up, this is the first time that DoE has been used for the optimization of superhydrophobic or anticorrosive surfaces by using PVC precursor for the prediction of an adequate surface morphology as a function of the input operational parameters derived from electrospinning process with the aim to validate better performance.

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