Optimization in trace atomic spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 333 (1628) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Variable Stepsize ◽  
Speed Computer ◽  
Computer Compatibility ◽  
Effective Procedures

Optimization of analytical instrumentation enables realization of potential and the valid comparisons of techniques, hence the interest in rigorous, mathematically based, optimization procedures. One of the most effective procedures is variable stepsize simplex. Using a simple algorithm, sets of initial operating parameters can be tested and instrumental,response evaluated. The worst response is rejected and a new set evaluated, thus in a logical manner the optimal conditions are identified. Particular benefits are speed, computer compatibility, relative freedom from false optima and the irrelevance of prior assumptions or knowledge about response surfaces

Exergetic and Energetic Response Surfaces for Small Turbojet Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 1054-1058
Author(s):  
Onder Turan ◽  
T. Hikmet Karakoc
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Turbojet Engine

Exergy analysis permits meaningful efficiencies to be evaluated for a system or process, and the sources, causes and locations of thermodynamic losses to be determined. This study presents exergetic modeling of a small turbojet engine via exergetic response surfaces. Turbojet engine consists of an inlet, a centrifugal compressor, reverse flow combustion chamber, axial-flow turbine and exhaust nozzle. The flight Mach number and altitude are examined on the exergetic efficiencies of total engine performance. The results of analysis are given as three dimensional exergetic response surface plots related to these operating parameters.

Three-Dimensional Electrode Used for Wastewater Containing Cu2+ from PCB Factory

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1574-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ling Wang ◽  
Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Optimal Experiment ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Plate Distance

To study the effects and optimal operating parameters of three-dimensional electrode electrolysis process for PCB wastewater containing Cu2+, the effects of electrolytic voltage, plate distance, material of plate, filling element and electrolyte were inspected to decide optimal experiment conditions. The experimental result showed that the optimal conditions were 3.0cm plate distance, steel ball as the filling material, 10V electrolytic voltage, and 45 min electrolytic time, and the removal rate of Cu2+ wastewater reaches 82.3%. The electricity costs were 1.11 yuan/m3.

Creatine kinase response surfaces explored by use of factorial experiments and simplex maximization.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Fast ◽  
E J Sampson ◽  
V S Whitner ◽  
M Ali
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sensitivity Reaction

Abstract We conducted a five-component, five-level response-surface experiment to optimize the pH and the concentrations of magnesium, creatine phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and buffer in an assay for creatine kinase. Under optimal conditions, creatine kinase activity was about 5% greater than that obtained with a previously reported assay (Clin Chem 23: 1569, 1977). We also applied a simplex maximization algorithm to the response-surface equation to locate areas of maximum sensitivity. Reaction conditions for two such areas were found, each yielding approximately 11% more activity than with the previously reported method.

Study on mitigating membrane fouling based on precursor and flocculant Alb matching in EC/O-UF system

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1715-1724
Author(s):  
Fei Su ◽  
Ying-Hua Li ◽  
Wen-He Deng ◽  
Hai-Bo Li ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
By Products

Abstract One of the effective ways to remove halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) from drinking water is the application of ultrafiltration technology. However, membrane fouling is an important factor affecting the service life and treatment effect. In this study, the electrocoagulation/oxidation-ultrafiltration (EC/O-UF) process was used to remove the precursor substance that produced DBPs, i.e. dissolved organic matters (DOMs). Operating parameters were optimized from the matching of different flocculant morphology to low concentration DOM. The degree of membrane fouling was characterized by analyzing DOMs concentration and membrane flux. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the production of Alb were: current density 10 A/m2, hydraulic retention time 10 min, and initial pH 5.0–7.0. Under these conditions, the production of flocculant Alb could reach 58–61%, 94–97% DOMs were removed by EC/O-UF.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the influence of a combination of operating parameters of a mobile lift on oscillatory processes occurring after locking the working platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Igor Kyrychenko ◽  
Oleksandr Reznikov ◽  
Dmytro Klets ◽  
Anton Kholodov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Vibration Damping ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Oscillatory Processes

The article provides a detailed analysis of the influence of the combination of performance indicators of mobile lifts with working platforms (MLWP) at the stage of stopping and the process of vibration damping after stopping the working platform. On the basis of the results of experimental research and processing of the obtained data, an analysis was made of the influence of the angles of inclination of the upper and lower sections of the boom and the mass of the load in the working platform on the maximum amplitude of oscillations of accelerations when the working platform is locked, the period of oscillations and the time of their damping. As a result of the analysis, the spectrum of the response surfaces of the maximum amplitude of acceleration oscillations when the working platform is locked, the period of oscillations and the time of their damping from the working mass and the angles of inclination of the lower and upper boom sections was obtained, on the basis of which it can be concluded that the value of the maximum amplitude of acceleration oscillations in the locking time of the working platform is most influenced by the mass of the load in the working platform.

scholarly journals Modeling and optimization of experimental parameters in the treatment of effluents by coagulation-flocculation processes: Methodology of experimental design

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane hanane Arroub ◽  
Ahmed El Harfi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Experimental Parameters

The objective of this study is to determine the optimal conditions of the operational parameters: type of flocculant (chitosan(s) and ferrocryl®8723), dose of flocculant (0.1g/L at 0.5g/L) and pH (6 to 9) in the treatment of hot dip galvanizing effluents using coagulation/flocculation processes. The optimization of these parameters is done by the methodology of experimental design which allowed us to predict the optimal conditions. The concerned results, especially the theoretical operating parameters, allowed us to give a better reduction of the TSS, BOD5 and COD in the optimal conditions namely: the pH of about 9, the type of flocculant is chitosan(s) with a dose of 0.2g/L.

scholarly journals Study of the degradation in aqueous solution of a refractory organic compound: avermectin type used as pesticide in agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1966-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athir Boukhrissa ◽  
Fatiha Ferrag-Siagh ◽  
Lina-Mounia Rouidi ◽  
Smaïn Chemat ◽  
Hamid Aït-Amar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Central Composite

We examined the removal of abamectin by the electro-Fenton (EF) process and the feasibility of biological treatment after degradation. The effect of the operating parameters showed that abamectin (Aba) degradation was enhanced with increasing temperature. Response surface analysis of the central composite design led to the following optimal conditions for the abatement of chemical oxygen demand: 45.5 °C, 5 mg L−1, 150 mA, and 0.15 mmol L−1 for the temperature, initial Aba concentration, current intensity, and catalyst concentration, respectively. Under these conditions, 68.01% of the organic matter was removed and 94% of Aba was degraded after 5 h and 20 min of electrolysis, respectively. A biodegradability test, which was performed on a solution electrolyzed at 47 °C, 9 mg L−1, 150 mA, and 0.15 mmol L−1, confirms that the ratio of biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand increased appreciably from 0.0584 to 0.64 after 5 h of electrolysis. This increased ratio is slightly above the limit of biodegradability (0.4). These results show the relevance of the EF process and its effectiveness for abamectin degradation. We conclude that biological treatment can be combined with the EF process for total mineralization.

Extraction of inulin using super critical fluid extractor

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Raju Renuka ◽  
Pusparaju Subhapriya ◽  
Kulathooran Ramalakshmi ◽  
Adhiaman Siddhu
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Super critical fluid extraction was employed for the extraction of inulin from chicory roots and Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the effects of processing of extraction yield of inulin considering parameters such as solvent ratio, pressure (bar) and temperature (oC). Tri-dimensional response surfaces and optimal conditions were determined. Contour plots were determined from the mathematical model. In accordance with super critical fluid extraction, maximum inulin yield was obtained as 0.8% at the temperature of 40oC and 100 bar pressure. Conventional extraction technique yields a maximum inulin content of 6.22 % with a solvent ratio of 1:30 at a temperature of 70oC and time 30 mins while the yield of extract (Total soluble solids) was estimated to be 59.09%. Super critical fluid extraction may be used for the extraction of inulin from the roots of chicory for its use as a nutraceutical in functional applications.

Research on Cationic Reverse Flotation of Magnetic Concentrate Using a Flotation Column

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1497-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhi Wang ◽  
Fu Ping Li ◽  
Qing Lei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Reverse Flotation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Iron Recovery ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
Flotation Column ◽  
Conditional Tests ◽  
Reverse Floatation

An experimental research to improve the grade of a magnetic concentrate from a concentrator using the cationic reverse floatation technology in the countercurrent bubble contact flotation column was conducted. The conditional tests of the pharmaceutical system and the flotation column operating parameters were done. The results show that the iron concentrate with the grade of 70.06% and iron recovery of 93.18% can be achieved according to the flow sheet o f one roughing and two scavengings under the optimal conditions. And the tailing grade is 12.08%.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

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