Mind the gaps: Universal Credit and self-employment in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Kevin Caraher ◽  
Enrico Reuter

Self-employment in the United Kingdom rose steadily until 2017, as part of wider changes in labour markets towards more flexible and potentially more vulnerable forms of employment. At the same time, welfare reform has continued under the current and previous governments, with a further expansion of conditionality with respect to benefit recipients. The incremental introduction of Universal Credit is likely to intensify the subjection of vulnerable categories of the self-employed to welfare conditionalities and to thus accentuate the ambivalent nature of self-employment. This article analyses the impact of Universal Credit on the self-employed by first discussing elements of precarity faced by the self-employed, and, second, by exploring the consequences of the roll-out of Universal Credit for those self-employed people who are reliant on the social protection system.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin

AbstrakPontianak mendapat perhatian kolonial Belanda setelah Inggris melakukan perdagangan di Kalimantan Barat. Persaingan dagang antara Belanda dan Inggris membawa pengaruh bagi perdagangan di Pontianak. Kemajuan perdagangan menarik perhatian kolonial Belanda untuk menguasai Pontianak. Kolonial Belanda membatasi kekuasaan Sultan Pontianak melalui perjanjian-perjanjian membawa dampak sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan budaya. Eksploitasi kolonial Belanda melahirkan perubahan-perubahan baru dalam hubungan kekuasaan kongsi-kongsi Cina dan monopoli perdagangan di Pontianak. Kolonial Belanda semakin mempertegas kekuasaannya di Pontianak setelah Inggris mengesahkan James Brooke sebagai wakil pemerintahannya di Kalimantan Utara. Terdapat interelasi yang dinamis antara perubahan struktur politik dan ekonomi terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat di Pontianak. Hubungan komunikasi melalui jaringan perdagangan antarpulau telah mendorong para pedagang sebagai komunitas baru membentuk dan mendirikan perkampungan suku bangsa di Pontianak. Hubungan yang dinamis antara Pontianak dengan daerah-daerah di Kalimantan Barat terutama Sambas, Mempawah, Landak, Sanggau, Sintang, Matan, dan Sukadana telah membawa kemajuan politik dan ekonomi Pontianak sebagai pusat perdagangan dan pemerintahan Residen Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yaitu studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan data-data sejarah, dengan menguraikan suatu peristiwa ke dalam bagian-bagiannya dalam rangka memahami kebijakan politik dan perdagangan kolonial Belanda di Pontianak. Abstract Pontianak had an attention of Dutch colonial after British trade in West Kalimantan. Trade competition between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom had an impact on trade in Pontianak. The pprogress attract the attention of Dutch colonial to master Pontianak. The Dutch Colonial control the power of the Sultan of Pontianak through agreements and bring the impact in the social, political, economic, and cultural. Dutch colonial exploitation brought changes in the power relations of chinesse allied and the monopoly of trade in Pontianak. The Dutch colonial emphasized rule in Pontianak after United Kingdom endorses James Brooke as a representative government in North Kalimantan.There is a dynamic interrelation changes in political and economic that brought change social structures in Pontianak. The communication links through a network of inter-island trade has prompted traders as new communities formed and founded the settlement of ethnic groups in Pontianak. The dynamic relationship between Pontianak and West Kalimantan areas such as Sambas, Mempawah, Landak, Sanggau, Sintang, Matan, and Sukadana has brought political and economic progress.And declared Pontianak as a center of commerce and government Resident West Kalimantan. This study uses the history of the literature by collecting historical data, describing an event into its parts in order to understand the political and trade policies of the colonial Dutch in Pontianak.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gagnon

This article explores the limits of student engagement in higher education in the United Kingdom through the social construction of student activists within media discourses. It scrutinises the impact of dominant neoliberal discourses on the notion of student engagement, constructing certain students as legitimately engaged whilst infantilising and criminalising those who participate in protest. Exploring media coverage of and commentary on students engaged in activism, from the 2010 protests against university fee increases and from more recent activism in 2016, the article draws upon Sara Ahmed’s (2014) Willful Subjects and Imogen Tyler’s (2013) Revolting Subjects to examine critically the ways in which some powerful discourses control and limit which activities, practices and voices can be recognised as legitimate forms of student engagement.


Author(s):  
Stijn Oosterlynck ◽  
Andreas Novy ◽  
Yuri Kazepov

In this chapter, we draw a range of overall conclusions from our case-study based investigation of how local social innovations operate as vehicles of welfare reform. We reflect on the impact of the increased interest of policy-makers in social innovation and on the relationship between social innovation and other social policy paradigms, notably the established paradigm of social protection and its main contender, the social investment paradigm. We also discuss our main findings with regard to the mix of actors, resources and instruments supporting localized social innovations, the multi-scalar nature social innovations, its empowerment dimension and relationship with knowledge. Finally, we look at the consolidation of social innovation in specific welfare-institutional contexts.


Author(s):  
Pauline Leonard ◽  
Rachel J. Wilde

This chapter provides an overview of the book by drawing out four key themes which emerged through the chapters as of key significance for understanding youth employability in the United Kingdom: regionality, social inequality, liminality and risk. Taking each of these in turn, the chapter demonstrates how the pervasive force of neoliberalism shapes youth employment policy and youth labour markets in the diverse regions of the UK. In order to ‘get in’ and then to ‘get on’, Britain’s young people must demonstrate neoliberal qualities such as individualisation, responsibilisation and resilience to risk. At the same time, the ability to perform this version of the self is powerfully shaped by social structure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Michelle L James

The Sustainable Development Goals 2030 call for an end to poverty in all its forms everywhere through the adoption of integrated social protection policies. However, recent literature suggests an implicit and explicit discrimination towards asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs) in United Kingdom social policy, leading to high rates of destitution, poor health and isolation. Due to the limited nature of UK government support, many ASRs become involved with semi-formal and informal social protection. This systematic literature review synthesizes existing qualitative literature that documents the impact of these interventions on the wellbeing of adult ASRs in the United Kingdom. The literature offers useful insights into asylum seeker and refugee perceptions of wellbeing, agency, and support responsibility, and how their interaction with social protection providers constrains or enables the realization of their fundamental human needs. The findings demonstrate that government support is inadequate to meet the needs of many asylum seekers and refugees, leading to disempowerment, lack of agency and exploitation. Positive wellbeing outcomes are linked to semi-formal and informal interventions, summarized into six categories: the positive impact of volunteering; physical space and intentional gathering; practical and material support; training and skills development; solidarity, inclusion and understanding; and peer support and advice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4 (178)) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Trąbka ◽  
Iga Wermińska-Wiśnicka

Ambiguous impact of Brexit on young Poles living in the United Kingdom The paper aims to analyse the impact of Brexit on the social anchoring of young Poles in the United Kingdom in four spheres of their lives: decision and return plans; application for British citizenship; buying properties; well-being and life satisfaction. The article is based on research conducted within the project „CEEYouth: The comparative study of young migrants from Poland and Lithuania in the context of Brexit”. We also handle statistics data from the Office for National Statistics as well as qualitative data from three waves of Qualitative Longitudinal Research of 41 young (aged 19–34) Polish post-accession migrants in the UK. We find that it is hard to unambiguously assess the impact of Brexit on the mentioned spheres of young Poles’ lives. Firstly, it is caused by the fact that different sources of data show results which are contrasting and secondly, the reactions of people are dynamically changing within the lapse of time. Therefore, it could be surely said that Brexit has impacted the lives of young Polish migrants, but it has caused neither mass return, nor the general willingness to naturalise. Although the results of the Brexit referendum have caused disturbance amid many Poles, it has not impacted their life decisions or, according to statistics, their well-being.


Author(s):  
Alex Nicholls ◽  
Daniel Edmiston

This chapter explores in detail the evolution of social impact bonds (SIBs) in the United Kingdom as an example of social policy as social innovation. Specifically, it presents new analysis of three empirical cases in the United Kingdom. The chapter examines some key claims made by policy actors concerning SIBs as social innovation and welfare reform, specifically that they offer improved outcomes by means of innovating hybrid collaboration. The relevance of such claims in the context of addressing sites of marginalization is also discussed with reference to theoretical approaches from the Social Grid model.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Andrea Circolo ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The ques­tion of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adop­tion of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was intro­duced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automa­tism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.


2021 ◽  
pp. 203228442199492
Author(s):  
Catherine Van de Heyning

The submission discusses the provisions in the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement on data protection as well as the consequences for the exchange of passenger name record data in the field of criminal and judicial cooperation. The author concludes that the impact of the Agreement will depend on the resolvement of the United Kingdom to uphold the standards of protection of personal data equivalent to the EU’s in order to reach an adequacy decision.


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