The Importance of Collective Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Anna Coote
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Collective Control ◽  
The Commons

Attempts at improving state-citizen cooperation will fail unless the protagonists ensure that citizens share control over the process with their counterparts in the state on a genuinely equal footing. This chapter focuses on collective control and the pivotal importance of confidence – the perception that it is possible to influence decisions and make things happen, or prevent things happening – for the benefit of the community. Drawing on published findings as well as the New Economics Foundation’s own field research, it considers how systems in state institutions can be geared to build the confidence and capacity of citizens to collaborate constructively with public sector policy makers. The second part of the chapter examines collective control and state-citizen co-operation in relation to ‘the commons’: resources that are essential for human survival and flourishing. It shows how the ‘commoning’ movement will help to test the limits of both citizen and state control, as well as the potential of state-citizen cooperation.

Studying the History of the State Control in the Russian Empire During the Period of the Duma Monarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ziqiu Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers

After the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Russia as a result of the 1905–1906 reforms, the position of the Russian State Control (imperial audit service) changed. Formerly relatively independent, the State Control, whose head was directly accountable to the Emperor, now found itself in the united government, i.e. the Council of Ministers. The undermined independence of the State Control provoked a wide public discussion, which involved Duma deputies, employees of the State Control as well as competent Russian economists and financial experts, who made relevant recommendations calling for reducing the number of state institutions that were unaccountable to the audit service and giving the latter more independence. This paper analyses the key works of pre-revolutionary authors published in the early 20th century and devoted to the history of the State Control of the Russian Empire. Both in the imperial period and today, the Russian audit institution, in contrast with political, historical and military topics, has been of primary interest not to historians, but to economists, financiers and lawyers, since it requires special knowledge of the State Control’s technical mechanisms. Based on this, the author selected the following works that require thorough examination: How People’s Money Is Spent in Russia by I.Kh. Ozerov, On the Transformation of the State Control by Yu.V. Tansky, an official anniversary edition State Control. 1811–1911, and Essays on the Russian Budget Law. Part 1 by L.N. Yasnopolsky. The author of this article considers these works to be the highest quality studies on the Russian State Control at the beginning of the 20th century and their analysis to be of unquestionable importance for contemporary research into the history of the Russian audit institution.

Public Sector in the Transformation Economy of Ukraine: Macroeconomic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s296-s317
Author(s):  
Yuliia Samborska-Muzychko ◽  
Iryna Parasii-Verhunenko ◽  
Oksana Pashchenko ◽  
Liubov Budniak ◽  
Oksana Salamin
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
State Sector ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
Market Relations

The purpose of the article is to study the conditions and prospects for the development of the state sector of the Ukrainian economy and to determine the functions and tasks of state-owned enterprises in a transformational economy. The information base of the empirical research is the data of the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine for 2014-2020. The methodological and methodical sources lie in the provisions of the economic code, the Classifier of institutional sectors of the economy. In the course of the research, the following methodological techniques were used as a comparison, modeling, series of dynamics, grouping, structural-dynamic, and coefficient analysis. The necessity of improving the existing regulatory mechanisms of transformation from state institutions and the development of new effective approaches to the functioning of the system of state entrepreneurship, which takes into account the features of the transformational economy and is based on international experience in building modern market relations and mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of the economic system, has been substantiated. The dynamics of the public sector share in the country's economy is analyzed, and the possible causes and consequences of these structural and dynamic changes are characterized. The results of the study are the proposed classification of types from state-owned enterprises, which is the basis for differentiating their functions and tasks depending on the goals of education, the characteristics of the activity, the structure of ownership, and the strategic priorities of the country's development. The necessity of the state-owned enterprises' sector reforming in the context of global integration is substantiated, as well as general directions and tools for implementing the reform of state-owned enterprises. 

scholarly journals ‘Traditional Authorities’ and Community Rights in Contemporary Mozambique: between Activism and Incorporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Martino
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
Ongoing Programme

Mozambique’s donor-inspired ongoing programme of ‘traditional authorities’ ‘(re-)integration’ carries considerable emancipatory potential for local communities in their relations with central political institutions and the globalized economy. By analysing ‘traditional authorities’’ specifically elaborated discourse and highlighting their agency within the dynamics emerging from state institutions’ attempts at ‘incorporating’ them in the sense indicated by Zenker and Hoehne, that is, to deny them all political auton-omy, this article aims to clarify ‘traditional’ leaders’ role in defending their own com-munities’ interests and rights vis-à-vis the state, private enterprises, and development actors/donors. Close examination of empirical data collected during field research in Inhambane province provides convincing evidence of traditional authorities’ general inability to develop effective discursive strategies for the representation and defence of their communities’ interests and rights. By choosing to retreat within the domain of spirituality and to cede much of their statutory prerogatives to more dynamic and bet-ter resourced actors, ‘traditional authorities’ end up accepting their ‘incorporation’ into the institutional structure of the state as merely symbolic objects and sources of inter-nal as well as international legitimacy, thus obliterating their role as natural repre-sentatives of their communities.

scholarly journals Arbitrary States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tapscott
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
The State ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Sub Saharan

In recent years, scholars of authoritarianism have noted a trend in which institutions designed to check arbitrary power have been hollowed out to facilitate its exercise. As they grapple with how to understand the disjunct between state institutions and enforcement power, scholars of sub-Saharan African states have been doing so for decades. Based on in-depth field research on local security in Museveni’s Uganda, Tapscott offers an innovative and provocative contribution to studies of authoritarianism and state consolidation: rulers maintain control by creating unpredictability in the everyday lives of local authorities and ordinary citizens. In this type of modern authoritarian regime, rulers institutionalize arbitrariness to limit the space for political action, while they keep citizens marginally engaged in the democratic process. By showing not just that unpredictability matters for governance, but also how it is manufactured and sustained, this book challenges and extends cutting-edge scholarship on authoritarianism, the state, and governance.

FINANCIAL STABILITY MANAGEMENT OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
E. A. RUSETSKAYA ◽  
◽  
L. V. AGARKOVA ◽  
V. V. AGARKOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Individual State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Insurance Business

When substantiating the relevance of management decisions to ensure the financial stability of insurance companies, both for the insurers themselves and for individual state institutions, it is necessary to point out the tightening of the practice of state control and regulation of the insurance business in order to comply with the requirements of insurance legislation, protect the interests and rights of policyholders, insurers, the state and other subjects of the insurance market. The article is devoted to the study of the issues of financial stability of the insurance company and the substantiation of the mechanism for managing this category, which includes a sequence of interrelated stages. The priority directions for improving the mechanism for managing the financial stability of an insurance company are presented.

Welfare as Wrecking Ball: Constructing Public Responsibility in Legal Encounters Over Public Housing Demolition

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 670-700
Author(s):  
John N. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
Housing Demolition

Scholarship on welfare privatization illustrates how the process often curtails and undermines public responsibility for the poor. In this article, I examine how recipients, policy makers, and judges participate in the legal process as a means of challenging and defending privatization. I look at cases of litigation initiated by public housing tenants between 1985 and 2012 to fight the demolition of their homes to explore the changing meaning of public responsibility within a shrinking public sector. My findings show that as legislative and administrative reforms steered courts toward a more flexible understanding of public responsibility, courts gave increasing attention to the economic hardships experienced by the state itself, while downplaying the plight of low-income tenants.

scholarly journals A Lesson from two Failed Foreign Investments: the Foreign (Ad)Venture of two Finnish State-Owned Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Kari Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
State Control ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Political Interests

As an organisational failure may teach more than an organisational success, this article describes the failed foreign investments of two Finnish stateowned enterprises (SOEs), namely Sonera and Stora Enso. In 2000, Sonera acquired a mobile phone licence in Germany and Italy for USD 4,000 million. Two years later, it turned out that the licence was worthless. In turn, Stora Enso acquired an American paper firm for USD 5,000 million in 2000, but seven years later Stora Enso sold this US unit at a loss of USD 2,000–3,000 million. These two cases reveal that the major reason for these failures was the inability of SOE management to predict business development. Other major reasons for failure were the conflicting motives of the management and the company (the main shareholder), and inadequate state control. Passive control of the state may encourage SOE management to exercise adventurous investment policies and take major risks. In Sonera’s case, unrealistic risk taking led to serious financial difficulties, and finally, to a forced sale of the entire group to Telia, the Swedish telecom company. Stora Enso’s stronger financial position saved it from an organisational failure. A lesson to policy-makers: a responsible minister and the minister’s subordinates should exercise a more active ownership policy and keep the political interests of his/her party subordinate to the strategic interests of the state. Recent public discussion on SOE governance in Finland reveals that the Finnish Government still experiences difficulties in fully digesting the wisdom of the OECD Guidelines of Corporate Governance of StateOwned Enterprises. 

scholarly journals The Regulation of Religious Affairs in Taiwan: From State Control toLaisser-faire?

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Laliberté
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
Religious Actors

This article looks at Taiwan's policy towards religion to show that non-Western societies can also achieve what Alfred Stepan called a “twin toleration” wherein the state does not intervene in religious affairs, and religion does not seek to control the state. The paper shows the sets of constraints in which policy-makers struggling for an adequate way to deal with religion operate. They have to choose among a variety of models in democratic societies, to take into account the legacy of the authoritarian era, and to consider the specificities of Taiwan's situation, influenced by a Chinese cultural heritage, Japanese colonialism and observations from other parts of the world. The paper then describes how these constraints have influenced the major stages in the evolution of relations between state and religions in Taiwanese society and then argue that the state had yet to reach a consensus up until 2008 on the legislation of religion because of disagreements between different religious actors.

Income Inequality, Democracy, and Public Sector Size

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol-Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Unbalanced Panel Data ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

This study synthesizes and tests explanations of how public sector size and democracy affect income inequality. The results, based on unbalanced panel data for 64 developing and developed countries and a total of 341 observations from 1970 to 1994, show that a strong interaction between democracy and public sector development explains withincountry income inequality. Public sector expansion translates into worse distributional outcomes in nondemocracies or limited democracies because the state is more inclined to support the development of particular core industries or client populations in urban formal sectors through targeted taxation or transfer systems. On the other hand, the larger public sector size leads to better distributional outcomes in fully institutionalized democracies because the democratic political mechanisms enable the state institutions to be more responsive to the demands of lower classes and more committed to achieving better distributional outcomes. This study demonstrates that democracy is associated with inequality as an institutional background that converts the effects of public sector size on inequality from positive to negative by strengthening the hegemony of equity orientation within state institutions.

scholarly journals Dancing in the Danube Gorge: Geography, dance, and interethnic perspectives

New Sound ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Selena Rakočević
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Boundary ◽  
Summer Time

This paper will look at dance practices of Romanian and Serbian villagers along the Danube Gorge which historically functioned as a natural and political boundary. Opportunities for dancing in all villages in the Gorge are still very common and frequented especially during the summer time. Based on my field research, carried out since 2011, the paper examines the contemporary dance practice of this region. My methodological orientation will be based on the ethnochoreological investigation of diverse repertoires, but also diverse dance structures as "predictable" dance texts designated during previous times as Romanian or Serbian, which are interpolated by the villagers. The notion of geographical place considered in the sense of a distinct "culture area", which, according to Bruno Nettl is grounded in the history of ethnomusicology, but also ethnochoreology, will be challenged by applying Martin Stokes' concept of (geographical) place as a social construction which involves notions of difference and social boundary. The following question will be raised: In what way does contemporary village dancing in the Danube Gorge correspond to the idea of establishing Romanian society as a part of the New Europe? In what way does the current (re)positioning of this historically and geographically distinct territory influence its contemporary dance practice? How is the concept of the ethnic dance (Romanian and Serbian) recognized both by insiders (villagers) and outsiders (the State institutions and scholars) and does this correspond to the new social and political context of contemporary Romanian society?

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