Climate Change, Conflicts and Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-82
Author(s):  
Lisa Thalheimer ◽  
Christian Webersik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on climate conflicts from a political economy perspective. Using the example of droughts in Somalia, the chapter investigates the different drivers of conflict and fragility over time, as well as the relation of changing actors in conflict, environmental disruptions and mixed migration. The chapter shows that there is no empirical evidence to state that climate change per se will increase the number of conflicts and migration. Instead, pre-existing conflicts exacerbate environmental problems that weaken local and national governance arrangements, as well as society’s capacities to deal with climatic shocks, which then can increase migration. However, the authors argue that these relations have to be seen with caution, as conflict-induced and climate-related migration cannot be yet clearly disentangled empirically. Thus, the authors conclude the need for streamlined, flexible governance measures to address climate conflicts.

scholarly journals The Case Against Patents

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Boldrin ◽  
David K Levine
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
The Political ◽  
General Equilibrium Effect ◽  
Equilibrium Effect ◽  
Over Time

The case against patents can be summarized briefly: there is no empirical evidence that they serve to increase innovation and productivity, unless productivity is identified with the number of patents awarded—which, as evidence shows, has no correlation with measured productivity. Both theory and evidence suggest that while patents can have a partial equilibrium effect of improving incentives to invent, the general equilibrium effect on innovation can be negative. A properly designed patent system might serve to increase innovation at a certain time and place. Unfortunately, the political economy of government-operated patent systems indicates that such systems are susceptible to pressures that cause the ill effects of patents to grow over time. Our preferred policy solution is to abolish patents entirely and to find other legislative instruments, less open to lobbying and rent seeking, to foster innovation when there is clear evidence that laissez-faire undersupplies it. However, if that policy change seems too large to swallow, we discuss in the conclusion a set of partial reforms that could be implemented

scholarly journals Climate Change, Natural Disasters, and Migration—a Survey of the Empirical Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Berlemann ◽  
Max Friedrich Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
And Migration

The Development Paradigm and Its Critics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Inherent Component ◽  
Over Time

Development cannot be separated from global political economy, but it is an inherent component of the latter. The concept of development was popularized through expansion of colonization, and underwent various transformations as the socio-political structure of the world changed over time. Thus, the central task of development theory is to determine and explain why some countries are underdeveloped and how these countries can develop. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. Accordingly, different development paradigms have emerged upon which different scholars have shown profound interests and to which they gave extensive criticisms—modernization, dependency, Marxism, postcolonialism, and globalization. With the recent emergence of the post-modern critique of development, power has become an important subject in the discourse of development. Nevertheless, a full theoretical understanding of the relations between power and development is still in its fledgling stage. Though highly apparent in human societies, social power per se is a polylithic discourse with no unified definition and implication, which has led different proponents of development paradigms to understand power differently. Although there is a dialectic contradiction between the different dialogic paradigms, the reality of development theory is that there is a large choice of theories and models from which field practicioners will draw pragmatically the most appropriate elements, or they will create their own model adapted to the situation.

Renewable Resource Scarcity, Conflicts and Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Tobias Ide
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Based on an extensive overview of academic debates on renewable resource scarcity, conflict and migration, this chapter examines whether and how scarcity of renewable resources increases the risk of violent conflicts and how this can affect migration flows. The chapter introduces the most important theoretical frameworks that link renewable resource scarcity to conflict and then considers the existing empirical evidence on such linkages. While pathways leading to conflicts are still not well understood and empirical evidence is mixed, the chapter highlights that increased renewable resource scarcity is more likely to lead to low intensity conflicts, which in turn tend to trigger short distance migration. Thus, the role of governance is more effective if it takes place in a variety of institutions and on local and sub-national levels instead of centralized or international governance arrangements. However, the chapter concludes, relationships are complex and context-dependent.

Conclusion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Over Time

This book has examined how private rule makers are contributing to the management of global environmental problems by rethinking the meaning of private authority. It has shown that private authority is diffused through and among a diverse set of actors, creating multiple loci for rule-making and governance. It has also distinguished two different types of private authority: delegated authority and entrepreneurial authority. This concluding chapter summarizes the book's findings and considers their theoretical implications—namely, appropriate ways to evaluate the effects of private authority in world politics. It suggests potential contributions of private authority to the climate change regime as it moves forward. Finally, it outlines future avenues for inquiry, situating this study within a much broader set of questions about institutional complexity and density and the effects of private authority over time.

The Migration-Crime Nexus and the Press in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Alexander A Caviedes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Press ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the link between migrants and crime as portrayed in the European press. Examining conservative newspapers from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2016, the study situates the press coverage in each individual country within a comparative perspective that contrasts the frequency of the crime narrative to that of other prominent narratives, as well as to that in the other countries. The article also charts the prevalence of this narrative over time, followed by a discussion of which particular aspects of crime are most commonly referenced in each country. The findings suggest that while there has been no steady increase in the coverage of crime and migration, the press securitizes migration by focusing on crime through a shared emphasis on human trafficking and the non-European background of the perpetrators. However, other frames advanced in these newspapers, such as fraud or organized crime, comprise nationally distinctive characteristics.

Cultivating Ice over Time: On the Idea of Timeless Knowledge and Places in the Himalayas

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Indian Himalayas ◽  
Over Time

Assumptions that local communities have an endogenous capacity to adapt to climate change stemming from time-tested knowledge and an inherent sense of community that prompts mobilisation are becoming increasingly common in material produced by international organisations. This discourse, which relies on ahistorical and apolitical conceptions of localities and populations, is based on ideas of timeless knowledge and places. Analysing the water-place nexus in Ladakh, in the Indian Himalayas, through a close study of glacier practices as they change over time, the article argues that local knowledge is subject to change and must be analysed in light of changing conceptions and experiences of place by the state and by local populations alike.

The Evolutionary Political Economy of Climate Change: Utopia Competition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Almudi ◽  
Francisco FatassVillafranca ◽  
Jason Potts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Economy

Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Political News ◽  
Negative Tone ◽  
Election News ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes media malaise theories and their consequences for legitimacy. These theories argue that the increasing availability of information through new and old media and increasingly negative tone of media are to blame for declining legitimacy. The chapter examines these claims by providing a systematic review of empirical research on media and political support. It first investigates whether news coverage has become more negative over time, and then examines the micro process that might explain the link between media coverage and political support. Empirical evidence suggests that where coverage has become more negative, this occurred before the 1990s and has levelled off since, and is concentrated primarily in election news. Negative political news does have a modest impact on political support once controlled for level of education, but that effect can be positive and negative, depending on the medium, the receiver, and the indicator of political support.

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