Conclusion: Ethnic Segregation Is Not Increasing

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Ron Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
State Schools ◽  
Major Data

The book has examined ethnic segregation between English state schools and whether it has increased or decreased over the years since the last major data collection – the national Census of 2011. It has found that high levels of ethnic segregation do exist across schools between the majority White British population and some other ethnic groups such as the Bangladeshi and Pakistani, more so at the primary than secondary level of schooling, and more for those of greater affluence amongst the White British. However, the general trend has been towards desegregation and greater ethnic diversity within local authority areas and their schools. Because school intakes are broadly comparable in their ethnic composition to the characteristics of their surrounding neighbourhoods so as neighbourhoods have become more diverse so too have schools.

Ethnic Segregation Between Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Ron Johnston
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
School Level ◽  
Present System ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
State Schools

This book provides a new study of ethnic segregation across English state schools in the period from 2011 to 2017. It examines whether patterns of school-level segregation decreased or increased over the period, how those patterns compare with patterns of residential segregation, whether particular types of schools are associated with greater ethnic separations, and whether socio-economic differences add to the geographies of ethnic segregation. We find that high levels of ethnic segregation do exist between the majority White British and some other ethnic groups such as the Bangladeshi and Pakistani, more so at the primary than secondary level of schooling, and increased also for the more affluent of the White British. However, there is no compelling evidence that ethnic segregation is increasing – instead, the general trend is towards desegregation and greater ethnic diversity within local authority areas and their schools. Nor is there persuasive evidence that ethnic segregation is exacerbated greatly (at least, not directly) by the present system of school choice because school intakes appear comparable to the characteristics of their surrounding neighbourhoods in their ethnic composition.

Skills for Life: Social Skills for Inter-Ethnic Cohesion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Alan
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Peer Violence

Social skills are essential to building empowered and cohesive communities in ethnic diversity. In a world with massive population movements and growing anti-immigrant sentiments, schools stand out as important platforms to instill key social skills into our children to build inter-ethnic cohesion. Achieving this requires the implementation of rigorously tested educational actions. This brief provides the evaluation results of a particular educational program that was implemented in a high-stakes context where the ethnic composition of schools changed abruptly due to a massive refugee influx. The program significantly lowered peer violence and ethnic segregation in schools, and improved prosociality in children.

Worshiping across the Color Line: The Influence of Congregational Composition on Whites’ Friendship Networks and Racial Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Polson ◽  
Kevin D. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
American Society ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Religious participation has reinforced the color line in American society for generations. Despite rising racial and ethnic diversity across U.S. communities, most Americans continue to belong to congregations composed primarily of others from their own racial/ethnic groups. Yet recent scholarship suggests that the presence of multiple racial or ethnic groups in the same congregation is increasing. The authors examine how the racial/ethnic composition of U.S. congregations is related to white attenders’ friendship networks and comfort with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). Using national survey data, the authors find that whites in multiracial congregations report more diverse friendship networks and higher levels of comfort with nonwhites than do whites in nonmultiracial congregations. However, the influence of worshipping with another race/ethnicity seems to be most pronounced for whites in congregations with Hispanics. Moreover, neighbors and friends of other races have more impact on whites’ friendship networks and attitudes than do congregations. The authors discuss implications of these findings for understanding U.S. intergroup relations and the potential of congregations to address the color line.

scholarly journals Ukrainians in Belarus: distribution and ethnolinguistic processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-807
Author(s):  
Andrii I. Zubyk
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
General Term ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Language Assimilation ◽  
Dense Concentration

The article analyzes the distribution and ethnolinguistic processes in the environment of the Ukrainian diaspora in Belarus. Because of the fact that the part of Ukrainian ethnic territory (currently Brest region) is located in Belarus, not all Ukrainians living in the country can be correctly named a diaspora. To avoiding terminology-related complications, in the article we use the general term Ukrainian diaspora. The study is based on the results of censuses conducted in Belarus after 1991. The article analyzes the ethnic environment of residence of the Ukrainian diaspora based on the ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic criteria of the censuses. In particular, using mathematical and statistical methods of analysis of the ethnic composition of the country’s population, we estimated such indicators as the index of ethnic diversity, ethnic mosaic, socio-ethnic density, etc. These indicators were estimated for districts and the largest cities of Belarus, taking into account the largest ethnic groups living in the country. The result of these estimations was the creation of a number of thematic maps that complement the article. The study highlights the areas of compact residence of Ukrainians, identifies districts and cities where the number of Ukrainians changed the most and the least during the inter-census periods of 1999–2009 and 2009–2019. The dynamics of the number and settlement of Ukrainians in the Ukrainian ethnic territories is analyzed. In this context, it was found that in addition to the Brest region, there is a dense concentration of Ukrainians in the capital, major cities of the country, a number of district centers in the southwestern part of the country. It was determined that the share of Ukrainians living in cities is growing. The growth rate of the number of Ukrainians for the period between 2009 and 2019 in the largest cities of the country ranges from + 7% (Mogilev) to 77.45% (Novopolotsk). It was found that the country is monoethnic in its ethnic composition based on the analysis of a number of indicators related to the ethnic composition of the population of Belarus. A more diverse ethnic composition of the population and therefore higher rates were recorded in large cities and areas densely populated with individual ethnic groups (Russians, Poles and Ukrainians). The Ukrainian diaspora in the country is undergoing processes of Russification, the share of Ukrainians who indicate Ukrainian as their mother tongue is declining. The share of Ukrainians whose native language is Belarusian is also declining. That is, it can be argued that Russification affects not only Ukrainians in Belarus, but also the Belarusians themselves. The research also revealed that villagers are more resistant to language assimilation,and Ukrainians in cities most often indicate Russian as their native language.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood Ethnic Composition and Social Participation of Young People in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (622) ◽  
pp. 2459-2521
Author(s):  
Elena Fumagalli ◽  
Laura Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Identification Strategy

Abstract We analyse how neighbourhood ethnic diversity and segregation affect adolescents’ social participation in England. We distinguish between participation in ‘purposeful activities’—such as sports and volunteering—and hanging around with friends. We suggest a novel identification strategy to address the problem of endogeneity of ethnic diversity and segregation. We find that ethnic diversity decreases hanging around, while ethnic segregation increases it. No effects on participation in purposeful activities are found.

scholarly journals HOW DIFFERENT HOMOPHILY PREFERENCES MITIGATE AND SPUR ETHNIC AND VALUE SEGREGATION: SCHELLING’S MODEL EXTENDED

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1850026
Author(s):  
ROCCO PAOLILLO ◽  
JAN LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Mutual Adaptation

In Schelling’s segregation model, agents of two ethnic groups reside in a regular grid and aim to live in a neighborhood that matches the minimum desired fraction of members of the same ethnicity. The model shows that observed segregation can emerge from people interacting under spatial constraints following homophily preferences. Even mild preferences can generate high degrees of segregation at the macro level. In modern, ethnically diverse societies, people might not define similarity based on ethnicity. Instead, shared tolerance towards ethnic diversity might play a more significant role, impacting segregation and integration in societies. With this consideration, we extend Schelling’s model by dividing the population of agents into value-oriented and ethnicity-oriented agents. Using parameter sweeping, we explore the consequences that the mutual adaptation of these two types of agents has on ethnic segregation, value segregation, and population density in the neighborhood. We examine for equally sized ethnic groups and for majority–minority conditions. The introduction of value-oriented agents reduces total ethnic segregation compared to Schelling’s original model, but the new value segregation appears to be more pronounced than ethnic segregation. Due to spillover effects, stronger ethnic homophily preferences lead not only to greater ethnic segregation, but also to more value segregation. Stronger value-orientation of the tolerant agents similarly leads to increased ethnic segregation of the ethnicity-oriented agents. Also, value-oriented agents tend to live in neighborhoods with more agents than ethnicity-oriented agents. In majority–minority settings, such effects appear to be more drastic for the minority than the majority ethnicity.

scholarly journals Maintaining ethnic dominance: Diversity, power, and violent repression

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Lykke Rørbæk ◽  
Allan Toft Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Ethnic Affiliation ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Republic

While ethnically diverse countries are generally believed to be more violent than homogenous ones, previous research has been unable to establish a clear connection between ethnic diversity and violent repression. We argue that political authorities’ tendency to violently repress their citizens cannot be explained by the ethnic composition of society per se but by the power distribution between ethnic groups. In a global sample of countries for the period 1977–2010, we find statistical evidence that the level of violent repression increases with the share of the population excluded from state power on the basis of ethnic affiliation. We combine this with a case study of the Republic of Guinea and conclude that political authorities come to see excluded ethnic groups as threats and rely on violent repression to maintain their ethnic dominance.

scholarly journals THE ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION OF RUSSIANS IN MONO- AND POLYETHNIC REGIONS: REPERTORY GRID ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Maximova ◽  
Daria A. Omelchenko ◽  
Oksana E. Noyanzina
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Grid Analysis ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
The Republic

The identity of ethnic Russians has been shaped in co-habitation with various ethnic groups and implementation of nation-building projects, where they always had special status and mission. Its peculiarities are important for understanding the actual inter-ethnic relations in Russia and perspectives of their development. A study based on the of repertory grid approach was conducted in two border regions with different ethnic composition – the Altai territory (mono-ethnic region, n = 543, 16 to 75 years) and the Republic of Altai (poly-ethnic region, n = 354, 16 to 75 years). It was found, that the most important characteristics for identification and evaluation of ethnic groups are related to security, social and economic position, mental similarity. In mono-ethnic region the image of Russians is constructed on the base of positive stereotypes and opposed to ethnic groups, perceived as different. In poly-ethnic region the self-perception is more differentiated, the ethnic identity acquires additional traits, bringing Russians and cohabitating groups closer. Our study has implications for theories of social identity and interethnic cooperation, as well as for the literature on national policy under cultural and ethnic diversity. It could be used for replication in the repertory grid analysis aimed at ethnic identity issues.

scholarly journals Alteration of the ethnic diversity and ethnic segregation index in Latvia during the first and second independence periods

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Ádám Németh ◽  
Guntis Šolks
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
Software Products ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
Baltic Area

It is a well-known fact that the Baltic area is traditionally one of the most diverse regions of Europe in terms of ethnic concerns; we can observe in many settlements that four or even five religions have their own churches, cemeteries and at least as many ethnic groups are having their schools etc. Regarding geography literature, no generally accepted method has been applied yet to measure the population’s diversity and spatial segregation; in most cases only the number and ratio of ethnic groups were described. This research paper proposes a different approach: the adaptation of the so-called Simpson’s Diversity Index, based on probability theory and originally used by ecologists to measure biodiversity, to human geography. The study seeks the answers to: where, when, why and how has the Ethnic Diversity and Ethnic Segregation Index changed in Latvia during the first and second independence periods? What kind of spatial patterns are possible to observe on the basis of the transformation? The enormous data is processed by modern GIS software products and projected on thematic maps.

Ethnic Segregation and Public Goods: Evidence from Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHKI TAJIMA ◽  
KRISLERT SAMPHANTHARAK ◽  
KAI OSTWALD
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Local Segregation

This article contributes to the study of ethnic diversity and public goods provision by assessing the role of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups. Through a new theory that we callspatial interdependence, we argue that the segregation of ethnic groups can reduce or even neutralize the “diversity penalty” in public goods provision that results from ethnic fractionalization. This is because local segregation allows communities to use disparities in the level of public goods compared with other communities as leverage when advocating for more public goods for themselves, thereby ratcheting up the level of public goods across communities. We test this prediction on highly disaggregated data from Indonesia and find strong support that, controlling for ethnic fractionalization, segregated communities have higher levels of public goods. This has an important and underexplored implication: decentralization disadvantages integrated communities vis-à-vis their more segregated counterparts.

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