PEOPLE AS A COLELCTIVE POLITICAL ACTOR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TUNISIA)

The article discusses the role of people as a collective actor in the Jasmine Revolution, which occurred in Tunisia at the beginning of 2011. The Tunisian revolution, that had aris-en from collective national sense of dignity and justice, was marked by its spontaneous character. It is shown, that this revolution was related neither to parties nor movements, preparing politically revolutionary renewing of the society. The revolution was guided neither by leaders nor authoritative persons. The program of country transformation also lacked. Taking into account positions of Tunisian scholars, the content of notion “people” and its changeable character, as well as its liberating function, manifesting during political reforms is revealed. Peculiarities of political transit during first months of its post-revolutionary development are analyzed.

REPRODUCTIVE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE ALTAI TERRITORY

The relevance of the research proposed in the article is determined by the fact that the reproduction of human capital determines the regional specifics of socio-demographic security. The purpose of the proposed article is to analyze the basic mechanism of crisis reproduction of the population of a typical border region of Russia, to identify the problems of institutionalization in the management of the regional security system. The factors and conditions of mutual determination of the processes of fertility and mortality by the social conditions of the population's existence in the regional society are analyzed. The approach of multivariate analysis of the research data is used, taking into account demographic, socio-psychological indicators. The results of an empirical verification of the concept of integrative social vulnerability are presented. Regional trends of a reduced level of population reproduction in the Altai Territory are described. It is concluded that the results of a comprehensive study of the economic, institutional, social, behavioral features of population reproduction allow not only to identify current trends, but also to suggest ways to optimize them.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The relevance of the research stipulated by the fact that health is the most important component of human capital, the quality of realization of human labor activity depends on its condition, and, hence, how useful it will be for both his family and the state as a whole. A significant part of the population in Russia does not have access to basic medical care, for many years there has been a decline in the population, and in terms of life expectancy, our country ranks 96th in the world. The aim of this work is to analyze the condition of health capital and health-saving behavior of the population in six border regions of Russia. The empirical basis is the data of the sociological survey conducted in 2020-2021 by the research team of the Altai State University. The main features of the behavior of the residents of the selected regions in preserving their own health revealed. When assessing their health, the respondents most often indicated average and good health. The majority of the population has chronic diseases, among which gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension and spinal diseases are the commonest. Almost half of the respondents do not consume alcohol and do not smoke, regularly see a doctor and do sports in order to stay healthy. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the assessment of the state of health of the population in the border regions, as well as their strategies of health-saving behavior. The practical value of the study consists in the presentation of actual assessments of the health capital of the population of the selected regions, allowing the state to take measures to improve the situation in the regions on this issue.

RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL PRACTICES DEVELOPMENT IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY (CASE STUDY OF THE VOLOGDA OBLAST)

Currently, the regions face with the need to implement new development strategies based on the maximum use of internal resources. One of the significant development factors is the social activity of the local population. This actualizes the study of social activity forms at the local level, which was the aim of this study. This aim predetermined the following tasks: determining the directions for social practices development in the region, identifying the degree of participation of the population in public life and the main barriers that prevent more active participation. The empirical information was based on the available statistical data on socially oriented non-profit organizations, as well as the results of the authors’ sociological survey. The study revealed insufficient development of social practices in the region; a characteristic feature of civic participation is the low involvement of Russians in formal volunteering and high informal volunteer activity. The data obtained through the case study give grounds to speak of the development of new practices, various civic initiatives. Within the framework of local communities, there are intense processes of collective integration, self-defense and self-organization at the level of everyday life. Civic participation, regardless of the format, can become one of the factors stimulating the self-development of territories, an additional resource for overcoming socio-economic challenges.

SOCIAL SECURITY IN REGIONAL SOCIETIES OF THE RUSSIAN BORDERLAND: INDIVIDUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

Social security in Russian regions is determined by a complex of global and all-Russian threats and unique local dangers and risks arising from the peculiarities of geographic, social, economic and socio-cultural development, historically developed features of social interactions of members of the regional community. Border regions as buffer zones between economic, political and cultural boundaries, have their own characteristics relevant to examine in the context of modernization of the Russian society, and needed to develop a differentiated approach in the regulation of regional development. Based on the results of a complex scientific research, including psychosemantic experiments and sociological surveys in six border regions of Russia, the authors analyze the peculiarities of perception of actual risks and threats and their main dimensions, evaluate security conditions, present models of individual and institutional factors of social security, among which the key the role is played by socio-demographic factors, the level of material well-being and human capital, as well as generalized and institutional social trust. The authors conclude that there is a close relationship between the level of social security and social differentiation of the regional society, uneven distribution of risks and threats, and significant differences in the possession of resources (material and non-material) to overcome them both at the individual and regional levels. The unsatisfactory situation with the provision of social security in a broad sense leads to an increase in the dissatisfaction of the population and contributes to the "pushing" of the most active part of it from the regional spaces.

OPINION OF EXPERTS OF PRIMORSKY REGION ON RETURN MIGRATION IN THE REGION (ON THE MATERIALS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)

Return migration of the population is one of the ways to solve the demographic crisis both in the Primorsky Territory and throughout the country. In this regard, the study of these issues is currently relevant. The article presents the results of an expert survey in the Primorsky Territory, conducted in 2020-2021. research team of Altai State University, with the participation of the author. The purpose of this work is to analyze the expert opinion on the processes of return migration in the Primorsky Territory. The article presents the opinion of experts on the risks associated with migration of the population in Russia. The migration situation in the Primorsky Territory, represented by the outflow of the local population, is described. The region, according to expert opinion, is not attractive for the return of migrants from other countries, cases of return migration are not common; certain measures are needed to attract and reintegrate returning migrants. The opinion of experts is presented, according to which it is necessary to provide support and provide benefits for resettlement, first of all, to the former citizens of the USSR, while it is important to develop the economic direction of reintegration. The scientific novelty of the work lies in providing the current opinion of the expert community on the issues of return migration of the population in the Primorsky Territory. The practical significance of the work is associated with the analysis of the necessary measures aimed at attracting and reintegrating returning migrants.

RE-DEFINING CRIME IN MORAL DISCOURSE AND SOCIAL SECURITY

The author connects further study of the problems of social security with the need to redefine crime. The article deals with the transformation of ideas about crime and the appeal of modern researchers to the idea of understanding it in moral discourse. The author supports and develops further the thesis about the need to use the concept of «ethical minimum», which should be used in assessing the activities of the main subjects of social security. Violation of the principle of social justice in its instrumental meaning is considered as the main criterion for assessment. Those norms, laws, measures implemented by various subjects of social security that support the foundations of a decent life for people in society will be socially just. If this principle is ignored, “gray zones” of social security arise, in which there are increased risks of violation of the “ethical minimum”. The article also discusses the issue of separating such violations from completely understandable and explainable errors and management deficiencies that are difficult to avoid in situations of increased risks. Violations of the “ethical minimum” in the “gray zones” of social security, in contrast to a criminal offense, should receive an independent public assessment based on the methodology for studying the social responsibility of all agents important for ensuring the protection of the population.

CURRENT QUESTIONS AND LEGAL ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE LEGISLATION ON STATE CONTROL OF THE TURNOVER OF CERTAIN KINDS OF WEAPONS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The scientific article is devoted to the topical problem of the law on state control over the circulation of certain types of weapons, issues related to theory and practice at the present stage. The particular significance of this work is attached to the legal problems of the law on state control over the circulation of certain types of weapons, namely, the age of the citizen, according to which the right to acquire weapons is given. In the article, much attention is paid to the tragic events that are directly related to the illegal use of firearms in adolescence, the legislative acts of the neighboring countries are analyzed and examples are given. In addition, the author provides specific proposals for solving these problems. The relevance of the article is beyond doubt, as weapons have been one of the most fundamental problems of all time and remains an important milestone for future research. The scientific article is relevant because in recent years, crimes related to the use of firearms have sharply increased in different countries of the world, especially among young people. This demonstrates the importance and timeliness of this article. In the course of the study, the main emphasis is placed on the relevance of the legal problem of imperfection of the law on weapons. The material of the article has a pronounced author's line, since the author does not easily analyze the scientific positions of different authors, but also expresses his point of view.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE ISSUE OF HOMELESS ANIMALS IN THE ARTICULATION OF COMMUNITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA (BASED ON RESEARCH MATERIALS)

The problem of animal homelessness is a multifaceted and urgent social phenomenon. The main difficulties: combining measures of humane and effective control of the number of homeless animals; public health risks; development of a unified state and public position and decision model. This is an important issue of social and personal responsibility of citizens, as well as a weakly sounding problem on the social agenda. The purpose of the article is to show the attitude of representatives of the virtual community towards it, as well as to evaluate the methods of work they use. The methodological basis of the research was made up of a semi-formalized targeted interview and analysis of network content. The results show that civilians interested in solving this problem form virtual communities. They use the network resource for information and communication activities, although the community under study is distinguished by the use of real educational and volunteer practices. The methods they use are not always correct from an ethical and even legal point of view. Their practice is a kind of reaction to the lack of attention to the problem on the part of the state. The general conclusion of the work done: against the background of a low degree of civil, corporate and personal responsibility towards pets, the efforts of caring subjects are largely reduced to private, not fully legalized initiatives.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC AND CIVIL IDENTITY AMONG REPRESENTATIVES OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NGO «CCN «TUULU ALTAI»)

In contemporary Russia, in the conditions of polyethnicity and multiculturalism, it becomes necessary to form civil and ethnic identities of its citizens. This problem is becoming one of the main directions of the state social policy of the Russian Federation, as there is an active migration within the country, which causes the relocation of Russian citizens from their native region. This circumstance prompted the authors of the article to turn to this topic. In the article, the authors reveal the importance of preserving the identity of the indigenous peoples of Altai (Altaians, Telengites, Tubalars, Kumandins and Chelkans) in the conditions of a large metropolis. They also present the historical facts of preserving their ethnic identity, emphasizing the importance for these peoples of obtaining a new status for their ancestral territory of residence in the 90s and being allocated to the national republic as part of the Russian Federation. They reveal the role of ethnic public organizations in the preservation and development of the culture, traditions and language of the Altai peoples, using the example of the activities of the NROO "TSKN "Tuulu Altai", as well as the formation of ethnic and civil identity in a multicultural society. The purpose of the article is a historical description (way of life, places of traditional residence, etc.) of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Altai and a description of the role and activities of the non-profit public organization "Tuulu Altai Cultural Heritage Center "for the formation of ethnic and civil identity among the representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Armenia. The scientific novelty of the provisions proposed in the article is to identify the features of the formation of ethnic and civil identity of representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Altai Republic living in Novosibirsk. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the materials of the article in organizing the activities of non-profit public organizations for the formation of ethnic and civic identity among young people.