Azathioprine Hypersensitivity Reaction in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W Garey ◽  
Daniel S Streetman ◽  
Michael C Rainish

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of azathioprine hypersensitivity in a patient with ulcerative colitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 40-year-old white man with ulcerative colitis, treated with chronic mesalamine and occasional steroids, was admitted to the hospital with a 3-day history of fever, nausea, vomiting, and a rash. Fourteen days prior to admission, the patient had been started on azathioprine for ulcerative colitis. Upon admission, azathioprine therapy was temporarily withheld, resulting in resolution of his signs and symptoms. Symptoms returned when azathioprine was restarted. It was decided that these signs and symptoms were most likely caused by azathioprine hypersensitivity, and the agent was discontinued. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of azathioprine hypersensitivity in a patient with ulcerative colitis. The time course and presenting signs and symptoms support the diagnosis of azathioprine hypersensitivity, as does the patient's response to rechallenge. The mechanism of this hypersensitivity reaction is unclear, but may involve the nitroimidazole portion of the azathioprine molecule. CONCLUSIONS: Azathioprine hypersensitivity often presents with signs and symptoms resembling a systemic infection such as fever, leukocytosis, and evidence of end organ dysfunction. The diagnosis of azathioprine hypersensitivity should be considered in patients who have recently either initiated or increased their dosage of azathioprine. OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso de hipersensitividad a azathioprine en un paciente con colitis ulcerativa. RESUMEN DEL CASO: Un hombre de 40 años con colitis ulcerativa tratado cronicamente con mesalamine y ocasionalmente esteroides, fue hospitalizado con un historial de 3 días con fiebre, naúsea, vómitos, e irritación en la piel. Catorce días previo a la admisión, el paciente había comenzado en azathioprine para su colitis ulcerativa. En la admisión, la azathioprine fue temporalmento descontinuada resultando en la resolución de los signos y síntomas. Los síntomas comenzaron cuando se utilizó nuevamente el azathioprine. Se decidió que estos signos y síntomas eran bien parecidos a una hipersensitividad a azathioprine y el medicamento fue descontinuado. DISCUSIÓN: Hasta donde se conoce es el primer caso reportado con hipersensitividad a azathioprine en un paciente con colitis ulcerativa. El tiempo del curso y presentación de los signos y síntomas apoyan el hallazgo así como la respuesta del paciente al ser tratado nuevamente. El mecanismo de esta hipersensitividad no está claro pero podría envolver la porción de nitromidazole de la mólecula de azathioprine. CONCLUSIONES: A menudo la hipersensitividad a azathioprine presenta los signos y síntomas parecidos en una infección sistémica como fiebre, leucosiotosis, y evidencia de disfunción en órganos terminales. El diagnóstico de hipersensitividad a azathioprine debe ser considerado en pacientes que recientemente comenzaron en el medicamento y en casos en que se les aumente la dosis de azathioprine. OBJECTIF: Rapporter un cas d'hypersensibilité à l'azathioprine chez un patient atteint de colite ulcéreuse. RÉSUMÉ DU CAS: Un homme de 40 ans attéint de colite ulcéreuse et traité de façon chronique avec de la mésalamine et occasionnellement avec des corticostéroïdes a été admis à l'hôpital pour fièvre, nausées, vomissements, et rash persistant depuis 3 jours. Quatorze jours avant son admission, un traitement à l'azathioprine avait été débuté pour sa colite ulcéreuse. À l'admission, l'azathioprine a été temporairement cessée, ce qui a permis la résolution des signes et symptômes. Les symptômes sont réapparus lorsque l'azathioprine a été reprise. Les signes et symptômes présentes par le patient étant compatibles avec une réaction d'hypersensibilité à l'azathioprine, il fut décidé de cesser définitivement l'azathioprine. DISCUSSION: Selon les auteurs, il s'agirait du premier cas d'hypersensibilité à l'azathioprine rapporté chez un patient atteint de colite ulcéreuse. l'évolution de la réaction dans le temps, les signes et symptômes de même que la réapparition des symptômes lors de la réadministration du médicament tendent à incriminer l'azathioprine. Le mécanisme de cette réaction d'hypersensibilité n'est pas clairement défini mais pourrait impliquer la portion nitroimidazole de la molécule d'azathioprine. CONCLUSIONS: L'hypersensibilité à l'azathioprine se manifeste fréquemment par des signes et symptômes ressemblant à une infection systémique tels que fièvre, leucocytose, et évidence de dysfonction d'un organe. Le diagnostic d'hypersensibilité à l'azathioprine devrait être considéré chez les patients qui reçoivent depuis peu de l'azathioprine ou chez qui la dose d'azathioprine a été augmentée.

Author(s):  
Ashraffunnissa Fatima Farheen Kamal ◽  
Shrenik H. Vardhamane ◽  
Amreen Saba

Ofloxacin is the most commonly used first generation fluoroquinolones. Its activity against gram negative organisms lie between Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. It is used for treating infections like UTI, gastroenteritis etc. It is generally well tolerated, gastric upset is the most common adverse effect. However very few cases of Fixed Drug Eruptions have been reported. Here we report a case of a 16year old female patient who developed redness and rashes all over body along with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, blurring of vision, headache and loss of consciousness after receiving Tab ofloxacin 200mg for gastroenteritis. Signs and symptoms subsided within 24 hrs after the drug was stopped and supportive treatment like IV fluids along with dexamethasone was given. Ofloxacin was strongly suspected as the causal drug for the hypersensitivity reaction as the subject had a history of allergic reaction to the same in the past. Early detection of cutaneous lesions and immediate withdrawal of the offending drug can prevent progression of such reactions to their severe variants as well as morbidity and mortality.


2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Bruns ◽  
Namita Sood

A systemic infection due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in a hospital-naive 17-year-old girl with no history of soft-tissue infection. Although the initial signs and symptoms were indolent, systemic manifestations occurred, including extensive lung parenchymal damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient required long-term mechanical ventilation and was given linezolid for 8 weeks. Blood cultures eventually became negative for the staphylococci, and the patient was discharged to a rehabilitation facility. A probable source of the infection was the patient’s self-cutting and self-piercing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mehrabian ◽  
Zahra Abdi Layaee ◽  
Zahra Ahmadinejad

Brucellosis, as a systemic infection with potential to involving virtually all organ systems, is an endemic zoonosis in Iran. This is the history of a 17-year-old boy with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt who presented with prolonged fever, constipation, and abdominal pain. Laboratory studies, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests, revealed a VP shunt infection with Brucella spp. We treated the patient with rifampicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole), and ceftriaxone. Also, the shunt was temporarily replaced with an extraventricular drain until the CSF culture was sterile and a new permanent VP shunt could be inserted. We report this case to underline the diagnostic possibility of brucellosis in every case of protracted fever of unknown origin (FUO), irrespective of accompanying signs and symptoms.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bryan Roberts

Takayasu arteritis is a rare disease mostly found in Asian populations. Cases have been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting possible genetic linkage. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight a rare finding of arteritis signs and symptoms in a 32-year-old Caucasian woman (likely early that it did not yet meet classification for official diagnosis as Takayasu arteritis) who subsequently was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis a few months later. The patient presented to the hospital with throbbing neck pain and tenderness around the area of her right carotid artery distribution, nonspecific visual changes, and bilateral upper extremity paresthesia, with significant findings of 50-69% right carotid artery stenosis on a recent outpatient carotid Doppler ultrasound. Based on additional laboratory, clinical, and advanced imaging findings at the hospital, a diagnosis of arteritis not yet classifiable as Takayasu arteritis was made, and the patient was treated with corticosteroids. Unfortunately, she developed bradycardia that was later attributed to the corticosteroid regimen and the medication was discontinued. By follow-up in the clinic, the patient’s carotidynia improved, but now, she reported a three-month history of bloody stools. Colonoscopy and pathology findings were consistent with ulcerative colitis, and the patient was started on mesalamine. The association of inflammatory bowel disease and Takayasu arteritis should not be overlooked, as future treatment methods and early, continuous surveillance may be critical in improving quality of life and avoiding serious complications.


2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S147-S148
Author(s):  
S.K. Park ◽  
S.K. Yang ◽  
B.D. Ye ◽  
K.J. Kim ◽  
D.H. Yang ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e236855
Author(s):  
Wendy Chang ◽  
Patricia Renaut ◽  
Casper Pretorius

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are rare autosomal dominant diseases, where symptoms manifest at childhood. A 32-year-old man with no family history of JPS or HHT with SMAD4 gene mutation who developed signs and symptoms only at the age of 32, when he was an adult. In this article, we highlight the steps taken to diagnose this rare pathology, explain its pathophysiology and management.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gabriel Velilla-Alonso ◽  
Andrés García-Pastor ◽  
Ángela Rodríguez-López ◽  
Ana Gómez-Roldós ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Soblechero ◽  
...  

Introduction: We analyzed whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis affected acute stroke care in our center during the first 2 months of lockdown in Spain. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study. We collected demographic, clinical, and radiological data; time course; and treatment of patients meeting the stroke unit admission criteria from March 14 to May 14, 2020 (COVID-19 period group). Data were compared with the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID-19 period group). Results: 195 patients were analyzed; 83 in the COVID-19 period group, resulting in a 26% decline of acute strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) admitted to our center compared with the previous year (p = 0.038). Ten patients (12%) tested positive for PCR SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of patients aged 65 years and over was lower in the COVID-19 period group (53 vs. 68.8%, p = 0.025). During the pandemic period, analyzed patients were more frequently smokers (27.7 vs. 10.7%, p = 0.002) and had less frequently history of prior stroke (13.3 vs. 25%, p = 0.043) or atrial fibrillation (9.6 vs. 25%, p = 0.006). ASPECTS score was lower (9 [7–10] vs. 10 [8–10], p = 0.032), NIHSS score was slightly higher (5 [2–14] vs. 4 [2–8], p = 0.122), onset-to-door time was higher (304 [93–760] vs. 197 [91.25–645] min, p = 0.104), and a lower proportion arrived within 4.5 h from onset of symptoms (43.4 vs. 58%, p = 0.043) during the CO­VID-19 period. There were no differences between proportion of patients receiving recanalization treatment (intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy) and in-hospital delays. Conclusion: We observed a reduction in the number of acute strokes and TIAs admitted during the COVID-19 period. This drop affected especially elderly patients, and despite a delay in their arrival to the emergency department, the proportion of patients treated with recanalization therapies was preserved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Pinto ◽  
Erica Loddo ◽  
Salvatore Paba ◽  
Agnese Favale ◽  
Fabio Chicco ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and aims The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a deep reorganization of hospital services including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) units. In this situation, conversion of in-person routine follow-up visits into phone consultations might be necessary. Here we explored the feasibility of using the validated Crohn’s Disease (CD) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Patient-Reported Outcomes Signs and Symptoms (CD- and UC-PRO/SS) to collect data about abdominal symptoms (abdominal/S) and bowel signs and symptoms (bowel/SS) remotely. Methods CD- and UC-PRO/SS were collected during phone consultations and compared among patients with active and inactive disease. The effectiveness of therapeutic intervention in patients with active disease was assessed by PRO/SS variation. Results Twenty-one CD and 56 UC patients were evaluated by phone. Six (28.6%) CD and 15 (26.8%) UC patients were considered to have active disease. In CD the bowel/SS but not the abdominal/S module was significantly higher in active patients (mean bowel/SS 2.50 [SE ± 0.44] active vs 0.76 [SE ± 0.18] remission, p = 0.008, AUC 0.87; mean abdominal/S 1.11 [SE ± 0.38] active vs 0.24 [SE ± 0.13] remission, p = 0.066). UC-PRO/SS measures were significantly higher in active patients as compared to patients in remission (median bowel/SS 1.63 [SE ± 0.24] active vs 0.33 [SE ± 0.04] remission; p < 0.0001, AUC 0.91; mean abdominal/S 1.03 [SE ± 0.24] vs 0.37 [SE ± 0.12]; p = 0.009, AUC 0.71). Therapy was escalated in 12 patients (3 CD and 9 UC) due to disease relapse. Therapy escalation resulted in the reduction of PRO/SS as evaluated at the subsequent phone consultation. Conclusions PRO/SS might represent a feasible tool to evaluate disease activity and therapy outcome in IBD patients during periods of limited access to outpatient clinics.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Molina ◽  
Darwin R. Ramos ◽  
Alberto Yu ◽  
Patricio A. Paute ◽  
Paul S. Llerena ◽  
...  

Endometriosis is a common entity among fertile women which unfortunately manifests through variable symptomatology. Intestinal involvement in endometriosis is quite common and can simulate several diseases such as Crohn’s disease, appendicitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, or malignant tumors. Intestinal obstruction due to endometriosis is rare, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult because the signs and symptoms are nonspecific and can be easily confused. In the case of patients without a history of endometriosis, diagnosis is further complicated. We present a case of a 41-year-old female patient. She presented to the emergency room with complete bowel obstruction and a mass in the cecum. Surgery was decided, and the patient underwent full recovery. Endometriosis was the final diagnosis for the observed condition.


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