Minimum requirements for reporting analytical data for environmental samples (IUPAC Technical Report)

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Egli ◽  
Manos Dassenakis ◽  
Hemda Garelick ◽  
René van Grieken ◽  
W. J. G. M. Peijnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In view of the significance of environmental analytical data, it is essential that the quality of both sampling strategy and analysis be assured and that procedures used, as well as all relevant additional information, are reported. There is a minimum level of information required in order to guarantee the fitness-for-use of the data. Emanating from discussions on the fundamental problems of the analysis of environmental samples for chemical or biological contaminants, a general guidance is given regarding the minimum information that should be provided to adequately describe the sampling strategy, method of sampling, sample properties, handling between sampling and analysis (including storage conditions, pretreatments, homogenization, subsampling), and the analytical methodology (including calculation and validation procedures). Special attention and specific guidance are given for the environmental compartments soil, pore water, groundwater, inland surface water, sediment, seawater, precipitation water, and air.

Minimum Requirements for Reporting Analytical Data for Environmental Samples

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Egli ◽  
Manos Dassenakis ◽  
Hemda Garelick ◽  
René Van Grieken ◽  
W. J. G. M. Peijnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Efficiency of capital formation of utility enterprises: the case of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. S001-S018
Author(s):  
Yulia Slobodyanik ◽  
Kateryna Bagatska ◽  
Hanna Silakova ◽  
Liudmyla Krot ◽  
Alina Korbutiak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
And Performance

The paper aims to analyze the approaches to capital formation of Ukrainian utility enterprises, identify their impact on the financial results of entities and formulate recommendations to ensure the efficiency of utility enterprises. The methodological basis of the study is comparative analysis, theoretical studies, statistical information, analytical data prepared by governmental and non-governmental bodies, the best practices. In the course of the research were collected and processed empirical data of 30 utility enterprises from 11 regions of Ukraine with different economic, demographic, climatic and administrative conditions. The conducted research confirms that the capital invested in the municipal enterprises does not increase their efficiency. Funding from a municipal budget without disclosure of the criteria for providing such resources does not enlarge the profitability of utility enterprises and often used to cover their losses, which lead to capital disruption. In order to increase the efficiency of utility enterprises and the fair distribution of municipal budget funds it was proposed to introduce the disclosure of additional information about capital formation; to strengthen the managers’ responsibility for the quality of publishing information with the introduction of special KPIs; and to conduct financial and performance audit, including in terms of capital formation.

scholarly journals Minimum requirements for wildfire investigations

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
Paul M. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fire Origin ◽  
Origin Area

Provincial forest management agencies across Canada are attempting to recover suppression costs plus losses to real property due to human-caused fires when negligence is involved. These agencies are responsible for investigating these fires, and they commonly restrict all access to the fire origin area. These agencies commonly employ well trained fire investigators, who are well aware of standards for documenting wildland fires. However, in many cases, the quality of the investigations is poor, and the cost of finding this additional information is great. In this paper, I identify the minimum information required before an investigation file should be considered complete and charges can be laid. Key words: wildland fire, investigation, reports, litigation, standards

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

Physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of hospital effluents and their impact on the environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Discharge ◽  
Significant Chemical

Liquid effluents discharged by hospitals may contain chemical and biological contaminants whose main source is the different substances used for the treatment of patients. This type of rejection can present a sanitary potentially dangerous risk for human health and can provoke a strong degradation of diverse environmental compartments mainly water and soils. The present study focuses on the quality of the liquid effluents of Hassani Abdelkader’s hospital of Sidi Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria). The results reveal a significant chemical pollution (COD: 879 mgO2/L, BOD5: 850 mgO2/L, NH4+ : 47.9 mg/l, NO2- : 4.2 mg/l, NO3- : 56.8 mg/l with respect to WHO standard of 90 mgO2/L, 30 mgO2/L, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l and 1 mg/l respectively). However, these effluents are biodegradable since the ratio COD/BOD5 do not exceeded the value of 2 in almost all samples. The presence of pathogen germs is put into evidence such as pseudomonas, the clostridium, the staphylococcus, the fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus. These results show that the direct discharge of these effluents constitutes a major threat to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Influence of the Gangue in the Coal as Fired on the Coal Conveying System and the Boiler Operation of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Su Pan ◽  
Yu Pengfeng ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
Han Jing ◽  
Xiao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
Conveying System

The coal as fired, with unidentified characteristics of the coal gangue, was burned on a 300MW circulating fluidized bed unit. The equipment of the coal conveying system was damaged and the boiler operation was unstable. In response to the problems, the coal quality data and storage conditions of the coal were examined and the site was spot-checked to evaluate the coal quality characteristics. At the same time, the typical representative parameters of the coal handling system and boiler operation were selected. According to the analysis of coal quality and coal storage, the coal quality fluctuates greatly and the uniformity of particle size distribution is poor. There is actually the coal gangue with hard texture and hard to grind in the coal pile. The coal gangue will have adverse effects on the fine screening machine, fine crusher and other equipment. After burned this type of coal, the fluidized quality of the boiler bed is degraded to make an impact on the safe and stable operation of the boiler. It is recommended that the coal should be screened and then burned into the furnace to ensure safe and stable operation of the boiler.

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Oil Quality of Chinese Tallow Tree Seeds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorin Boldor ◽  
Beatrice Gabriela Terigar ◽  
Sundar Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Chinese Tallow Tree ◽  
Chinese Tallow ◽  
Tallow Tree ◽  
Tree Seeds

scholarly journals Facile Use of ZnO Nanopowders to Protect Old Manual Paper Documents

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5452
Author(s):  
Ludmila Motelica ◽  
Aurelian Popescu ◽  
Anca-Gabriela Răzvan ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
Roxana-Doina Truşcă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Accessible Method

One of the main problems faced by libraries, archives and collectors is the mold degradation of the paper-based documents, books, artworks etc. Microfungi (molds) emerge in regular storage conditions of such items (humidity, usually over 50%, and temperatures under 21 °C). If the removal of the visible mycelium is relatively easy, there is always the problem of the subsequent appearance of mold as the spores remain trapped in the cellulosic, fibrillary texture, which acts as a net. Moreover, due to improper hand hygiene bacteria contamination, old books could represent a source of biohazard, being colonized with human pathogens. An easy and accessible method of decontamination, which could offer long term protection is therefore needed. Here, we present a facile use of the ZnO nanopowders as antimicrobial agents, suitable for cellulose-based products, conferring an extended antibacterial and anti-microfungal effect. The proposed method does not adversely impact on the quality of the cellulose documents and could be efficiently used for biodegradation protection.

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