Explanatory dictionary of key terms in toxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Nordberg ◽  
John H. Duffus ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Full Description ◽  
International Level ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Understanding

The objective of the "Explanatory Dictionary of Key Terms in Toxicology" is to give full explanations of the meaning of toxicological terms chosen for their importance and complexity from the point of merging chemistry and toxicology. This requires a full description of the underlying concepts, going beyond a normal dictionary definition. Often linguistic barriers lead to problems in obtaining a common understanding of terminology at the international level and between disciplines. The explanatory comments should help to break down such barriers. The dictionary consists of about 68 terms chosen from the IUPAC "Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicokinetics" organized under 22 main headings. The authors hope that among the groups which will find this explanatory dictionary helpful are chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, risk assessors, regulators, medical practitioners, regulatory authorities, and everyone with an interest in the relationship of chemistry to toxicology. It should also facilitate the use of chemistry in relation to risk assessment.

Explanatory dictionary of key terms in toxicology: Part II (IUPAC Recommendations 2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Nordberg ◽  
John H. Duffus ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Full Description ◽  
International Level ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management ◽  
Common Understanding

The objective of the “Explanatory Dictionary of Key Terms in Toxicology” is to give full explanations of the meaning and usage of toxicological terms chosen for their importance and complexity with regard to the merging of chemistry into toxicology. This requires a full description of the underlying concepts, going beyond a normal dictionary definition. Often linguistic barriers lead to problems in obtaining a common understanding of terminology at an international level and between disciplines. The explanatory comments should help to break down such barriers. This dictionary is a follow-up and continuation of part I published in 2007. It consists of a collection of terms chosen from the IUPAC “Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology”. These terms are organized under 19 main headings. The authors hope that this explanatory dictionary will be helpful to chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, risk assessors, regulators, medical practitioners, regulatory authorities, and everyone with an interest in the application of chemistry to solving toxicological problems. It should be of particular value to those involved in risk assessment and management.

scholarly journals Towards innovation, co-creation and customers’ satisfaction: a banking sector perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Malik ◽  
Rizwan Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Co-creation fosters customer’s involvement for innovation in products/services and is used as a tool to develop competitive edge for better entrepreneurship. Based on limited evidence, the study aims to examine the factors contributing to the co-creation and the relationship of co-creation with customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 384 customers from selected banks in Pakistan was selected. The study adopted quantitative, explanatory and cross-sectional research design. Structural equation modeling is used for analysis. Findings The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between co-creation with customer satisfaction. Further results revealed that access to information, risk assessment and transparency have a positive relationship with co-creation for innovation. The study is significant for customers and management of banks to understand the implications of co-creation to increase customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications Few banks with a small number of customers were selected for the study. Practical implications Managers must consider customer’s access to information, risk assessment and transparency of information as necessary factors for co-creation that foster innovation and entrepreneurial opportunities because co-creation strengthens customer satisfaction. Social implications Adopting the co-creation process brings long-lasting harmony between customers and banks, and customers may consider the banks as being socially responsible by inviting the opinions of their customers. Originality/value Model is re-tested in the context of Pakistani banks with selected variables affecting co-creation for innovation. Moreover, the relationship of co-creation with customer satisfaction is examined.

scholarly journals An Overview of the U.S. EPA Proposed Amendments to the Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A. Kimmel ◽  
Gary L. Kimmel ◽  
Elaine Z. Francis ◽  
Laurence D. Chitlik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
New Information ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently proposed amendments to the Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants. These amendments expand and clarify points made in the original guidelines, and add new information based on advances in the field. For example, the original risk assessment guidance was developed around several basic assumptions that were implicit in the earlier document, but that are clearly stated in the proposed amendments. Also, several consensus workshops were held following the completion of the 1986 guidelines, and the conclusions of these workshops have been incorporated. These include workshops dealing with the relationship of maternal and developmental toxicity, and with the development of an approach for a weight-of-evidence classification. In addition, a reference dose for developmental toxicity (RfDT) is proposed, based on short-term exposure, to distinguish it from the Rf D for chronic exposure. Other proposed changes include the expansion of the functional developmental toxicity section to reflect the Agency's testing guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity, and the human studies section which now gives more guidance on the use of human data in risk assessment. A number of other minor proposed changes are discussed. The final amended guidelines are currently undergoing Agency review and should be completed within the next year.

Parasitic infection

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabambo Ogunbambi ◽  
Yusuf I. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Travel

Parasitic infections remain prevalent, particularly in the developing world. However, increasing global travel poses a risk of contracting parasitic infections while travelling through endemic areas and therefore all medical practitioners should remain aware of parasitic infections and investigate for them when appropriate. Increased understanding of the relationship of parasites with the immune system has led to some progress with therapeutics but this still lags behind other infectious diseases. In this chapter we outline the musculoskeletal manifestations of parasitic infection and updated therapeutic approaches to these infections. The burden of disease may change with increasing use of potent biologic immunosuppressants and global travel, as seen in HIV-related immunosuppression, but as yet no significant increased incidence of parasitic infection has been reported within 'rheumatic diseases' cohorts around the world.

Coleridge the Lecturer, A Disappearing Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-59
Author(s):  
Sarah Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Literary Marketplace ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The Relationship

Coleridge set some of the key terms of Romantic-era literary lecturing in his responses to two historical pressures. He attempted to define himself as a literary lecturer against his former roles as a political speaker and Dissenting preacher. He also tried to distance himself from the pressures of the literary marketplace. He developed his key concept of the “willing suspension of disbelief” partly from a desire to persuade auditors to see him not as a paid performer, but rather as a “Poet-philosopher.” Some of his best-known critical arguments gain new meaning once they are understood as in part responses to the culture for which they were pitched. These include his readings of the character of Hamlet and the relationship of Romeo and Juliet.

Rethinking ‘Revelation’ as a Precondition for Reinterpreting the Qur'an: A Qur'anic Perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Human Element ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The Relationship

The majority of Muslims have held to the dictation theory of Revelation since the Qur'an was revealed fourteen hundred years ago. This article highlights a key aspect of current Qur'anic studies; that is, the rethinking of the genesis of Revelation, advocated by scholars like Kenneth Cragg, apparently as a prerequisite for reinterpretation of the text in the modern period. This article argues that such a rethinking of Revelation is not necessary, and that the avocation of the so-called ‘human element’ in the Qur'an is unwarranted. The argument is based on a literal reading of the Qur'anic text, on what it claims for itself, on key terms used in the Qur'an to describe itself, and on the understanding of the issue by Muslims from the earliest period to the present. In order to demonstrate this point, the article explores the pre-Islamic understanding of revelation, the relationship of revelation to language, and the Qur'anic texts dealing with the questions of ‘authorship’ of the Qur'an and of the Prophet's role therein. It argues that the reinterpretation of the Qur'an and the genesis and authorship of the text are two separate issues; and that reinterpretation does not depend on the identity of the Qur'an's author. The analysis indicates that the authorship of the Qur'an should be strictly assigned to Allah, and concludes that the arguments developed in favour of revision are not sustainable, at least from a Qur'anic perspective.

Road-Related Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment and Economic Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 624-629
Author(s):  
Xiao Chun Qin ◽  
Bo Chang Dong ◽  
Yi Shen ◽  
She Gang Shao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variation Rule

60%~70% of air pollutants are vehicle emissions. With the soaring increasing of Vehicle Population, automobile exhaust is becoming the leading cause of air pollution. In this paper space-time variation rule of road-related atmospheric pollution is analyzed based on the characteristics of air pollution on the road. And the basic methods of road-related air pollution health risk assessment are determined in the analysis of the relationship of road-related air pollution and health. The economic evaluation of road-related air pollution is also made which would provide the methods for reference in the related research on road air pollution.

IUPAC Glossary of terms used in neurotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2015)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Templeton ◽  
Michael Schwenk ◽  
John H. Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

AbstractThe primary objective of this Glossary of Terms Used in Neurotoxicology is to give clear definitions for those who contribute to studies relevant to neurotoxicology, or must interpret them, but are not themselves neurotoxicologists, neuroscientists or physicians. This applies especially to chemists who need to understand the literature of neurotoxic effects of substances without recourse to a multiplicity of other glossaries or dictionaries. The Glossary includes terms related to basic and clinical neurology insofar as they are necessary for a self-contained document, and particularly terms related to diagnosing, measuring, and understanding effects of substances on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The glossary consists of about 800 terms as primary alphabetical entries, and includes Annexes of common abbreviations, and examples of chemicals with known effects on the nervous system. The authors hope that among the groups who will find this glossary helpful, in addition to chemists, are toxicologists, pharmacologists, medical practitioners, risk assessors, and regulatory authorities. In particular, it should facilitate the worldwide use of chemistry in relation to occupational and environmental risk assessment.

Parasitic infection

2013 ◽  
pp. 802-807
Author(s):  
Olabambo Ogunbambi ◽  
Yusuf I. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Travel

Parasitic infections remain prevalent, particularly in the developing world. However, increasing global travel poses a risk of contracting parasitic infections while travelling through endemic areas and therefore all medical practitioners should remain aware of parasitic infections and investigate for them when appropriate. Increased understanding of the relationship of parasites with the immune system has led to some progress with therapeutics but this still lags behind other infectious diseases. In this chapter we outline the musculoskeletal manifestations of parasitic infection and updated therapeutic approaches to these infections. The burden of disease may change with increasing use of potent biologic immunosuppressants and global travel, as seen in HIV-related immunosuppression, but as yet no significant increased incidence of parasitic infection has been reported within ’rheumatic diseases’ cohorts around the world.

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