Study and Comparison of Low Cost Intensity Modulation Direct Detection Radio Over Fiber Systems

Jurnal ini mengevaluasi sistem radio over fiber (ROF) menggunakan radio-to-optic direct conversion (ROC) bertingkat, baik ROC/heterodyne detection (HD) maupun ROC/ self heterodyne detection (SHD). Sistem ROF menggunakan intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) bertingkat berdasarkan parameter carrier to noise ratio (CNR). Optimalisasi nilai optical modulation index (OMI) yang dilakukan pada sistem ROF menggunakan ROC bertingkat, karena performansi CNR dari sistem dengan OMI yang identik kurang baik. Dengan menggunakan metoda optimalisasi OMI, CNR sistem ROC/HD dan ROC/SHD lebih besar 18 dB dan 15 dB dari sistem IM/DD untuk bandwidth sinyal RF sebesar 150 MHz dan jumlah Radio Base Station (RBS) yang terkoneksi (N) = 20. Sedangkan untuk bandwidth sebesar 50 MHz dan N = 20, CNR sistem ROC/HD dan ROC/SHD lebih besar 20 dB dan 17 dB.Kata kunci: radio over fiber, radio-to-optic direct conversion, heterodyne detection, self heterodyne detection

Download Full-text

A set of simple methods for detection and extraction of laminarinase

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81807-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ananthamurthy Koteshwara ◽

Nancy V. Philip ◽

Jesil Mathew Aranjani ◽

Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura ◽

Subrahmanyam Volety Mallikarjuna

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Direct Analysis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽

Simple Method ◽

Functional Step

AbstractA carefully designed ammonium sulfate precipitation will simplify extraction of proteins and is considered to be a gold standard among various precipitation methods. Therefore, optimization of ammonium sulfate precipitation can be an important functional step in protein purification. The presence of high amounts of ammonium sulphate precludes direct detection of many enzymatically active proteins including reducing sugar assays (e.g. Nelson-Somogyi, Reissig and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid methods) for assessing carbohydrases (e.g. laminarinase (β (1–3)-glucanohydrolase), cellulases and chitinases). In this study, a simple method was developed using laminarin infused agarose plate for the direct analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitates from Streptomyces rimosus AFM-1. The developed method is simple and convenient that can give accurate results even in presence of ammonium sulfate in the crude precipitates. Laminarin is a translucent substrate requiring the use of a stain to visualize the zones of hydrolysis in a plate assay. A very low-cost and locally available fluorescent optical fabric brightener Tinopal CBS-X has been used as a stain to detect the zones of hydrolysis. We also report simple methods to prepare colloidal chitin and cell free supernatant in this manuscript.

Download Full-text

Unique Word DMT Schemes for Optical Systems With Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection

Journal of Lightwave Technology ◽

10.1109/jlt.2017.2718506 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (18) ◽

pp. 3862-3869 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sher Ali Cheema ◽

Emilio Rafael Balda ◽

Mike Wolf ◽

Martin Haardt

Keyword(s):

Direct Detection ◽

Intensity Modulation ◽

Optical Systems ◽

Unique Word

Download Full-text

Radio-over-fiber transport systems with an innovative phase modulation to intensity modulation converter

Optical Engineering ◽

10.1117/1.oe.52.11.116107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 116107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ching-Hung Chang ◽

Jui-Hsuan Chang

Keyword(s):

Phase Modulation ◽

Radio Over Fiber ◽

Intensity Modulation ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Fiber Transport

Download Full-text

Real-Time $4\times 3.5$ Gbps Sigma Delta Radio-over-Fiber for a Low-Cost 5G C-RAN Downlink

2018 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) ◽

10.1109/ecoc.2018.8535235 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chia-Yi Wu ◽

Haolin Li ◽

Joris Van Kerrebrouck ◽

Laurens Breyne ◽

Laurens Bogaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Radio Over Fiber ◽

Sigma Delta

Download Full-text

5G Wireless/Wired Convergence of UFMC Based Modulation for Intensity Modulation Direct Detection

10.3233/apc210094 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keerthivasan K ◽

Shibu S

Keyword(s):

Network Architecture ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Base Stations ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Implementation Model ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Media Applications

Faster data speeds, shorter end-to-end latencies, improved end-user service efficiency, and a wider range of multi-media applications are expected with the new 5G wireless services. The dramatic increase in the number of base stations required to meet these criteria, which undermines the low-cost constraints imposed by operators, demonstrates the need for a paradigm shift in modern network architecture. Alternative formats will be required for next-generation architectures, where simplicity is the primary goal. The number of connections is expected to increase rapidly, breaking the inherent complexity of traditional coherent solutions and lowering the resulting cost percentage. A novel implementation model is used to migrate complex-nature modulation structures in a highly efficient and cost-effective manner. Theoretical work to analyses modulations’ behavior over a wired/fiber setup and wireless mode is also provided. The state-of-the-art computational complexity, simplicity, and ease of execution while maintaining efficiency throughput and bit error rate.

Download Full-text