scholarly journals Ray mapping with surface information for freeform illumination design

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 9426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Gannon ◽  
Rongguang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Illumination Design ◽  
Surface Information

Detector strategies for environmental scanning electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1296-1297
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Electrode ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Environmental Sem

Environmental SEM operate at specimen chamber pressures of ∼20 torr (2.7 kPa) allowing stabilization of liquid water at room temperature, working on rugged insulators, and generation of an environmental secondary electron (ESE) signal. All signals available in conventional high vacuum instruments are also utilized in the environmental SEM, including BSE, SE, absorbed current, CL, and X-ray. In addition, the ESEM allows utilization of the flux of charge carriers as information, providing exciting new signal modes not available to BSE imaging or to conventional high vacuum SEM.In the ESEM, at low vacuum, SE electrons are collected with a “gaseous detector”. This detector collects low energy electrons (and ions) with biased wires or plates similar to those used in early high vacuum SEM for SE detection. The detector electrode can be integrated into the first PLA or positioned at any other place resulting in a versatile system that provides a variety of surface information.

scholarly journals Evaluation Model of Parking Equipment Planning and Design Based on Object-Oriented Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4263
Author(s):  
Minna Ni ◽  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Yuhan Luo ◽  
Qi Yi ◽  
Yiqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Object Oriented Technology ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Urban Parking ◽  
Planning And Construction

Stereo parking equipment has become an important means to solve the problem of parking difficulties, so it is necessary to study the planning of stereo parking equipment. This paper proposes an evaluation model for parking equipment planning and design, and verifies the feasibility of the model through an example. First, obtain the surface information of the planned area through object-oriented technology, and then complete the design layout of the area that can accommodate the most parking spaces according to the plan information map of the study area. Next, calculate the number of parking spaces required for each building in the area, and the number of available parking spaces within the maximum acceptable time for each building. Finally, compare the two to design the number and location of parking equipment. This method can quickly and accurately obtain the ground plane information map of the study area, while ensuring the capacity of parking spaces to meet the needs of users, it also improves the rationality and suitability of the planning and layout of stereo parking equipment, which can effectively guide the planning and construction of urban parking equipment.

scholarly journals Replicating the complexity of natural surfaces: technique validation and applications for biomimetics, ecology and evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2138) ◽  
pp. 20180265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charchit Kumar ◽  
Alejandro Palacios ◽  
Venkata A. Surapaneni ◽  
Georg Bold ◽  
Marc Thielen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Cross Covariance ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Structural Aspects

The surfaces of animals, plants and abiotic structures are not only important for organismal survival, but they have also inspired countless biomimetic and industrial applications. Additionally, the surfaces of animals and plants exhibit an unprecedented level of diversity, and animals often move on the surface of plants. Replicating these surfaces offers a number of advantages, such as preserving a surface that is likely to degrade over time, controlling for non-structural aspects of surfaces, such as compliance and chemistry, and being able to produce large areas of a small surface. In this paper, we compare three replication techniques among a number of species of plants, a technical surface and a rock. We then use two model parameters (cross-covariance function ratio and relative topography difference) to develop a unique method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the replication. Finally, we outline future directions that can employ highly accurate surface replications, including ecological and evolutionary studies, biomechanical experiments, industrial applications and improving haptic properties of bioinspired surfaces. The recent advances associated with surface replication and imaging technology have formed a foundation on which to incorporate surface information into biological sciences and to improve industrial and biomimetic applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

scholarly journals A Review of Remote Sensing Image Dehazing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3926
Author(s):  
Juping Liu ◽  
Shiju Wang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Mingye Ju ◽  
Dengyin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Image Dehazing ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Haze Removal ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Extra Information ◽  
Removal Technique

Remote sensing (RS) is one of the data collection technologies that help explore more earth surface information. However, RS data captured by satellite are susceptible to particles suspended during the imaging process, especially for data with visible light band. To make up for such deficiency, numerous dehazing work and efforts have been made recently, whose strategy is to directly restore single hazy data without the need for using any extra information. In this paper, we first classify the current available algorithm into three categories, i.e., image enhancement, physical dehazing, and data-driven. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of algorithm are then summarized in detail. Finally, the evaluation indicators used to rank the recovery performance and the application scenario of the RS data haze removal technique are discussed, respectively. In addition, some common deficiencies of current available methods and future research focus are elaborated.

A New Index for Steel Framed Roof Information Extraction Based on Remote Sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4682-4685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ying Xiao ◽  
Na Ji ◽  
Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Tm Image ◽  
Sensing Technology

There are a great number of index methods used to extract impervious surface from satellite images. However, these indices are not robust enough to detect steel framed roof due to the diversity of impervious materials. The extraction of steel framed roof information by remote sensing technology is becoming increasingly important because of its environmental and socio-economic significance. A new index, Normalized Difference Steel framed roof Index (NDSI) is proposed to extract steel framed roof surface information from TM images. The NDSI was created based on its spectral characteristics of TM image and the steel framed roof information can be extracted fast by NDSI threshold method. Additionally, Shijiazhuang city, which has experienced rapid urbanization, was chosen as the study area. And the classification results show that the new index NDSI can effectively extract steel framed roof information with higher accuracy.

AFM ANALYSIS OF QUANTUM DOT STRUCTURES INDUCED BY ION SPUTTERING WITH DIFFERENT TIPS

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 837-841
Author(s):  
M. XU ◽  
C. TEICHERT
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Complete Surface ◽  
Afm Analysis

With tips of different hardness, we analyzed the effect of the hardness and shape of the actual AFM tip on the measurement of the best GaSb quantum dot (QD) structures induced by low energy Ar + sputtering. The comparison indicated that the complete information on the detailed dot shape and order structure can be determined with the hard and good tip, while with the soft or worn tip some information on the dot height and shape cannot be obtained. Our results suggest that, in order to obtain the complete surface information, the high hardness and good AFM tip should be used for semiconductor QD structures.

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