Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring Starch Hydrolysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoeil Chung ◽  
Mark A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
On Line ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Better Than

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been evaluated for monitoring the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (thinning) of starch. In practice, the extent of starch hydrolysis is measured in fluidity units, which correspond to a physical property of the hydrolyzed starch material. NIR spectra of samples taken periodically during a series of starch-thinning reactions were used to predict fluidity. The standard error of prediction (SEP) was 1.06 mL with the use of partial least-squares (PLS) regression in conjunction with digital Fourier filtering. This SEP was significantly better than that reported before with a univariate calibration model based on the integrated area of the 4400 cm−1 (2272 nm) absorption band for carbohydrates. The improved SEP meets the industry demands for real-time monitoring. Although these calibration models were developed from samples prepared in the laboratory, no spectroscopic differences were apparent between spectra collected from these laboratory samples and spectra collected from samples taken directly from plant starch slurries during actual thinning reactions. This similarity in spectral features, and hence chemical matrix, supports the potential of NIR spectroscopy for on-line monitoring of industrial starch-thinning processes.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on the detection of blood in sheep faeces using visible-near infrared spectroscopy as a measure of Haemonchus contortus infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Ai Hwee Kho ◽  
Jill N. Fernandes ◽  
Andrew C. Kotze ◽  
Glen P. Fox ◽  
Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Good Prediction Accuracy

Abstract Background: Existing diagnostic methods for the parasitic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, are time consuming and require specialised expertise, limiting their utility in the field. A practical, on-farm diagnostic tool could facilitate timely treatment decisions, preventing production and welfare loss in the flock. We previously demonstrated the ability of visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy to detect and quantify blood in sheep faeces with high accuracy. Here we investigate whether variation in sheep type and environment affect the prediction accuracy of vis-NIR spectroscopy in quantifying blood in faeces.Methods: Vis-NIR spectra were obtained from worm-free sheep faeces from different environments in South Australia (SA) and New South Wales (NSW), Australia and spiked with various sheep blood concentrations collected. Spectra were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and calibration models were built around the haemoglobin (Hb) wavelength region (387 – 609 nm) using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Models were used to predict Hb concentrations in spiked faeces from SA and naturally infected Queensland (QLD) faeces. Naturally occurring blood in QLD samples was quantified using Hemastix® and FAMACHA© scores.Results: PCA showed that location, class of sheep and pooled/individual samples were factors affecting the Hb predictions in sheep faeces. The calibration models successfully differentiated ‘healthy’ SA samples from those requiring anthelmintic treatment with moderate to good prediction accuracy (sensitivity: 57 – 94%, specificity: 44 – 79%). The models were not predictive for naturally infected QLD samples, which may be due in part to variability of faecal background and blood chemistry between samples, or the difference in validation methods used for blood quantification. PCA of QLD samples, however, identified a difference between samples containing high and low quantities of blood.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of vis-NIR spectroscopy for estimating blood concentration in faeces from various types of sheep and environmental backgrounds. However, the calibration models developed here did not capture enough environmental variation to accurately predict Hb in faeces collected from environments different to those used in the calibration model. Consequently, it will be necessary to establish models that incorporate samples that are more representative of areas where H. contortus is endemic for the accurate prediction of H. contortus infections in these regions.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on the detection of blood in sheep faeces using visible-near infrared spectroscopy as a measure of Haemonchus contortus infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Ai Hwee Kho ◽  
Jill N. Fernandes ◽  
Andrew C. Kotze ◽  
Glen P. Fox ◽  
Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Good Prediction Accuracy

Abstract Background: Existing diagnostic methods for the parasitic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, are time consuming and require specialised expertise, limiting their utility in the field. A practical, on-farm diagnostic tool could facilitate timely treatment decisions, preventing production and welfare loss in the flock. We previously demonstrated the ability of visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy to detect and quantify blood in sheep faeces with high accuracy. Here we investigate whether variation in sheep type and environment affect the prediction accuracy of vis-NIR spectroscopy in quantifying blood in faeces. Methods: Vis-NIR spectra were obtained from worm-free sheep faeces collected from different environments and sheep types in South Australia (SA) and New South Wales (NSW), Australia and spiked with various sheep blood concentrations. Spectra were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and calibration models were built around the haemoglobin (Hb) wavelength region (387 – 609 nm) using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Models were used to predict Hb concentrations in spiked faeces from SA and naturally infected sheep faeces from Queensland (QLD). QLD samples were quantified using Hemastix® and FAMACHA © scores. Results: PCA showed that location, class of sheep and pooled/individual samples were factors affecting the Hb predictions. The models successfully differentiated ‘healthy’ SA samples from those requiring anthelmintic treatment with moderate to good prediction accuracy (sensitivity: 57 – 94%, specificity: 44 – 79%). The models were not predictive for blood in naturally infected QLD samples, which may be due in part to variability of faecal background and blood chemistry between samples, or the difference in validation methods used for blood quantification. PCA of QLD samples, however, identified a difference between samples containing high and low quantities of blood. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of vis-NIR spectroscopy for estimating blood concentration in faeces from various types of sheep and environmental backgrounds. However, the calibration models developed here did not capture enough environmental variation to accurately predict Hb in faeces collected from environments different to those used in the calibration model. Consequently, it will be necessary to establish models that incorporate samples that are more representative of areas where H. contortus is endemic.

On-line identification of silkworm pupae gender by short-wavelength near infrared spectroscopy and pattern recognition technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 096703352199974
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Yichao Xu ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Guozheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Line Identification ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
On Line

The gender identification of silkworm pupae is a critical step in the sericulture industry's breeding process. In this study, a low cost, short-wavelength (815-1075 nm) near infrared (NIR) spectrometer combined with multivariate spectra evaluation methods was used to establish calibration models for the on-line identification of female and male pupae of eight silkworm varieties (Hibiscus, Jingsong, 932, Xiang Hui, 7532×Xiang Hui, Haoyue B, Jingsong B, and 7532). The diffuse reflection short-wavelength spectra were recorded, and then principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) were tested for calibration model development. The PCA and LDA results showed, that spectral differences between the female and male silkworm pupae existed, however, the two evaluation techniques could not separate the female and male silkworm pupae with the required accuracy. The PLSDA calibration models, on the other hand, could separate the pupae according to their gender with the necessary prediction accuracy of >98.44%. Thus, it has been proved, that a low-cost, short-wavelength range NIR spectrometer in combination with a PLSDA calibration routine can be successfully applied for the reliable on-line identification of female and male silkworm pupae.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on the detection of blood in sheep faeces using visible–near-infrared spectroscopy as a measure of Haemonchus contortus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Kho ◽  
Jill N. Fernandes ◽  
Andrew C. Kotze ◽  
Glen P. Fox ◽  
Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Good Prediction Accuracy

Abstract Background Existing diagnostic methods for the parasitic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, are time consuming and require specialised expertise, limiting their utility in the field. A practical, on-farm diagnostic tool could facilitate timely treatment decisions, thereby preventing losses in production and flock welfare. We previously demonstrated the ability of visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy to detect and quantify blood in sheep faeces with high accuracy. Here we report our investigation of whether variation in sheep type and environment affect the prediction accuracy of Vis–NIR spectroscopy in quantifying blood in faeces. Methods Visible–NIR spectra were obtained from worm-free sheep faeces collected from different environments and sheep types in South Australia (SA) and New South Wales, Australia and spiked with various sheep blood concentrations. Spectra were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and calibration models were built around the haemoglobin (Hb) wavelength region (387–609 nm) using partial least squares regression. Models were used to predict Hb concentrations in spiked faeces from SA and naturally infected sheep faeces from Queensland (QLD). Samples from QLD were quantified using Hemastix® test strip and FAMACHA© diagnostic test scores. Results Principal component analysis showed that location, class of sheep and pooled versus individual samples were factors affecting the Hb predictions. The models successfully differentiated ‘healthy’ SA samples from those requiring anthelmintic treatment with moderate to good prediction accuracy (sensitivity 57–94%, specificity 44–79%). The models were not predictive for blood in the naturally infected QLD samples, which may be due in part to variability of faecal background and blood chemistry between samples, or the difference in validation methods used for blood quantification. PCA of the QLD samples, however, identified a difference between samples containing high and low quantities of blood. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of Vis–NIR spectroscopy for estimating blood concentration in faeces from various types of sheep and environmental backgrounds. However, the calibration models developed here did not capture sufficient environmental variation to accurately predict Hb in faeces collected from environments different to those used in the calibration model. Consequently, it will be necessary to establish models that incorporate samples that are more representative of areas where H. contortus is endemic.

On-line application of visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict physical and sensory characteristics of beef quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
N Prieto ◽  
D W Ross ◽  
E A Navajas ◽  
G Nute ◽  
R I Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Meat Samples

Visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) has been widely used by the industry research-base for large-scale meat quality evaluation to predict the chemical composition of meat quickly and accurately. Meat tenderness is measured by means of slow and destructive methods (e.g. Warner-Bratzler shear force). Similarly, sensory analysis, using trained panellists, requires large meat samples and is a complex, expensive and time-consuming technique. Nevertheless, these characteristics are important criteria that affect consumers’ evaluation of beef quality. Vis-NIR technique provides information about the molecular bonds (chemical constituents) and tissue ultra-structure in a scanned sample and thus can indirectly predict physical or sensory parameters of meat samples. Applications of Vis-NIR spectroscopy in an abattoir for prediction of physical and sensory characteristics have been less developed than in other fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the on-line Vis-NIR spectroscopy for the prediction of beef quality characteristics such as colour, instrumental texture, water holding capacity (WHC) and sensory traits, by direct application of a fibre-optic probe to the M. longissimus thoracis with no prior sample treatment.

scholarly journals Determination of glomalin in agriculture and forest soils by near-infrared spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbíral Jiří ◽  
Čižmár David ◽  
Malý Stanislav ◽  
Obdržálková Elena
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Calibration Models

Determining and characterizing soil organic matter (SOM) cheaply and reliably can help to support decisions concerning sustainable land management and climate policy. Glomalin was recommended as one of possible indicators of SOM quality. Extracting glomalin from and determining it in soils using classical chemical methods is too complicated and therefore near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied as a method of choice for the determination of glomalin. Representative sets of 84 different soil samples from arable land and grasslands and 75 forest soils were used to develop NIRS calibration models. The parameters of the NIRS calibration model (R = 0.90 for soils from arable land and grasslands and R = 0.94 for forest soils) proved that glomalin can be determined in air-dried soils by NIRS with adequate trueness and precision simultaneously with determination of nitrogen and oxidizable carbon.

Assessment of the Pulpwood Quality of Standing Trees Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A117-A123 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Schimleck ◽  
A. J. Michell ◽  
C. A. Raymond ◽  
A. Muneri
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Sampling Height ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Whole Tree

In Australia, considerable effort has been directed at improving the pulp yield of plantation grown trees through tree breeding programs. However, an improvement in pulp yield relies on the assessment of large numbers of trees. Traditional methods of assessment are expensive, time consuming and destructive, inhibiting their use. Cores can be extracted non-destructively from standing trees using TRECOR, a handheld motor driven drill. The cores are milled, their near-infrared spectra obtained and pulp yield estimated using an appropriate calibration model. The height at which the core is taken is very important. It must represent the whole tree and sampling must be easy and practical. The longitudinal and radial (within-tree) variation of pulp yield for 15 Eucalyptus nitens trees was examined using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The trees were taken from three families (five trees per family) selected for giving high, medium and low pulp yields respectively. Three trees (one from each family) were examined in detail. Maps of within-tree variation of pulp yield were developed. Pulp yield was found to be highly variable within individual trees and between trees of the same family. The yield of samples from 10% of tree height (approximately 2.2 m) gave the best correlation with whole-tree yield. Samples from 5% of tree height (approximately 1.1 m) gave a slightly lower correlation but provided a more convenient sampling height. Ten Eucalyptus globulus and ten E. nitens trees growing on five sites in Australia were used to examine the longitudinal variation of pulp yield. Trees from sites in Tasmania, Western Australia and Victoria were sampled. The optimal sampling height for E. globulus was 1.1 m. No single sampling height could be recommended for E. nitens due to large site effects.

scholarly journals Estimation of Secondary Soil Properties by Fusion of Laboratory and On-Line Measured Vis–NIR Spectra

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Munnaf ◽  
Said Nawar ◽  
Abdul Mounem Mouazen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line

Visible and near infrared (vis–NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has made invaluable contributions to the accurate estimation of soil properties having direct and indirect spectral responses in NIR spectroscopy with measurements made in laboratory, in situ or using on-line (while the sensor is moving) platforms. Measurement accuracies vary with measurement type, for example, accuracy is higher for laboratory than on-line modes. On-line measurement accuracy deteriorates further for secondary (having indirect spectral response) soil properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve on-line measurement accuracy of secondary properties by fusion of laboratory and on-line scanned spectra. Six arable fields were scanned using an on-line sensing platform coupled with a vis–NIR spectrophotometer (CompactSpec by Tec5 Technology for spectroscopy, Germany), with a spectral range of 305–1700 nm. A total of 138 soil samples were collected and used to develop five calibration models: (i) standard, using 100 laboratory scanned samples; (ii) hybrid-1, using 75 laboratory and 25 on-line samples; (iii) hybrid-2, using 50 laboratory and 50 on-line samples; (iv) hybrid-3, using 25 laboratory and 75 on-line samples, and (v) real-time using 100 on-line samples. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed for soil pH, available potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) and quality of models were validated using an independent prediction dataset (38 samples). Validation results showed that the standard models with laboratory scanned spectra provided poor to moderate accuracy for on-line prediction, and the hybrid-3 and real-time models provided the best prediction results, although hybrid-2 model with 50% on-line spectra provided equally good results for all properties except for pH and Na. These results suggest that either the real-time model with exclusively on-line spectra or the hybrid model with fusion up to 50% (except for pH and Na) and 75% on-line scanned spectra allows significant improvement of on-line prediction accuracy for secondary soil properties using vis–NIR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Rapid Determination of Nutritional Parameters of Pasta/Sauce Blends by Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina D. G. Neves ◽  
Ronei J. Poppi ◽  
Heinz W. Siesler
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future

Nowadays, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has experienced a rapid progress in miniaturization (instruments < 100 g are presently available), and the price for handheld systems has reached the < $500 level for high lot sizes. Thus, the stage is set for NIR spectroscopy to become the technique of choice for food and beverage testing, not only in industry but also as a consumer application. However, contrary to the (in our opinion) exaggerated claims of some direct-to-consumer companies regarding the performance of their “food scanners” with “cloud evaluation of big data”, the present publication will demonstrate realistic analytical data derived from the development of partial least squares (PLS) calibration models for six different nutritional parameters (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sugar, and fiber) based on the NIR spectra of a broad range of different pasta/sauce blends recorded with a handheld instrument. The prediction performance of the PLS calibration models for the individual parameters was double-checked by cross-validation (CV) and test-set validation. The results obtained suggest that in the near future consumers will be able to predict the nutritional parameters of their meals by using handheld NIR spectroscopy under every-day life conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document