New Instrumental Techniques and Their Application to Electron Microprobe Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Smith ◽  
Lee R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Phase Sensitive ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper reviews several applications of new instrumentation which have been developed for the electron microprobe analyzer and the scanning electron microscope. By using signal modulation techniques and phase sensitive detection, the information from the scanning electron microscope is made more quantitative. Digital techniques applied to photomultiplier outputs allow more sensitive and quantitative measurements of cathodoluminescence intensities and secondary electron emission. The technique of pulse rate analysis is used to enhance the information contained in x-ray scanning micrographs from an electron microprobe analyzer. Several examples of these techniques are discussed.

Réactivités aux alcalis du grès de Potsdam dans les bétons

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Berard ◽  
N. Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Alkali Silica Reactivity ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Scanning Electron

Numerous old concrete structures showing signs of disintegration are found in the Beauharnois–Valleyfield area located to the southwest of Montreal.After a short examination of some of the structures, evidences of alkali–silica reactivity appear to be related to sandstone aggregates belonging to the Potsdam group. This rock type, although common in the state of New York and in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, is only very rarely used as an aggregate owing to its hardness and abrasion. Nevertheless, when available from important excavation sites it has sometimes been used as an aggregate with ordinary alkali-rich cements.The products of the chemical reactions between the siliceous aggregates and the cement were studied with a polarizing microscope, a scanning electron microscope, an electron microprobe, and a thermobalance and differential thermoanalyser.During these studies superposed layers of silica gel of variable composition were found and secondary minerals were also identified. The Na/K ratio was found to increase in the more recent layers of silica gel suggesting that sodium could have been added within the structures as winter de-icing salts.The hypothesis is put forward that even if a low alkali cement is used with this Potsdam sandstone, alkali–silica reactivity could still occur in the presence of alkalies from external sources.

Metallography and Corrosion Product Studies on Archaeological Bronze Fragments from the Qu Cun Site

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Chase ◽  
Quanyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe authors studied a suite of fragments of corroded bronzes from the Tienma-Qu Cun site, a Western Zhou city and cemetery complex dating from ca. 1000 to ca. 650 B.C‥ Conventional metallographic techniques were used along with scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe and x-ray diffraction. The bronzes are very varied in structure and composition. Most are cast, moderate-tin bronzes, but some are high or low in tin or lead. A few show a worked and annealed structure, and some of the cast bronzes were also heat treated (possibly by use as cooking pots). corrosion patterns also vary greatly, from almost uncorroded to total mineralization. Periodic and esquential corrosion phenomena were detected, as well as patination applied when the bronzes were made. We had hoped to be able to ascertain the causes of the different penetration of corrosion in these samples, but that must remain for future work.

Electron Microprobe and Scanning Electron Microscope Investigations on Plate-Shaped CdS Single Crystals

1968 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. K89-K90
Author(s):  
P. Flögel ◽  
E. Nebauer ◽  
H.-J. Ullrich ◽  
S. Däbritz ◽  
F. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Scanning Electron

Study of ferroelectric domains on G.A.S.H. single crystals by the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
R. Le Bihan ◽  
G. Jouet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Decoration Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ferroelectric properties of guanidine aluminium sulphate hexahydrate (G.A.S.H.) were discovered in 1955 (1). The polar axis was found to be perpendicular to the natural cleavage plane. The domain structure of G.A.S.H. have been observed by Pearson and Feldman (2) by pulver technique, Yuri at al. (3) by electroluminescence and B. Hilczer at al. (4-5) by electron microscope decoration techniqueWe study domain structure in G.A.S.H. single crystals whithout metallization with a scanning electron microscope (S.E.M.). Figure 1 shows the observations obtained on a no etched crystal observed with a scanning electron microscope in the secondary electron emission mode; we see a domain. When the accelerating voltage Vacc of the incident beam pass from 2.3 KV. to 5 KV. the contrast between domains is inversed. At 3.5 KV. the contrast is the same that at 5 KV. but the domain wall is more precise. The inversion of contrast is obtained between 3.3 KV. and 3.4 KV. ; and in this inversion zone we have not any contrast due to the domain or to its boundary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document