Pressure and Density Dependence of the CH4 and N2 Raman Lines in an Equimolar CH4/N2 Gas Mixture

Experiments have been performed to determine the variations of the peak area for the CH4 and N2 Raman lines along with their frequency shift and broadening, as a function of pressure and density, in the case of an equimolar CH4/N2 gas mixture. A comparison is made between the relative values of the Raman scattering cross sections for the two species and the values of the internal field term, versus density of the mixture, showing that the density dependences of these physical quantities become more dissimilar as density increases. Moreover, the ratio of the peak areas for the CH4 and N2 Raman lines is found to be constant in the entire pressure range used. From a practical point of view, these results for gas mixtures could be useful in quantitative analysis of fluid inclusions in rocks.

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Determination of Odor Intensity of Binary Gas Mixtures Using Perceptual Models and an Electronic Nose Combined with Fuzzy Logic

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19163473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (16) ◽

pp. 3473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Szulczyński ◽

Gębicki

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Point Of View ◽

Odor Intensity ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Electronic Noses ◽

Practical Point ◽

Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽

Holistic Analysis ◽

Analyze Data

Measurement and monitoring of air quality in terms of odor nuisance is an important problem. From a practical point of view, it would be most valuable to directly link the odor intensity with the results of analytical air monitoring. Such a solution is offered by electronic noses, which thanks to the possibility of holistic analysis of the gas sample, allow estimation of the odor intensity of the gas mixture. The biggest problem is the occurrence of odor interactions between the mixture components. For this reason, methods that can take into account the interaction between components of the mixture are used to analyze data from the e-nose. In the presented study, the fuzzy logic algorithm was proposed for determination of odor intensity of binary mixtures of eight odorants: n-Hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, o-xylene, trimethylamine, triethylamine, α-pinene, and β-pinene. The proposed algorithm was compared with four theoretical perceptual models: Euclidean additivity, vectorial additivity, U model, and UPL model.

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Quantitative Analysis in High Resolution Transmission Scanning Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100064177 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 24-25

Author(s):

A. V. Crewe ◽

J. Wall

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

High Resolution ◽

Cross Sections ◽

High Efficiency ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Incident Beam ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Additive Functions ◽

Scanning Microscope ◽

Scattering Cross Sections

The scanning microscope is ideally suited for gathering quantitative information about an object, since its outputs are voltage signals which are measures of the interactions of the incident beam with the volume of the specimen struck by the beam. These signals vary in real time as the beam scans and can be processed electronically to assign a “number” to each element of the scanned matrix.Elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections have been selected as the two useful numbers to characterize a specimen since both are 1) additive functions of specimen composition, 2) unambiguously measurable with high efficiency, 3) Independent of microscope parameters, and 4) measurable with high spatial resolution (<5Å).

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Derivation of inelastic-electron-scattering cross sections from quantitative analysis of reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.58.8087 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 58 (12) ◽

pp. 8087-8096 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Y. F. Chen

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Energy Loss ◽

Electron Energy ◽

Electron Scattering ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Inelastic Electron ◽

Scattering Cross ◽

Scattering Cross Sections ◽

Electron Energy Loss ◽

Electron Energy Loss Spectra

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SCATTERING BY A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CYLINDER IN A COMPRESSIBLE PLASMA

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p64-042 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 465-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. R. Seshadri ◽

I. L. Morris ◽

R. J. Mailloux

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Plasma Frequency ◽

P Wave ◽

Wave Number ◽

Compressible Plasma ◽

Backscattering Cross Section ◽

Scattering Cross Sections ◽

Physical Quantities ◽

Wave Incidence ◽

Quantities Of Interest

The scattering of a plane electromagnetic (EM) or plasma (P) wave by a perfectly conducting and rigid circular cylinder immersed in an isotropic compressible plasma is treated. Expressions for all the physical quantities of interest are obtained in the form of infinite series. For the case of a plane EM wave incidence, numerical results for the current induced on the surface of the cylinder, the total scattering cross sections, and the backscattering cross section are obtained as a function of ke0a for various values of the plasma frequency, where a is the radius of the cylinder and keo is the wave number of the EM wave in free space.

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Micro-structure studies of the molten binary K3AlF6–Al2O3 system by in situ high temperature Raman spectroscopy and theoretical simulation

Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/c8qi00226f ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 1861-1868 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nan Ma ◽

Jinglin You ◽

Liming Lu ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Min Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

High Temperature ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Raman Scattering ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Micro Structure ◽

Theoretical Simulation ◽

Scattering Cross ◽

Scattering Cross Sections

This work was the first to use normalized Raman scattering cross-sections to carry out quantitative analysis in the melts.

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The effect of the internal field on Raman scattering cross sections

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy ◽

10.1002/jrs.1250010309 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 305-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

James R. Nestor ◽

Ellis R. Lippincott

Keyword(s):

Raman Scattering ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Internal Field ◽

Scattering Cross ◽

Scattering Cross Sections

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Absolute inner-shell cross section determination for EELS analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010473x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 534-535

Author(s):

P.A. Crozier

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Absolute Cross Section ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Mass Thickness ◽

Scattering Cross ◽

Before And After ◽

Estimated Error ◽

Scattering Cross Sections ◽

Electron Microscopist

Absolute inelastic scattering cross sections or mean free paths are often used in EELS analysis for determining elemental concentrations and specimen thickness. In most instances, theoretical values must be used because there have been few attempts to determine experimental scattering cross sections from solids under the conditions of interest to electron microscopist. In addition to providing data for spectral quantitation, absolute cross section measurements yields useful information on many of the approximations which are frequently involved in EELS analysis procedures. In this paper, experimental cross sections are presented for some inner-shell edges of Al, Cu, Ag and Au.Uniform thin films of the previously mentioned materials were prepared by vacuum evaporation onto microscope cover slips. The cover slips were weighed before and after evaporation to determine the mass thickness of the films. The estimated error in this method of determining mass thickness was ±7 x 107g/cm2. The films were floated off in water and mounted on Cu grids.

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Tertiary Nitrification Pilot Plants on Parisian Waste Water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0159 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Paffoni ◽

B. Védry ◽

M. Gousailles

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Point Of View ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Research Center ◽

Daily Output ◽

Practical Point ◽

Fixed Bed Reactors

The Paris Metropolitan area, which contains over eight million inhabitants, has a daily output of about 3 M cu.meters of wastewater, the purification of which is achieved by SIAAP (Paris Metropolitan Area Sewage Service) in both Achères and Valenton plants. The carbon pollution is eliminated from over 2 M cu.m/day at Achères. In order to improve the quality of output water, its tertiary nitrification in fixed-bed reactors has been contemplated. The BIOFOR (Degremont) and BIOCARBONE (OTV) processes could be tested in semi-industrial pilot reactors at the CRITER research center of SIAAP. At a reference temperature of 13°C, the removed load is approximately 0.5 kg N NH4/m3.day. From a practical point of view, it may be asserted that in such operating conditions as should be at the Achères plant, one cubic meter of filter can handle the tertiary nitification of one cubic meter of purified water per hour at an effluent temperature of 13°C.

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