scholarly journals Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e3001123
Author(s):  
Daichi Susaki ◽  
Takamasa Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Maruyama ◽  
Minako Ueda ◽  
Tetsuya Higashiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar–chalazal (distal–proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of MYB98pro::GFP–MYB98, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type and myb98 mutant revealed that the myb98 synergid cells had egg cell–like gene expression profiles. Although in myb98, egg cell–specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell–specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type–specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the cell fate specifications during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Susaki ◽  
Takamasa Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Maruyama ◽  
Minako Ueda ◽  
Tetsuya Higashiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

ABSTRACTThe female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation, and the final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during their development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of its individual cell types, to assess the cell fate specifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the one-nucleate stage to the seven-cell stage after cellularization, using the in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar–chalazal axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with forming edge of the cell plate. Then, each polar nucleus migrated to fuse linearly towards each other. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of the MYB98pro∷GFP, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated before cellularization, and then restricted to the synergid cells after cellularization. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild type and myb98 mutant, revealed that the myb98 synergid cells had the egg cell-like gene expression profile. Although in the myb98, the egg cell-specific gene expressions were properly initiated only in the egg cells after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the two synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell-specific genes suggest the complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell-type-specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding female gametophyte development

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J Skinner ◽  
Venkatesan Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Reproductive Unit ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

The haploid female gametophyte (embryo sac) is an essential reproductive unit of flowering plants, usually comprising four specialized cell types, including the female gametes (egg cell and central cell). The differentiation of these cells relies on spatial signals which pattern the gametophyte along a proximal-distal axis, but the molecular and genetic mechanisms by which cell identities are determined in the embryo sac have long been a mystery. Recent identification of key genes for cell fate specification and their relationship to hormonal signaling pathways that act on positional cues has provided new insights into these processes. A model for differentiation can be devised with egg cell fate as a default state of the female gametophyte and with other cell types specified by the action of spatially regulated factors. Cell-to-cell communication within the gametophyte is also important for maintaining cell identity as well as facilitating fertilization of the female gametes by the male gametes (sperm cells).

Dynamics and roles of phragmoplast microfilaments in cell plate formation during cytokinesis of tobacco BY-2 cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2051-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
WenJie Zhang ◽  
Frantisek Baluska ◽  
Diedrik Menzel ◽  
HaiYun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

scholarly journals Diversification of sterol methyltransferase enzymes in plants and a role for β-sitosterol in oriented cell plate formation and polarized growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamoto ◽  
Anne-Catherine Schmit ◽  
Dimitri Heintz ◽  
Hubert Schaller ◽  
Daisaku Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Polarized Growth ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Sterol Methyltransferase

scholarly journals Functional Promiscuity of Gene Regulation by Serpentine Receptors in Dictyostelium discoideum

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5744-5749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Verkerke-Van Wijk ◽  
Ji-Yun Kim ◽  
Raymond Brandt ◽  
Peter N. Devreotes ◽  
Pauline Schaap
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Mutant Cell ◽  
Gene Induction ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Camp Stimulation

ABSTRACT Serpentine receptors such as smoothened and frizzled play important roles in cell fate determination during animal development. InDictyostelium discoideum, four serpentine cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptors (cARs) regulate expression of multiple classes of developmental genes. To understand their function, it is essential to know whether each cAR is coupled to a specific gene regulatory pathway or whether specificity results from the different developmental regulation of individual cARs. To distinguish between these possibilities, we measured gene induction in car1 car3 double mutant cell lines that express equal levels of either cAR1, cAR2, or cAR3 under a constitutive promoter. We found that all cARs efficiently mediate both aggregative gene induction by cAMP pulses and induction of postaggregative and prespore genes by persistent cAMP stimulation. Two exceptions to this functional promiscuity were observed. (i) Only cAR1 can mediate adenosine inhibition of cAMP-induced prespore gene expression, a phenomenon that was found earlier in wild-type cells. cAR1’s mediation of adenosine inhibition suggests that cAR1 normally mediates prespore gene induction. (ii) Only cAR2 allows entry into the prestalk pathway. Prestalk gene expression is induced by differentiation-inducing factor (DIF) but only after cells have been prestimulated with cAMP. We found that DIF-induced prestalk gene expression is 10 times higher in constitutive cAR2 expressors than in constitutive cAR1 or cAR3 expressors (which still have endogenous cAR2), suggesting that cAR2 mediates induction of DIF competence. Since in wild-type slugs cAR2 is expressed only in anterior cells, this could explain the so far puzzling observations that prestalk cells differentiate at the anterior region but that DIF levels are actually higher at the posterior region. After the initial induction of DIF competence, cAMP becomes a repressor of prestalk gene expression. This function can again be mediated by cAR1, cAR2, and cAR3.

scholarly journals Identification and evaluation of the novel genes for transcript normalization during female gametophyte development in sugarcane

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12298
Author(s):  
Maokai Yan ◽  
Xingyue Jin ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Huihuang Chen ◽  
Tao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

Background Sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum L.), the major sugar and biofuel feedstock crop, is cultivated mainly by vegetative propagation worldwide due to the infertility of female reproductive organs resulting in the reduction of quality and output of sugar. Deciphering the gene expression profile during ovule development will improve our understanding of the complications underlying sexual reproduction in sugarcane. Optimal reference genes are essential for elucidating the expression pattern of a given gene by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Method In this study, based on transcriptome data obtained from sugarcane ovule, eighteen candidate reference genes were identified, cloned, and their expression levels were evaluated across five developmental stages ovule (AC, MMC, Meiosis, Mitosis, and Mature). Results Our results indicated that FAB2 and MOR1 were the most stably expressed genes during sugarcane female gametophyte development. Moreover, two genes, cell cycle-related genes REC8 and CDK, were selected, and their feasibility was validated. This study provides important insights into the female gametophyte development of sugarcane and reports novel reference genes for gene expression research on sugarcane sexual reproduction.

scholarly journals Very-long-chain fatty acids are required for cell plate formation during cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (19) ◽  
pp. 3223-3234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bach ◽  
L. Gissot ◽  
J. Marion ◽  
F. Tellier ◽  
P. Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Cytokinesis in tobacco BY-2 and root tip cells: a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants.

1995 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Samuels ◽  
T H Giddings ◽  
L A Staehelin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
New Model ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

Cell plate formation in tobacco root tips and synchronized dividing suspension cultured tobacco BY-2 cells was examined using cryofixation and immunocytochemical methods. Due to the much improved preservation of the cells, many new structural intermediates have been resolved, which has led to a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants. Our electron micrographs demonstrate that cell plate formation consists of the following stages: (1) the arrival of Golgi-derived vesicles in the equatorial plane, (2) the formation of thin (20 +/- 6 nm) tubes that grow out of individual vesicles and fuse with others giving rise to a continuous, interwoven, tubulo-vesicular network, (3) the consolidation of the tubulo-vesicular network into an interwoven smooth tubular network rich in callose and then into a fenestrated plate-like structure, (4) the formation of hundreds of finger-like projections at the margins of the cell plate that fuse with the parent cell membrane, and (5) cell plate maturation that includes closing of the plate fenestrae and cellulose synthesis. Although this is a temporal chain of events, a developing cell plate may be simultaneously involved in all of these stages because cell plate formation starts in the cell center and then progresses centrifugally towards the cell periphery. The "leading edge" of the expanding cell plate is associated with the phragmoplast microtubule domain that becomes concentrically displaced during this process. Thus, cell plate formation can be summarized into two phases: first the formation of a membrane network in association with the phragmoplast microtubule domain; second, cell wall assembly within this network after displacement of the microtubules. The phragmoplast microtubules end in a filamentous matrix that encompasses the delicate tubulo-vesicular networks but not the tubular networks and fenestrated plates. Clathrin-coated buds/vesicles and multivesicular bodies are also typical features of the network stages of cell plate formation, suggesting that excess membrane material may be recycled in a selective manner. Immunolabeling data indicate that callose is the predominant lumenal component of forming cell plates and that it forms a coat-like structure on the membrane surface. We postulate that callose both helps to mechanically stabilize the early delicate membrane networks of forming cell plates, and to create a spreading force that widens the tubules and converts them into plate-like structures. Cellulose is first detected in the late smooth tubular network stage and its appearance seems to coincide with the flattening and stiffening of the cell plate.

Phragmoplastin dynamics: multiple forms, microtubule association and their roles in cell plate formation in plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglie Hong ◽  
C. Jane Geisler-Lee ◽  
Zhongming Zhang ◽  
Desh Pal S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

Einfluß von Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. auf die Zellteilung

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pfitzer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
Pseudococcus Maritimus ◽  
Female Flowers

The mealy-bug Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. suppresses as specific disturbance cell plate formation in dividing cells of female flowers without interfering with the division of the nuclei. Host plants were three different species of the aroid Aglaonema. The result are multinucleated cells whose differentiation in cells of pistil, ovary, and embryo-sac is practically undisturbed.

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