scholarly journals Selfish chromosomal drive shapes recent centromeric histone evolution in monkeyflowers

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009418
Author(s):  
Findley R. Finseth ◽  
Thomas C. Nelson ◽  
Lila Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Kinetochore Protein ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Stable Frequency ◽  
Protein Components

Centromeres are essential mediators of chromosomal segregation, but both centromeric DNA sequences and associated kinetochore proteins are paradoxically diverse across species. The selfish centromere model explains rapid evolution by both components via an arms-race scenario: centromeric DNA variants drive by distorting chromosomal transmission in female meiosis and attendant fitness costs select on interacting proteins to restore Mendelian inheritance. Although it is clear than centromeres can drive and that drive often carries costs, female meiotic drive has not been directly linked to selection on kinetochore proteins in any natural system. Here, we test the selfish model of centromere evolution in a yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) population polymorphic for a costly driving centromere (D). We show that theDhaplotype is structurally and genetically distinct and swept to a high stable frequency within the past 1500 years. We use quantitative genetic mapping to demonstrate that context-dependence in the strength of drive (from near-100%Dtransmission in interspecific hybrids to near-Mendelian in within-population crosses) primarily reflects variable vulnerability of the non-driving competitor chromosomes, but also map an unlinked modifier of drive coincident with kinetochore protein Centromere-specific Histone 3 A (CenH3A). Finally, CenH3A exhibits a recent (<1000 years) selective sweep in our focal population, implicating local interactions withDin ongoing adaptive evolution of this kinetochore protein. Together, our results demonstrate an active co-evolutionary arms race between DNA and protein components of the meiotic machinery inMimulus, with important consequences for individual fitness and molecular divergence.

scholarly journals Selfish chromosomal drive shapes recent centromeric histone evolution in monkeyflowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Findley R. Finseth ◽  
Thom C. Nelson ◽  
Lila Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Selective Sweep ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Stable Frequency ◽  
Protein Components

AbstractUnder the selfish centromere model, costs associated with female meiotic drive by centromeres select on interacting kinetochore proteins to restore Mendelian inheritance. We directly test this model in yellow monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus), which are polymorphic for a costly driving centromere (D). We show that the D haplotype is structurally and genetically distinct and swept to a high stable frequency within the past 1500 years. Quantitative genetic analyses reveal that variation in the strength of drive primarily depends on the identity of the non-D centromere, but also identified an unlinked modifier coincident with kinetochore protein Centromere-specific Histone 3 A (CenH3A). CenH3A has also experienced a recent (<1000 years) selective sweep in our focal population, consistent with ongoing interactions with D shaping its evolution. Together, our results demonstrate an active co-evolutionary arms race between the DNA and protein components of the meiotic machinery, with important consequences for individual fitness and molecular divergence.

scholarly journals Boom-Bust Turnovers of Megabase-Sized Centromeric DNA in Solanum Species: Rapid Evolution of DNA Sequences Associated with Centromeres

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1436-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqin Zhang ◽  
Andrea Koblížková ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Zhiyun Gong ◽  
Ludmila Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Centromeric Dna

scholarly journals Dynamic DNA Origami Devices: from Strand-Displacement Reactions to External-Stimuli Responsive Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heini Ijäs ◽  
Sami Nummelin ◽  
Boxuan Shen ◽  
Mauri Kostiainen ◽  
Veikko Linko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Dna Origami ◽  
Dna Assembly ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Displacement Reactions ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
External Stimuli

DNA nanotechnology provides an excellent foundation for diverse nanoscale structures that can be used in various bioapplications and materials research. Among all existing DNA assembly techniques, DNA origami proves to be the most robust one for creating custom nanoshapes. Since its invention in 2006, building from the bottom up using DNA advanced drastically, and therefore, more and more complex DNA-based systems became accessible. So far, the vast majority of the demonstrated DNA origami frameworks are static by nature; however, there also exist dynamic DNA origami devices that are increasingly coming into view. In this review, we discuss DNA origami nanostructures that exhibit controlled translational or rotational movement when triggered by predefined DNA sequences, various molecular interactions, and/or external stimuli such as light, pH, temperature, and electromagnetic fields. The rapid evolution of such dynamic DNA origami tools will undoubtedly have a significant impact on molecular-scale precision measurements, targeted drug delivery and diagnostics; however, they can also play a role in the development of optical/plasmonic sensors, nanophotonic devices, and nanorobotics for numerous different tasks.

scholarly journals Sequential de novo centromere formation and inactivation on a chromosomal fragment in maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. E1263-E1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Liu ◽  
Handong Su ◽  
Junling Pang ◽  
Zhi Gao ◽  
Xiu-Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
De Novo ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Centromeric Repeat ◽  
And Function ◽  
Centromere Assembly ◽  
Derivatives Of

The ability of centromeres to alternate between active and inactive states indicates significant epigenetic aspects controlling centromere assembly and function. In maize (Zea mays), misdivision of the B chromosome centromere on a translocation with the short arm of chromosome 9 (TB-9Sb) can produce many variants with varying centromere sizes and centromeric DNA sequences. In such derivatives of TB-9Sb, we found a de novo centromere on chromosome derivative 3-3, which has no canonical centromeric repeat sequences. This centromere is derived from a 288-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 9, and is 19 megabases (Mb) removed from the translocation breakpoint of chromosome 9 in TB-9Sb. The functional B centromere in progenitor telo2-2 is deleted from derivative 3-3, but some B-repeat sequences remain. The de novo centromere of derivative 3-3 becomes inactive in three further derivatives with new centromeres being formed elsewhere on each chromosome. Our results suggest that de novo centromere initiation is quite common and can persist on chromosomal fragments without a canonical centromere. However, we hypothesize that when de novo centromeres are initiated in opposition to a larger normal centromere, they are cleared from the chromosome by inactivation, thus maintaining karyotype integrity.

scholarly journals Evolution in the Courtroom: Using Phylogenetics to Investigate Legal Claims of HIV Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Toups ◽  
Jeremy M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Fast Rates

DNA sequences have become ubiquitous across the biological sciences and are even embedded in the public psyche, perhaps most famously in the context of forensic science. A human being’s DNA changes very little over his or her lifetime, and this inherent stability lends itself well to positively identifying individuals using DNA samples. However, not all genomes are so stable, even over short timespans. One particularly dramatic example is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Unlike the human genome, the HIV-1 genome has an extraordinarily high mutation rate. This, in combination with recombination, rapid proliferation, and strong selection exerted by host immune systems, leads to exceptionally fast rates of evolution. The result of these interacting processes is a population of diverse and dynamically evolving HIV-1 genomes in the host, which is one reason why the virus is so difficult to eradicate. HIV-1’s rapid rate of evolution also prevents the use of standard DNA fingerprinting techniques that rely on stable, unchanging genomes to connect the infections in different individuals, but such rapid evolution does lend itself particularly well to phylogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals What can PIWI-interacting RNA research learn from chickens, and vice versa?

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
Xin Zhiguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model System ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
P Element ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Adaptive Immune

P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) interacting RNA (piRNA) are essential for fertility, by protecting the integrity of the germ-line genome via silencing of transposable elements (TE). Because new TE are constantly invading the host genome, piRNA-producing loci are under continuous pressure to undergo rapid evolution. This arms race between TE and piRNA is a prime example of the genome being more plastic than previously thought. Historically, the study of piRNA and TE has benefited from the use of diverse model organisms, including worms, fruit fly, zebrafish, frogs, and mice. In domestic chickens, we recently identified a new mode of piRNA acquisition in which the host hijacks and converts a pre-existing provirus into a piRNA-producing locus to defend against Avian leukosis virus, an adaptive immune strategy similar to the prokaryotic CRISPR–Cas [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas)] system. This finding reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism of the host piRNA repertoire to rapidly evolve and target TE specifically. In this review, we will focus on both the unique and common features of chicken piRNA, as well as the advantages of using chickens as a model system, to address fundamental questions regarding piRNA acquisition in hosts. We will also comment on the potential application of piRNA for improving poultry health and reproductive efficiency.

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