Programmatic factors associated with the limited impact of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin to control Onchocerciasis in three drainage basins of South West Cameroon

AbstractBackgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) remains a public health concern in Cameroon that requires regular surveillance for informed policy-making to guide programmatic interventions. Using data from the 2016 HIV national sentinel survey in Cameroon, we ascertained HIV prevalence and factors associated with risk of infection among pregnant womenMethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted throughout 2016 in the 10 regions of Cameroon, targeting 7000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees (4000 from urban and 3000 from rural areas) in 60 sentinel health facilities. HIV serological test was performed using the national serial algorithm at the National Reference Laboratory (NRL). Prevalence was determined, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of HIV infection, with p-value<0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 7000 targeted participants, a total of 6859 first ANC-1 attendees were enrolled (98.0% sampling coverage). Median age was 26 [IQR: 21-30] years and 47,40% had a secondary school level of education. The national prevalence of HIV was 5.70% (95% CI: 4.93 – 6.40) and range from 9.7% in East region to 2.6% in North region. The prevalence was 5.58% (95% CI: 95%: 4.88 – 6.35) in urban and 5.87% (95% CI: 5.04 – 6.78) in rural settings. Factors that were associated with HIV infection included marital status, women who were married or living with their partner are less likely to be infected than singles women (aOR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.46 – 0.78), multiparity [aOR=1.5(95%CI:1.0-2.2)] and been living in the Centre, East, North-west and South-west regions. HIV infection was also significantly associated with age, with the risk of being infected increasing with age.ConclusionPregnant women in Cameroon are still disproportionately infected with HIV compared with the general population (prevalence 4.3%). Preventive actions to curb the epidemic amongst pregnant women should prioritize interventions targeting single pregnant women, who are older, and residing particularly in the Centre, East, North West and South West regions of the country.

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Factors associated with low knowledge about sexually transmitted infections in subnormal agglomerate, in the Brazilian Amazon

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423621000700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff Ferreira ◽

Ingrid Saraiva de Oliveira ◽

Wanne Letícia Santos Freitas ◽

Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira ◽

Renata Karina Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Programmatic Factors

Abstract Background: Populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban areas are more vulnerable to infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In these groups, inadequate knowledge about sexually transmitted infections can further increase the risk of contracting STIs. Aim: We investigated the factors associated with low knowledge about STIs in a peripheral population in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, in the Amazon region that has a high percentage of subnormal agglomerates in an urban area and a high incidence of STIs. Random sampling was adopted which resulted in a sample of 320 participants. To assess knowledge about STIs, the self-administered Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire was used. To assess aspects of vulnerability, a questionnaire was constructed which is linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. The chi-square test, G test, and ordinal regression analyses were all performed. Findings: The sample of this study was composed of 320 participants. The mean age of the participants was 46.09 years. 37.5% (120), 50.6% (162), and 11.9% (38) showed low, medium, and high knowledge, respectively. Multiple analysis revealed that the factors associated with higher chance of having smaller knowledge about sexually transmitted infections were single/separated/divorced/widow(er) marital status (AOR: 1.80, CI: 1.15-2.84, P = 0.01); income equal to or less than one minimum wage (1.98, CI: 1.21-3.17, P = 0.00); equal to or over than 52 years old (AOR: 1.99, CI: 1.25-3.17, P = 0.00); lack of guidance by a health professional (AOR: 1.59, CI: 1.01-2.51, P = 0.04). Our results show that this community suffer from suboptimal levels of knowledge on STIs, which are linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. Characterising the risk and vulnerabilities factors allows for carrying out appropriate interventions for populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban area.

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Magnitude and factors associated with diabetic complication among diabetic patients attending Gurage Zone hospitals, South West Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.2.13197/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bereket Beyene Gebre ◽

Zebene Mekonnen Assefa

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Diabetic Complication ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

South West ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

South West Ethiopia

Abstract Objective To assess the magnitude of diabetic complication and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients attending in Gurage zone hospitals.Results According to this study the magnitude of diabetic complication among diabetic patients were 61% and the marital status; divorced [AOR: 0.252(0.11, 0.59); p=0.002], poor glycemic control [AOR: 1.88(1.04, 3.39); p=0.036], Body Mass Index >25 [AOR: 4.42(1.32, 14.86); p=0.016] and duration of illness > 6years [AOR:1.79 (1.02, 3.17) ; p=0.044] and 10years [AOR: 4.68(2.07, 10.61); p=<0.001] were significantly associated with diabetic complication.Key terms Diabetic complications, magnitude, associated factor

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