scholarly journals Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Low Childhood Immunisation Coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e37905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Wiysonge ◽  
Olalekan A. Uthman ◽  
Peter M. Ndumbe ◽  
Gregory D. Hussey
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunisation Coverage ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Decomposing the rural–urban gap in factors associated with childhood immunisation in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from surveys in 23 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e003773
Author(s):  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Yusuf Olushola Kareem ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Full Immunisation ◽  
Sub Saharan

BackgroundAbout 31 million children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffer from immunisation preventable diseases yearly and more than half a million children die because of lack of access to immunisation. Immunisation coverage has stagnated at 72% in SSA over the past 6 years. Due to evidence that full immunisation of children may be determined by place of residence, this study aimed at investigating the rural–urban differential in full childhood immunisation in SSA.MethodsThe data used for this study consisted of 26 241 children pooled from 23 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2010 and 2018 in SSA. We performed a Poisson regression analysis with robust Standard Errors (SEs) to determine the factors associated with full immunisation status for rural and urban children. Likewise, a multivariate decomposition analysis for non-linear response model was used to examine the contribution of the covariates to the observed rural and urban differential in full childhood immunisation. All analyses were performed using Stata software V.15.0 and associations with a p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsMore than half of children in urban settings were fully immunised (52.8%) while 59.3% of rural residents were not fully immunised. In all, 76.5% of rural–urban variation in full immunisation was attributable to differences in child and maternal characteristics. Household wealth was an important component contributing to the rural–urban gap. Specifically, richest wealth status substantially accounted for immunisation disparity (35.7%). First and sixth birth orders contributed 7.3% and 14.9%, respectively, towards the disparity while 7.9% of the disparity was attributable to distance to health facility.ConclusionThis study has emphasised the rural–urban disparity in childhood immunisation, with children in the urban settings more likely to complete immunisation. Subregional, national and community-level interventions to obviate this disparity should target children in rural settings, those from poor households and women who have difficulties in accessing healthcare facilities due to distance.

scholarly journals A multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors associated with the practice of safe disposal of children’s faeces in sub-Saharan Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254774
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Kwaku Kissah-Korsah ◽  
Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽  
Louis Kobina Dadzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Individual

Background Over the years, sanitation programs over the world have focused more on household sanitation, with limited attention towards the disposal of children’s stools. This lack of attention could be due to the misconception that children’s stools are harmless. The current study examined the individual and contextual predictors of safe disposal of children’s faeces among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods The study used secondary data involving 128,096 mother-child pairs of under-five children from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 15 sub-Saharan African countries from 2015 to 2018. Multilevel logistic analysis was used to assess the individual and contextual factors associated with the practice of safe disposal of children’s faeces. We presented the results as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at a statistical significance of p< 0.05. Results The results show that 58.73% (57.79–59.68) of childbearing women in the 15 countries in SSA included in our study safely disposed off their children’s stools. This varied from as high as 85.90% (84.57–87.14) in Rwanda to as low as 26.38% (24.01–28.91) in Chad. At the individual level, the practice of safe disposal of children’s stools was more likely to occur among children aged 1, compared to those aged 0 [aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.68–1.80] and those with diarrhoea compared to those without diarrhoea [aOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13–1.21]. Mothers with primary level of education [aOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30–1.5], those aged 35–39 [aOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12–1.28], and those exposed to radio [aOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.20–1.27] were more likely to practice safe disposal of children’s stools. Conversely, the odds of safe disposal of children’s stool were lower among mothers who were married [aOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69–0.80] and those who belonged to the Traditional African Religion [aOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51–0.80]. With the contextual factors, women with improved water [aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10–1.16] and improved toilet facility [aOR = 5.75 95% CI: 5.55–5.95] had higher odds of safe disposal of children’s stool. On the other hand, mothers who lived in households with 5 or more children [aOR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.93], those in rural areas [aOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.89], and those who lived in Central Africa [aOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.18–0.21] were less likely to practice safe disposal of children’s stools. Conclusion The findings indicate that between- and within-country contextual variations and commonalities need to be acknowledged in designing interventions to enhance safe disposal of children’s faeces. Audio-visual education on safe faecal disposal among rural women and large households can help enhance safe disposal. In light of the strong association between safe stool disposal and improved latrine use in SSA, governments need to develop feasible and cost-effective strategies to increase the number of households with access to improved toilet facilities.

scholarly journals Does it really matter where you live? A multilevel analysis of factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2397-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalekan A. Uthman ◽  
Evanson Z. Sambala ◽  
Abdu A. Adamu ◽  
Duduzile Ndwandwe ◽  
Alison B. Wiyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Mixed effects analysis of factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from demographic and health surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241409
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Healthcare Accessibility ◽  
Barriers To Healthcare ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background Access to healthcare is one of the key global concerns as treasured in the Sustainable Development Goals. This study, therefore, sought to assess the individual and contextual factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Materials and methods Data for this study were obtained from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 2010 and December 2018 across 24 countries in SSA. The sample comprised 307,611 women aged 15–49. Data were analysed with STATA version 14.2 using both descriptive and multilevel logistic regression modelling. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results It was found that 61.5% of women in SSA face barriers in accessing healthcare. The predominant barriers were getting money needed for treatment (50.1%) and distance to health facility (37.3%). Women aged 35–39 (AOR = 0.945, CI: 0.911–0.980), married women (AOR = 0.694, CI: 0.658–0.732), richest women (AOR = 0.457, CI:0.443–0.472), and those who read newspaper or magazine at least once a week (AOR = 0.893, CI:0.811–0.983) had lower odds of facing barriers in accessing healthcare. However, those with no formal education (AOR = 1.803, CI:1.718–1.891), those in manual occupations (AOR = 1.551, CI: 1.424–1.689), those with parity 4 or more (AOR = 1.211, CI: 1.169–1.255), those who were not covered by health insurance (AOR = 1.284, CI: 1.248–1.322), and those in rural areas (AOR = 1.235, CI:1.209–1.26) had higher odds of facing barriers to healthcare access. Conclusion Both individual and contextual factors are associated with barriers to healthcare accessibility in SSA. Particularly, age, marital status, employment, parity, health insurance coverage, exposure to mass media, wealth status and place of residence are associated with barriers to healthcare accessibility. These factors ought to be considered at the various countries in SSA to strengthen existing strategies and develop new interventions to help mitigate the barriers. Some of the SSA African countries can adopt successful programs in other parts of SSA to suit their context such as the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and the Community-based Health Planning and Services concepts in Ghana.

scholarly journals Factors associated with maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: an ecological study

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Alvarez ◽  
Ruth Gil ◽  
Valentín Hernández ◽  
Angel Gil
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Factors associated with oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Summary of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A Dieng ◽  
AD Faye ◽  
MM Ndiaye ◽  
G Diop ◽  
A Bouazé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Localization Strategy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancers

INTRODUCTION: Oral cavity cancers are now a public health problem according to WHO epidemiological data. There are several risk factors or factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity but they vary according to geographic regions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity in Sub-Saharan African populations through a systematic literature review. METHODOLOGY: Using the data available for the period from January 1980 to December 2019, a synthesis of the literature was carried out. The literature localization strategy included an electronic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases from 1980 to 2019 and a manual search of the list of references of articles identified by snowballing. The data were extracted independently by two researchers on an Excel© spreadsheet. Parameters collected from each study were author, country, type of study, period of study, size, age, gender, and factors studied. RESULTS: Out of 1,318 articles found, 24 were selected. The data contained 17,290 patients including 8,229 men, i.e. a male / female sex-ratio of 0.91. Factors studied were tobacco, alcohol, diet, infection, genetics and social factors. CONCLUSION: The results reported showed that several factors are associated with the occurrence of oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to conduct further studies with more structured methodologies for more convincing results.

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