High Prevalence of Beijing and EAI4-VNM Genotypes among M. tuberculosis Isolates in Northern Vietnam: Sampling Effect, Rural and Urban Disparities

The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fecal samples recovered from rural and urban healthy dogs in Northwest Spain (Galicia) to identify potential high-risk clones and to molecularly characterize positive isolates regarding the genes coding for ESBL/pAmpC resistance and virulence. Thirty-five (19.6%) out of 179 dogs were positive for cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichiacoli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (39 and three isolates, respectively). All the isolates were multidrug resistant, with high rates of resistance to different drugs, including ciprofloxacin (71.4%). A wide diversity of ESBL/pAmpC enzymes, as well as E. coli phylogroups (A, B1, C, D, E, F and clade I) were found. The eight isolates (20.5%) found to conform to the ExPEC status, belonged to clones O1:H45-clade I-ST770 (CH11-552), O18:H11-A-ST93-CC168 (CH11-neg), O23:H16-B1-ST453-CC86 (CH6-31), and O83:H42-F-ST1485-CC648 (CH231-58), with the latter also complying the uropathogenic (UPEC) status. The three K. pneumoniae recovered produced CTX-M-15 and belonged to the ST307, a clone previously reported in human clinical isolates. Our study highlights the potential role of both rural and urban dogs as a reservoir of high-risk Enterobacteriaceae clones, such as the CC648 of E. coli and antimicrobial resistance traits. Within a One-Health approach, their surveillance should be a priority in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

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High prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus(hbv) infection among rural and urban blood donors in south western Nigeria

Tropical Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/tjhc.v14i1.36723 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

DP Oparinde ◽

VO Mabayoje ◽

EO Akanni

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽

B Virus ◽

High Prevalence

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Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage in rural and urban northern Vietnam

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/tru132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 108 (12) ◽

pp. 783-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kinh Van Nguyen ◽

Tianying Zhang ◽

Bich Ngoc Thi Vu ◽

Trinh Tuyet Dao ◽

Toan Khanh Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Northern Vietnam ◽

Rural And Urban

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Distress Due to Nonpathological Vaginal Discharge: A New Face of Dhat Syndrome in Females

Journal of Psychosexual Health ◽

10.1177/26318318211049547 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263183182110495

Author(s):

Adarsh Tripathi ◽

Deblina Roy ◽

Sujita Kumar Kar

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Indian Women ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Team Members ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Long Time ◽

Sizable Proportion ◽

Area Of Concern

Female Dhat syndrome (FDS) is not yet an established clinical entity, but nonpathological vaginal discharge has been discussed in the scientific literature for quite a long time. Various studies have reported the existence of the phenomenon of nonpathological vaginal discharge. All the existing literature on Dhat syndrome was reviewed. Studies have reported that nonpathological vaginal discharge has a high prevalence among the rural and urban populations of Indian women (around 30%). The symptom of vaginal discharge has been an area of concern for a sizable proportion of women in the community, and anxiety related to this has been a frequent reason to seek medical attention. The ideas associated with vaginal discharge are similar to Dhat syndrome in males. The variations of associated symptomatology, course of illness, and somatization of the complaint make it challenging to diagnose and treat. The diagnostic criterion needs careful evaluation; management needs an appropriate multidisciplinary approach by various health team members, including psychological interventions and adjunct pharmacotherapy in effectively managing the FDS. Dhat syndrome in females has similar phenomenology to that in males. Unfortunately, this is under-researched and hence, underdiagnosed.

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High Prevalence and Significance of Hepatitis D Virus Infection among Treatment-Naïve HBsAg-Positive Patients in Northern Vietnam

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0078094 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e78094 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Bui Tien Sy ◽

Boris A. Ratsch ◽

Nguyen Linh Toan ◽

Le Huu Song ◽

Christian Wollboldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Northern Vietnam ◽

Hepatitis D Virus ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Treatment Naïve

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Multicenter Study of Antibiotic Resistance Profile ofH. pyloriand Distribution of CYP2C19 Gene Polymorphism in Rural Population of Chongqing, China

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/8547686 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ran Han ◽

Hong Lu ◽

Ming-Wan Jiang ◽

Ke-Wen Tan ◽

Zhong Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Rural Population ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Cyp2c19 Gene ◽

H Pylori ◽

Rural Patients

This study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile ofH. pyloriand the distribution of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in rural population of Chongqing, China. 214 and 111 strains ofH. pyloriwere isolated from rural and urban patients, respectively. 99.53%, 20.09%, and 23.36% of the isolates in rural patients were found to be resistant to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin, while the resistant rate in urban patients was 82.88%, 19.82%, and 24.32%. The multiple antibiotic resistance percentage significantly increased from 28.26% (below 45 years) to 41.80% (above 45 years) in rural patients. Up to 44.39%, 45.79%, and 9.81% of rural patients from whomH. pyloriwas isolated were found to be extensive metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers, and poor metabolizers. No correlation was observed between antibiotic resistance profile ofH. pyloriand genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 among rural population. There was a high prevalence ofH. pyloristrains resistant to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin in rural patients in Chongqing, China. The choice of therapy in this area should be based on local susceptibility patterns. Amoxicillin, gentamicin, and furazolidone are recommended as the first-line empiric regimen.

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High prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in both rural and urban Iowa newborns: Spatial patterns and area-level covariates

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0177930 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. e0177930 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Margaret Carrel ◽

David Zahrieh ◽

Sean G. Young ◽

Jacob Oleson ◽

Kelli K. Ryckman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood Lead Levels

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Exposure to Leptospira spp. and Associated Risk Factors in the Human, Cattle and Dog Populations in Bhutan

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 308

Author(s):

Anou Dreyfus ◽

Marie-Thérèse Ruf ◽

Anne Mayer-Scholl ◽

Theresa Zitzl ◽

Nadine Loosli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Military

Leptospirosis is a neglected worldwide zoonotic bacterial disease with a high prevalence in subtropical and tropical countries. The prevalence of Leptospira spp. in humans, cattle and dogs is unknown in Bhutan. Therefore, we sought to find out whether humans, cattle or dogs had been infected in the past with leptospires by measuring antibodies in the serum. We therefore collected blood from 864 humans ≥13 years of age, 130 bovines and 84 dogs from different rural and urban areas in Bhutan and tested the serum for antibodies specific for leptospires with a screening of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a confirmatory microscopic agglutination test (MAT). In humans, 17.6% were seropositive by ELISA and 1.6% by MAT. The seropositivity was stronger in bovines (36.9%) and dogs (47.6%). “Having had a fever recently” (OR 5.2, p = 0.004), “working for the military” (OR 26.6, p = 0.028) and “being unemployed” (OR 12.9, p = 0.041) (reference category = housemaker) were statistically significantly associated with seropositivity when controlled for the effects of other risk factors. However, due to the small number of positive test results, the findings on risk factors should be interpreted with caution. Based on the serogroups found in the three species, dogs could be a source of infection for humans, or dogs and humans are exposed to the same environmental risk factors Clinical leptospirosis in humans and domestic animals should be investigated by testing blood and urine for the presence of leptospires by molecular methods (qPCR).

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