scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage in rural and urban northern Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinh Van Nguyen ◽  
Tianying Zhang ◽  
Bich Ngoc Thi Vu ◽  
Trinh Tuyet Dao ◽  
Toan Khanh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Children in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie ◽  
Deborah N. K. Sekoh ◽  
Fleischer C. N. Kotey ◽  
Beverly Egyir ◽  
Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage epidemiology in relation to other nasopharyngeal bacterial colonizers among sickle cell disease (SCD) children about five years into pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV-13) introduction in Ghana. The study involved bacteriological culture of nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from 202 SCD children recruited from the Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital. S. aureus isolates were identified using standard methods and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates were screened for carriage of the mecA, pvl, and tsst-1 genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The carriage prevalence of S. aureus was 57.9% (n = 117), and that of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 3.5% (n = 7). Carriage of the mecA, pvl, and tsst-1 genes were respectively demonstrated in 20.0% (n = 7), 85.7% (n = 30), and 11.4% (n = 4) of the cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates. PCV-13 vaccination (OR = 0.356, p = 0.004) and colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (OR = 0.044, p < 0.0001) each protected against S. aureus carriage. However, none of these and other features of the participants emerged as a determinant of MRSA carriage. The following antimicrobial resistance rates were observed in MRSA compared to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus: clindamycin (28.6% vs. 4.3%), erythromycin (42.9% vs. 19.1%), tetracycline (100% vs. 42.6%), teicoplanin (14.3% vs. 2.6%), penicillin (100% vs. 99.1%), amoxiclav (28.6% vs. 3.5%), linezolid (14.3% vs. 0.0%), ciprofloxacin (42.9% vs. 13.9%), and gentamicin (42.9% vs. 13.0%). The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant was 37.7% (n = 46). It is concluded that S. aureus was the predominant colonizer of the nasopharynx of the SCD children, warranting the continuous monitoring of this risk group for invasive S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Beijing and EAI4-VNM Genotypes among M. tuberculosis Isolates in Northern Vietnam: Sampling Effect, Rural and Urban Disparities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Anh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Marc Choisy ◽  
Duy Hung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Hoa Thi Tran ◽  
Kim Lien Thi Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Effect ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among imprisoned males from Brazil without exposure to healthcare: risk factors and molecular characterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Witzel ◽  
Carlos Castelo Branco Fortaleza ◽  
Camila Sena Martins de Souza ◽  
Danilo Moraes Riboli ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage during a PCV trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulie Bojang ◽  
Lindsay Kendall ◽  
Effua Usuf ◽  
Uzochukwu Egere ◽  
Sarah Mulwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in African Children from Rural and Urban Communities with Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian NDHLOVU ◽  
Regina Abotsi ◽  
Adebayo Shittu ◽  
Shima M Abdulgader ◽  
Dorota Jamrozy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
African Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Colonisation Dynamics

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with the exacerbation and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Studies have not investigated the colonisation dynamics of S. aureus lineages in African children with AD. We determined the prevalence and population structure of S. aureus in children with and without AD from rural and urban South African settings. Methods: We conducted a study of AD-affected and non-atopic AmaXhosa children from rural Umtata and urban Cape Town, South Africa. S. aureus was screened from skin and nasal specimens using microbiological culture, and S. aureus clonal lineages were determined by spa typing. Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess risk factors associated with S. aureus colonisation. Results: S. aureus colonisation was higher in cases compared to controls (60% vs. 21%, p=0.000) and when stratified for location (54% vs. 13%, p=0.000 and 70% vs. 35%, p=0.005 in Umtata and Cape Town, respectively). Severe AD was associated with higher colonisation compared with moderate AD (86% vs. 52%, p=0.022) among urban cases. Having AD was associated with colonisation in both rural (odds ratio [OR] 7.54, 95% CI 2.92–19.47) and urban (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.57–11.2) children. In rural children, living in an electrified house that also uses gas (OR 4.08, 95% CI 1.59–10.44) or in a house that uses kerosene and paraffin (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.22–6.77) for heating and cooking were associated with increased S. aureus colonisation, while exposure to animals (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.11–0.83) as well living in a house that uses wood and coal (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.49) and an outdoor fire (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.73) were protective. Among urban children, t272 and t1476 dominant among cases but no single spa type dominated among controls. In urban cases, spa types t002 and t442 isolates were only identified in severe AD and t174 was more frequent in moderate AD while t1476 in severe AD. Conclusion: The strain genotype of S. aureus differed by AD phenotypes and rural-urban living. Continued surveillance of colonising S. aureus lineages is key in understanding alterations in skin microbial composition associated with AD pathogenesis and exacerbation.

scholarly journals 343. RURAL-COVID-19 Trial: Retrospective Analysis of COVID-19 Coinfections in Hospitalized Urban and Rural Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S275-S275
Author(s):  
Caroline Hamilton ◽  
Heather Frazier ◽  
Jose A Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Empiric Antibiotics ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of COVID-19 in rural communities has been well described. However, little is known regarding differences in coinfections among COVID-19 patients in rural vs. urban settings. Our primary objective is to evaluate community acquired coinfection (CACo) rates (&lt; 72 hrs from admission) and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates ( &gt; 72 hrs from admission) in these populations. Secondary objectives include use of empiric antibiotics, pathogen prevalence, and patient outcomes. Methods Retrospective analysis of the first 255 adult patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with symptomatic COVID-19 and confirmed by PCR. Rural and urban categories were determined using patient address and county census data. Isolated pathogens were individually evaluated and considered coinfections if the patient met predetermined criteria. Predetermined Coinfection Criteria Results The rates of CACo for rural (n = 90) and urban (n = 165) residents were 11.1% and 13.3%, respectively. Non-respiratory coinfections, such as bloodstream and urinary tract infections, were more common in urban residents; however, empiric antibiotics were started in 75.1% of all subjects. Methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most common pathogens isolated on admission in both populations. HAI rates were 13.3% in the rural residents vs 13.9% in the urban residents with Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus as the most common respiratory pathogen, although Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent overall pathogen. There was no significant difference in hospital length of stay or 30-day all-cause mortality among both populations. Patient Outcomes Among Rural and Urban Populations Conclusion There was no significant difference in the rate of CACo or HAI among rural or urban populations. Despite the high rate of antibiotic use to empirically cover community acquired respiratory infections at the start of the pandemic, only 1.9% of the subjects had a possible or proven respiratory coinfection on admission. Despite prior research showing worse outcomes for rural populations with COVID-19, our data demonstrates that coinfection rates and patient outcomes were similar among these populations when receiving medical care at an academic hospital. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Methicillin-Resistant Encoding Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infection Patients in Northern Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 4406-4410
Author(s):  
Le Van Nam ◽  
Do Quyet ◽  
Pham Ngoc Hung ◽  
Tran Viet Tien ◽  
Kieu Chi Thanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Encoding Genes

Background:  Evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes is essential in the clinical management of bloodstream infections (BSIs). Nevertheless, there are still limited studies in Northern Vietnam. AIM: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and methicillin-resistant encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causing BSIs in Northern Vietnam. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was done from December 2012 to June 2014 in two tertiary hospitals in Northern Vietnam. Tests performed at the lab of the hospital. RESULTS:  In 43 S. aureus strains isolating, 53.5 % were MRSA. Distribution of gene for overall, MRSA, and MSSA strains were following: mecA gene (58.1 %; 95.7%, and 15%), femA gene (48.8%, 47.8%, and 50%), femB gene (88.4%, 82.6%, and 95%). Antibiotic resistance was highest in penicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (65.1%) and clindamycin (60.5%). Several antibiotics were susceptible (100%), including vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin. Quinolone group was highly sensitive, include ciprofloxacin (83.7%), levofloxacin (86%) and moxifloxacin (86%). CONCLUSION:  In S. aureus causing BSIs, antibiotic resistance was higher in penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. All strains were utterly susceptible to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin.

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