scholarly journals Maternal Factors Associated with Fetal Growth and Birthweight Are Independent Determinants of Placental Weight and Exhibit Differential Effects by Fetal Sex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e87303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Cecilie Paasche Roland ◽  
Camilla M. Friis ◽  
Kristin Godang ◽  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
Guttorm Haugen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Factors Associated

Maternal Marijuana Exposure, Feto-Placental Weight Ratio, and Placental Histology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torri D. Metz ◽  
Amanda A. Allshouse ◽  
Halit Pinar ◽  
Michael Varner ◽  
Marcela C. Smid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Live Births

Objective Marijuana use is associated with placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction, but the mechanism remains uncertain. The objective was to evaluate the association between maternal marijuana use and the feto-placental weight ratio (FPR). Secondarily, we aimed to compare placental histology of women who used marijuana to those who did not. Study Design This was a secondary analysis of singleton pregnancies enrolled in a multicenter and case–control stillbirth study. Prior marijuana use was detected by electronic medical record abstraction or cord homogenate positive for 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. Prior tobacco use was detected by self-report or presence of maternal serum cotinine. Stillbirths and live births were considered separately. The primary outcome was FPR. Association of marijuana use with FPR was estimated with multivariable linear modeling adjusted for fetal sex, preterm birth, and tobacco use. Comparisons between groups for placental histology were made using Chi-square and stratified by live birth and stillbirth, term and preterm deliveries, and fetal sex. Results Of 1,027 participants, 224 were stillbirths and 803 were live births. Overall, 41 (4%) women used marijuana during the pregnancy. The FPR ratio was lower among exposed offspring but reached statistical significance only for term stillbirths (mean 6.84 with marijuana use vs. mean 7.8 without use, p < 0.001). In multivariable modeling, marijuana use was not significantly associated with FPR (p = 0.09). There were no differences in histologic placental features among those with and without marijuana use overall or in stratified analyses. Conclusion Exposure to marijuana may not be associated with FPR. Similarly, there were no placental histologic features associated with marijuana exposure. Further study of the influence of maternal marijuana use on placental development and function is warranted to better understand the association between prenatal marijuana use and poor fetal growth. Key Points

Fetal growth and development following temporary exposure of Day 3 ovine embryos to an advanced uterine environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
L. D. Dunne ◽  
E. K. Maxfield ◽  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
L. E. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Day 3 Embryos

The effect of exposing Day 3 ovine embryos to an advanced uterine environment for a period of 3 days on subsequent fetal growth and development between Day 35 and Day 135 of gestation was studied. Day 3 embryos were recovered from superovulated donor ewes and transferred to synchronous final or asynchronous temporary recipients for 3 days. Embryos were recovered from these temporary recipients and transferred to Day 6 final recipients. Gravid uteri were recovered, weighed and dissected on Days 35, 45, 60, 90, 110, 125 and 135 of gestation. Fetal weight and length data were analysed by fitting non-linear Gompertz models of the form loge y = a – be–ct, where y is fetal size and t is time from conception. Various terms including treatment, gestational age, embryo stage at transfer and fetal sex were fitted to this model. Fetal development was assessed by relating organ weight to fetal bodyweight using the linear allometric equation loge y = loge a + b loge x, where y is organ weight and x is fetal weight. Temporary exposure of Day 3 embryos to an advanced uterine environment did not increase the rate of embryo development and had no effect on fetal growth and development between Days 35 and 135 of gestation in this study. A single Gompertz model (loge y = 10.134 – 17.047e –0.01733t) explained 99.8% of the variation in fetal weight. Of terms fitted to this model only gestational age and fetal sex influenced fetal weight, with male fetuses being 5% heavier (P<0.05) than female fetuses. Fetal development was also unaffected by experimental treatment in this study. Allometric coefficients established for various fetal components agreed well with those from previously published studies.

scholarly journals Fetal and maternal factors associated with infant mortality in vervet monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kavanagh ◽  
B.L. Dozier ◽  
T.J. Chavanne ◽  
L.A. Fairbanks ◽  
M.J. Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Maternal factors and the prediction of dystocia in beef heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
S. McCormac ◽  
C. L. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pelvic Area

Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine maternal factors associated with dystocia in 564 2-yr-old heifers bred to bulls with below breed average birth weights. Calf birth weight (n = 556) was consistently the most significant (P < 0.001) factor correlated (R2 = 0.31) with dystocia. Other significant (P < 0.001) factors were weight at breeding (n = 376) and calving (n = 559; R2 = 0.11 for both traits). Other factors considered were age at breeding (n = 446), pelvic area at breeding (n = 112) and pregnancy evaluation (n = 297), heifer birth weight (n = 564), gestation length (n = 467) and age at calving (n = 559) but none were significant (P > 0.05). Heifers requiring caesarian section were heaviest (P < 0.05) at breeding and their calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) at birth. Unassisted heifers were heavier at calving (P < 0.05) than assisted heifers. It was concluded that none of the factors examined in this study was a reliable predictor of dystocia in beef heifers but that heifers should be bred at 75–80% of their expected calving weight to reduce the risk of dystocia. Key words: Dystocia, heifer, discriminant analysis

Maternal and non-maternal factors associated with late embryonic and early fetal losses in dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Abdalla ◽  
Adel Elghafghuf ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Mohammed A.F. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Leptin Concentrations in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Relation to Maternal Weight, Birth Weight and Weight of the Placenta

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishrat ◽  
MW Rahman ◽  
MR Rahman ◽  
MZ Hussain ◽  
S Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin

Objective: Leptin is a hormone which regulates adipose tissue mass of the body. Substantial increase of leptin during pregnancy and detection of leptin and leptin receptor in placenta have led to the speculation that leptin is a gestational hormone with a possible role in regulation of fetal growth. The study was done to find out whether maternal and cord blood leptin correlate with birthweight and weight of the placenta. Materials and methods: A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2005 to June 2005. The study was carried out on 39 pairs of mothers and newborns. Maternal venous blood was sampled just before delivery. Cord blood was obtained, birth weight and placental weight measurements were taken just after delivery of the baby. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Maternal serum leptin was 24.50 ng/ml (range- 13.15-45.60 ng/ml) and cord serum leptin was 6.50 ng/ml (range- 2.02-12.30 ng/ml). There was no correlation between maternal leptin and birth weight or between maternal leptin and placental weight. Cord leptin was significantly correlated with birth weight but not with placental weight. There was no correlation between maternal and cord blood leptin. There was no significant gender differences in cord blood leptin concentrations. Conclusions: There may be an important role of leptin in regulation of fetal growth and development. Placenta may not be a major source of leptin in maternal and feto-placental circulation. Maternal leptin cannot be a reliable marker of fetal growth. Keywords: Serum leptin, birth weight, placental weight   doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3049 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 3-7

scholarly journals Early Maternal Thyroid Function During Gestation Is Associated With Fetal Growth, Particularly in Male Newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte ◽  
E. Jessica Hrudey ◽  
Marcel B. Twickler
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Maternal Thyroid

Abstract Background: Intrauterine growth patterns are influenced by maternal thyroid function during gestation and by fetal sex. It is unknown, however, whether the relationships between maternal thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels in early pregnancy and fetal growth outcomes are modified by fetal sex. Design: Data were obtained from a community-based cohort study of pregnant women living in Amsterdam (Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development study). TSH and fT4 levels were determined during the first prenatal screening at median 13 weeks (interquartile range, 12 to 14). Women with live-born singletons and no overt thyroid dysfunction were included (N = 3988). Associations between these maternal hormones and birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) were analyzed separately for each sex. Results: After adjustments, 1 pmol/L increase in maternal fT4 levels was associated with a reduction in birth weight of 33.7 g (P &lt; 0.001) in male newborns and 16.1 g (P &lt; 0.05) in female newborns. Increased maternal fT4 was not associated with increased odds for SGA, but was associated with a decreased odds for LGA in boys [per 1 pmol/L; odds ratio (OR), 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69 to 0.90]. Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism in early pregnancy (TSH &gt; 2.5 mU/L, 7.3%) was associated with increased odds for LGA in male newborns (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.11). Conclusion: Maternal fT4 in early pregnancy was observed to be inversely associated with birth weight, with a stronger relationship in males. Male infants also had increased odds for LGA in mothers with subclinical hypothyroidism. Sexual dimorphism appears to be present in the relationship between maternal thyroid metabolism and fetal intrauterine growth, with stronger associations in male infants.

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