scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Genes Encoding Airway Epithelial Potassium Channels Is Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Pediatric Population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e89329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Purkey ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Frank Mentch ◽  
Struan F. A. Grant ◽  
Martin Desrosiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Genes Encoding

scholarly journals Markers of Genetic Variation in Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) as a Model for Labyrinth Fish

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Gad Degani ◽  
Isana Veksler-Lublinsky ◽  
Ari Meerson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Markers of genetic variation between species are important for both applied and basic research. Here, various genes of the blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus, suborder Anabantoidei, a model labyrinth fish), many of them involved in growth and reproduction, are reviewed as markers of genetic variation. The genes encoding the following hormones are described: kisspeptins 1 and 2, gonadotropin-releasing hormones 1, 2, and 3, growth hormone, somatolactin, prolactin, follicle- stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, as well as mitochondrial genes encoding cytochrome b and 12S rRNA. Genetic markers in blue gourami, representing the suborder Anabantoidei, differ from those in other bony fishes. The sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of blue gourami is often used to study the Anabantoidei suborder. Among the genes involved in controlling growth and reproduction, the most suitable genetic markers for distinguishing between species of the Anabantoidei have functions in the hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and growth hormone, and the 12S rRNA gene.

scholarly journals Selective expression of KCNA5 and KCNB1 genes in gastric and colorectal carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azer Farah ◽  
Maria Kabbage ◽  
Salsabil Atafi ◽  
Amira Jaballah Gabteni ◽  
Mouadh Barbirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Background Gastric and colorectal cancers are the most common malignant tumours, leading to a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that cancer cells exhibit a differential expression of potassium channels and this can contribute to cancer progression. However, their expression and localisation at the somatic level remains uncertain. In this study, we have investigated the expression levels of KCNB1 and KCNA5 genes encoding ubiquitous Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 potassium channels in gastric and colorectal tumours. Methods Gastric and colorectal tumoral and peritumoral tissues were collected to evaluate the expression of KCNB1 and KCNA5 mRNA by quantitative PCR. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining profile of Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 was assessed on 40 Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) gastric carcinoma tissues. Differences in gene expression between tumoral and peritumoral tissues were compared statistically with the Mann-Whitney U test. The association between the clinicopathological features of the GC patients and the expression of both Kv proteins was investigated with χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The mRNA fold expression of KCNB1 and KCNA5 genes showed a lower mean in the tumoral tissues (0.06 ± 0.17, 0.006 ± 0.009) compared to peritumoral tissues (0.08 ± 0.16, 0.16 ± 0.48, respectively) without reaching the significance rate (p = 0.861, p = 0.152, respectively). Interestingly, Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 immunostaining was detectable and characterised by a large distribution in peritumoral and tumoral epithelial cells. More interestingly, inflammatory cells were also stained. Surprisingly, Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 staining was undoubtedly and predominantly detected in the cytoplasm compartment of tumour cells. Indeed, the expression of Kv2.1 in tumour cells revealed a significant association with the early gastric cancer clinical stage (p = 0.026). Conclusion The data highlight, for the first time, the potential role of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 in gastrointestinal-related cancers and suggests they may be promising prognostic markers for these tumours.

Balloon Sinuplasty Utilization in the Pediatric Population: A National Database Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Thong ◽  
Natasha D. Dombrowski ◽  
Kosuke Kawai ◽  
Michael J. Cunningham ◽  
Eelam A. Adil
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
National Database ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Balloon Sinuplasty ◽  
Before And After

Objective Balloon sinuplasty (BS) is a surgical management option in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to examine BS utilization among children with a national database. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting National pediatric database. Subjects and Methods All cases of children aged ≤18 years who underwent BS or traditional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) 5 years before and after the introduction of BS billing codes were studied with the Pediatric Health Information System database. We evaluated overall trends, demographics, performing physicians, readmissions, and cost data. Results A total of 14,079 patients met inclusion criteria: 13,555 underwent traditional ESS and 524 had a BS procedure. There was no significant increase in BS rates between 2011 and 2016. BS was more commonly performed among younger children than ESS (median age [interquartile range], 6 years [4-10] vs 9 years [6-13]; P < .001). There were 23 (4.4%) readmissions within 30 days in the balloon cohort versus 474 (3.5%) in the ESS cohort. The median cost of balloon maxillary antrostomy (US $6560 [$5420-$8250]) was higher than that of traditional maxillary antrostomy (US $5630 [$4130-$7700], P < .001). Physicians who performed BS had a larger volume of ESS procedures when compared with those who did not perform BS. Conclusion Rates of BS performance in the pediatric population have not increased over time. Results showed no difference in readmission rates between BS and ESS. BS was associated with higher costs as compared with ESS. The role of BS in the pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis population remains unclear.

scholarly journals Localized Hypermutation is the Major Driver of Meningococcal Genetic Variability during Persistent Asymptomatic Carriage

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke R. Green ◽  
Ali A. Al-Rubaiawi ◽  
Mohammad A. R. M. Al-Maeni ◽  
Odile B. Harrison ◽  
Matthew Blades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Host persistence of bacteria is facilitated by mutational and recombinatorial processes that counteract loss of genetic variation during transmission and selection from evolving host responses. Genetic variation was investigated during persistent asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis. Interrogation of whole-genome sequences for paired isolates from 25 carriers showed that de novo mutations were infrequent, while horizontal gene transfer occurred in 16% of carriers. Examination of multiple isolates per time point enabled separation of sporadic and transient allelic variation from directional variation. A comprehensive comparative analysis of directional allelic variation with hypermutation of simple sequence repeats and hyperrecombination of class 1 type IV pilus genes detected an average of seven events per carrier and 2:1 bias for changes due to localized hypermutation. Directional genetic variation was focused on the outer membrane with 69% of events occurring in genes encoding enzymatic modifiers of surface structures or outer membrane proteins. Multiple carriers exhibited directional and opposed switching of allelic variants of the surface-located Opa proteins that enables continuous expression of these adhesins alongside antigenic variation. A trend for switching from PilC1 to PilC2 expression was detected, indicating selection for specific alterations in the activities of the type IV pilus, whereas phase variation of restriction modification (RM) systems, as well as associated phasevarions, was infrequent. We conclude that asymptomatic meningococcal carriage on mucosal surfaces is facilitated by frequent localized hypermutation and horizontal gene transfer affecting genes encoding surface modifiers such that optimization of adhesive functions occurs alongside escape of immune responses by antigenic variation. IMPORTANCE Many bacterial pathogens coexist with host organisms, rarely causing disease while adapting to host responses. Neisseria meningitidis, a major cause of meningitis and septicemia, is a frequent persistent colonizer of asymptomatic teenagers/young adults. To assess how genetic variation contributes to host persistence, whole-genome sequencing and hypermutable sequence analyses were performed on multiple isolates obtained from students naturally colonized with meningococci. High frequencies of gene transfer were observed, occurring in 16% of carriers and affecting 51% of all nonhypermutable variable genes. Comparative analyses showed that hypermutable sequences were the major mechanism of variation, causing 2-fold more changes in gene function than other mechanisms. Genetic variation was focused on genes affecting the outer membrane, with directional changes in proteins responsible for bacterial adhesion to host surfaces. This comprehensive examination of genetic plasticity in individual hosts provides a significant new platform for rationale design of approaches to prevent the spread of this pathogen.

Swelling-Activated Calcium-Dependent Potassium Channels In Airway Epithelial Cells

2006 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
José M. Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Esther Vázquez ◽  
Maite Arniges ◽  
Muriel Nobles ◽  
Aoife Currid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Calcium Dependent

scholarly journals p63+Krt5+ basal cells are increased in the squamous metaplastic epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic Rhinosinusitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Huang ◽  
Kai Sen Tan ◽  
Suizi Zhou ◽  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Pathologic Feature ◽  
Metaplastic Epithelium ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Epithelial Remodeling

Abstract Background Squamous metaplasia (SM) is an irreversible form of airway epithelial remodeling. Hyperproliferation of basal cells was observed in squamous metaplastic epithelium of chronically inflamed airway. However, the association of such aberrant proliferation of basal cells with SM in the nasal epithelium after radiation damage remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate SM and accompanying levels of p63+Krt5+ (basal cell markers) cells in the nasal epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRSr) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to healthy controls. Methods We assessed the prevalence of SM and the expression of p63+, Krt5+, p63+Krt5+, and Ki67+ cells through immunofluorescence(IF) staining of the inferior turbinate (IT) tissues from patients with CRSr (n = 36), CRSsNP (n = 33) and controls (n = 28). Results The prevalence of SM and the number of p63+Krt5+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP and controls. The number of Ki67+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr and CRSsNP compared to controls, but the ratio of Ki67+ cells to p63+Krt5+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP. In patients with CRSr, an increased number of p63+Krt5+ basal cells was observed in SM epithelium compared to non-SM epithelium. Conclusion SM is increased in the nasal epithelium of patients with CRSr, in which aberrant levels of p63+Krt5+ basal cells serves as an important pathologic feature in the squamous metaplastic epithelium.

scholarly journals Heritable arrhythmias associated with abnormal function of cardiac potassium channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1542-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Crotti ◽  
Katja E Odening ◽  
Michael C Sanguinetti
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Action Potential Repolarization

Abstract Cardiomyocytes express a surprisingly large number of potassium channel types. The primary physiological functions of the currents conducted by these channels are to maintain the resting membrane potential and mediate action potential repolarization under basal conditions and in response to changes in the concentrations of intracellular sodium, calcium, and ATP/ADP. Here, we review the diversity and functional roles of cardiac potassium channels under normal conditions and how heritable mutations in the genes encoding these channels can lead to distinct arrhythmias. We briefly review atrial fibrillation and J-wave syndromes. For long and short QT syndromes, we describe their genetic basis, clinical manifestation, risk stratification, traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, as well as insights into disease mechanisms provided by animal and cellular models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document