Can Government Be Self-Organized? A Mathematical Model of the Collective Social Organization of Ancient Teotihuacan, Central Mexico

AbstractMultinucleate cells occur in every biosphere and across the kingdoms of life, including in the human body as muscle cells and bone-forming cells. Data from filamentous fungi suggest that, even when bathed in a common cytoplasm, nuclei are capable of autonomous behaviors, including division. How does this potential for autonomy affect the organization of cellular processes between nuclei? Here we analyze a simplified model of circadian rhythm, a form of cellular oscillator, in a mathematical model of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Our results highlight the role played by mRNA-protein phase separation to keep mRNAs close to the nuclei from which they originate, while allowing proteins to diffuse freely between nuclei. Our modeling shows that syncytism allows for extreme mRNA efficiency — we demonstrate assembly of a robust oscillator with transcription levels 104-fold less than in comparable uninucleate cells. We also show self-organized division of the labor of mRNA production, with one nucleus in a two-nucleus syncytium producing at least twice as many mRNAs as the other in 30% of cycles. This division can occur spontaneously, but division of labor can also be controlled by regulating the amount of cytoplasmic volume available to each nucleus. Taken together, our results show the intriguing richness and potential for emergent organization among nuclei in multinucleate cells. They also highlight the role of previously studied mechanisms of cellular organization, including nuclear space control and localization of mRNAs through RNA-protein phase separation, in regulating nuclear coordination.Author summaryCircadian rhythms are among the most researched cellular processes, but limited work has been done on how these rhythms are coordinated between nuclei in multinucleate cells. In this work, we analyze a mathematical model for circadian oscillations in a multinucleate cell, motivated by frequency mRNA and protein data from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Our results illuminate the importance of mRNA-protein phase separation, in which mRNAs are kept close to the nucleus in which they were transcribed, while proteins can diffuse freely across the cell. We demonstrate that this phase separation allows for a robust oscillator to be assembled with very low mRNA counts. We also investigate how the labor of transcribing mRNAs is divided between nuclei, both when nuclei are evenly spaced across the cell and when they are not. Division of this labor can be regulated by controlling the amount of cytoplasmic volume available to each nucleus. Our results show that there is potential for emergent organization and extreme mRNA efficiency in multinucleate cells.

Download Full-text

Pedestrian Guiding Signs Optimization for Airport Terminal

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2014/125910 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jianxin Lin ◽

Rui Song ◽

Jifeng Dai ◽

Pengpeng Jiao

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Visual Field ◽

Cellular Automation ◽

Self Organized ◽

Characteristic Behavior ◽

Airport Terminal ◽

Information Intensity

The pedestrian guiding sign (PGS) is used to lead people within the transportation terminal to their directions efficiently and without boundaries. In this paper, we aim to optimize the guiding signs for people in the comprehensive transportation terminal with a mathematical model, which describes the pedestrian's reaction, judgment, and perception of the outline about the guiding signs, as well as pedestrian's moving status through self-organized characteristic behavior. Furthermore, the model also reflects the information intensity of the guiding signs within the pedestrian's visual field which is taken as the influence level score of PGS. In order to solve the model, cellular automation (CA) is employed to simulate the characteristics of the pedestrians such as crowd moving and sign selection.

Download Full-text

A MODEL FOR THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IN PRIMATES

Advances in Complex Systems ◽

10.1142/s0219525911003062 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (03) ◽

pp. 403-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. N. KUPERMAN

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Social Organization ◽

Self Organized ◽

The Social ◽

Relevant Role

Recent studies have established a relationship between the repertoire of signals used for communication and neocortex size of different species of primates and the topology of the social network formed by the interactions between individuals. Inspired by these results, we have developed a model that qualitatively reproduces these observations. The model presents the social organization as a self-organized process where the size of the repertoire in one case and of the neocortex in another play a highly relevant role.

Download Full-text

Conflict in Irrigation

Comparative Studies in Society and History ◽

10.1017/s0010417500001985 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 76-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert A. Fernea

Keyword(s):

Social Organization ◽

Social System ◽

Social Systems ◽

Social Effects ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Social Setting ◽

The People ◽

The Social ◽

Euphrates Valley ◽

Irrigation Agriculture

Recently, in this journal, René Millon and others discussed the results of their study of irrigation agriculture in the contemporary social setting of the Teotihuacan Valley, Central Mexico. In introducing their study, the authors briefly noted comparable investigations (including my own) and came to the general conclusion that “any system of irrigation agriculture creates its own distinctive potential for both cohesion and conflict, whatever may be the social system of the people who practice it.” Do social systems play as passive a role in determining the social effects of irrigation agriculture as the statement implies? I wish to suggest a distinction which may be important in seeking answers to this question and then to briefly compare certain aspects of Millon's Mexican example with my own study of irrigation agriculture and social organization in the Southern Euphrates Valley of Iraq.

Download Full-text

Organization of the Dynamics in a Parameter Plane of a Tumor Growth Mathematical Model

International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos ◽

10.1142/s0218127414500230 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (02) ◽

pp. 1450023 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cristiane Stegemann ◽

Paulo C. Rech

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Cross Section ◽

Periodic Structures ◽

Focal Point ◽

Parameter Plane ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

First Order ◽

Self Organized ◽

Chaotic Region

We report results of a numerical investigation on a two-dimensional cross-section of the parameter-space of a set of three autonomous, eight-parameter, first-order ordinary differential equations, which models tumor growth. The model considers interaction between tumor cells, healthy tissue cells, and activated immune system cells. By using Lyapunov exponents to characterize the dynamics of the model in a particular parameter plane, we show that it presents typical self-organized periodic structures embedded in a chaotic region, that were before detected in other models. We show that these structures organize themselves in two independent ways: (i) as spirals that coil up toward a focal point while undergoing period-adding bifurcations and, (ii) as a sequence with a well-defined law of formation, constituted by two mixed period-adding bifurcation cascades.

Download Full-text

A mathematical model for repetitive behaviors of Covid-19

10.1101/2021.11.08.21266099 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiro Nishimoto ◽

Kenichi Inoue

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Fixed Point ◽

Phase Space ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Repetitive Behaviors ◽

The Past ◽

Self Organized ◽

Inhibitor System ◽

Activator Inhibitor ◽

Pcr Test

Covid-19 pandemic waves have been hitting us again and again in the past couple years in many countries, while the reason why they come in such repetitive manners remains unexplained, which have brought us with lingering anxieties and economic stagnations. We proposed a mathematical model to describe the mechanism of the repetitive appearance of the number of new cases based upon the SIQR model in which Q (quarantined infectors) were distinguished from I (un-quarantined ones). The repetitive behavior of the pandemic was simulated by an activator-inhibitor system around a fixed point in a phase space as a kind of self-organized oscillations. Periods between each wave were confirmed to be approximately similar. Repetitive behaviors were also observed in actual Covid-19 data. Practical policies and actions were discussed on the ways to effectively control the repetition of pandemic, and proactive PCR test especially after the peak-out stage is highly recommended.

Download Full-text

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Lucio Tonello ◽

Luca Giacobbi ◽

Alberto Pettenon ◽

Alessandro Scuotto ◽

Massimo Cocchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Problem Behaviors ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

The Self ◽

Network Structures ◽

Self Organized ◽

Critical Equilibrium ◽

Self Organized Criticality ◽

Acute Agitation ◽

Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

Download Full-text

Ultrastructure of the effect of T-514 obtained from Karwinskia humboldtiana on assembly and integrity of yeast's peroxisomes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100084983 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 136-137

Author(s):

J. Sepulveda-Saavedra ◽

I. Vander-Klei ◽

M. Venhuis ◽

Y. Piñeyro-Lopez

Keyword(s):

Culture Conditions ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Candida Boidinii ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Poisonous Plant ◽

Biological Behaviour ◽

Enzyme Content ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Yeast Model

Karwinskia humboldtiana is a poisonous plant that grows in semi desertic areas in north and central México. It produces several substances with different toxic effects. One of them designated T-514 damages severely the lung, kidney and liver, producing in the hepatoeyte large intracellular fat deposits and necrosis. Preliminary observations demonstrated that three is a decrease in the amount of peroxisomes in the hepatocytes of experimentally intoxicated rats and monkeys. To study the effect exerted by the T-514 on peroxisomes, a yeast model was selected, thus, three species: Saccha romices cerevisiae, Ilansenula polymorpha and Candida boidinii were used, because there is information concerning their peroxisome's morphology, enzyme content, biological behaviour under different culture conditions and biogenesis.

Download Full-text