scholarly journals CD4 Cell Count Trends after Commencement of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0122583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Asfaw ◽  
Dagim Ali ◽  
Tadele Eticha ◽  
Adissu Alemayehu ◽  
Mussie Alemayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals CD4 count and oral health related quality of life of HIV-infected individuals at a tertiary healthcare center in Dharan – A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Jyotsna Rimal ◽  
Nimesh Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background & Objective:  Patients with severe immuno-suppression are at risk of having poor oral hygiene and severe periodontal diseases, thus limiting their quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with HIV/AIDS and its association with the CD4 cell count.Materials & Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) among 122 HIV/AIDS patients visiting the CD4 laboratory at a tertiary healthcare center at Dharan, from January-December 2009. Oral examination and recording of dental indices were done. CD4 cell count was correlated with OHIP-14 and dental indices using Spearman’s rho; p < 0.01 was considered as statistically significant.Results:  Sixty four males and 58 females with median age of 34 years had a mean CD4 cell count of 360.46 cells/mm3 (range=111-1076 cells/mm3). OHRQoL was affected in 25.4% of the individuals with mean OHIP-14 score of 2.5. Most of the individuals (85.7%) were on ART, never used tobacco (68%) or alcohol (74.5%). Mean OHI-S and DMFT were 1.65 and 1.57, respectively and periodontal pocket observed in only 3.3% individuals. The CD4 cell count had no significant positive correlation with OHIP-14 ((rs=0.071; p=0.61), OHI-S (rs=0.21; p=0.127) and DMFT (rs=0.015; p=0.912). There was no significant difference in parameters with regards to gender.Conclusion: Although CD4 cells are an important indicator for clinical aggravation of HIV infection, OHRQoL and oral health as measured by OHI-S, DMFT and CPI are not directly associated to the CD4 cell count.

scholarly journals Prevalence and CD4 Cell Count Pattern of TB Co-infection Among HIV Infected Individuals In Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Surya Raj Niraula ◽  
SP Barnawal ◽  
AK Agrahari ◽  
N Bista ◽  
DK Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodefi Ciency Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodefi ciency Virus (HIV) infections are two major public health problems in many parts of the world, particularly in developing counties like Nepal. The objective of the study is to find out prevalence and clinical presentation of the TB co-infection among HIV infected individuals and pattern of CD4 cell count in relation to types of TB and response of ART. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in three VCT clinics from Dharan and Kathmandu from April 2010 to March 2011. The appropriate samples, 313 HIV individuals were taken as study sample. Results: The study revealed that more than 36% of individuals were co-infected with TB. Among them, nearly 65% had pulmonary TB, more than one-forth had gland TB. There is signifi cant association of TB co-infection among male compared to females (P=0.021). Fever, weight loss and cough were found to have signifi cant symptoms associated with TB-HIV co-infection. The average CD4 count among TB co-infected population was signifi cantly less compared to uninfected ones just before starting ART (P=0.022) and even after six months (P=0.001). After one year of ART continuation, there was no signifi cant association on average CD4 count among the two groups. But then, the mean CD4 count became more in TB co-infected individuals compared to those who had no TB co-infection. Conclusion: TB-HIV co-infection is an emerging medical issue in Nepal. More than one third of HIV patients are co-infected with TB. Consideration of TB need to be made while caring patients with HIV infection and vice versa. ART plays very important role in increasing CD4 cell count among TB-HIV coinfected patients. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(1); 27-36 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8674

scholarly journals Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors Among HIV-infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia:A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegu Hailu ◽  
Haftea Hagos ◽  
Kbrom Gemechu ◽  
Haftom Tesfay ◽  
Beyene Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone

Abstract Background: Opportunistic infections are diseases that cause infections in people whose immune systems are weakened. It is the most public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of AIDS-related infections in developing countries. Identification of opportunistic infections is the core for developing a specific intervention. Despite this fact, information about the burden of opportunistic infections is lacking in the particular study. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Eastern zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was done among HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy in Northern Ethiopia. A total of 394 study subjects was selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were used to find factors associated with opportunistic infections. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated to show the strength of the association. Variables with p-value of < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 41 (± 10). Of the study participants, about 52% (95% CI: 47.5-57.1) developed opportunistic infections. Being housewife occupation (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.07-0.46), CD4+ count < 200 cells/µl (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.3-4.67), poor adherence (AOR = 4; 95% CI: 1.95-8.2), and bedridden functional status (AOR = 13.9; 95% CI: 5.2-37) were independently associated with opportunistic infections. Conclusion: This study stated the prevalence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients is high. Being housewife occupation, poor ART adherence, low CD4+ count, and bedridden functional status were found to be associated with development of opportunistic infections. Therefore, health care providers must give continuous health education on primary prevention of opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Malaria in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Beira, Mozambique

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Gennaro ◽  
Claudia Marotta ◽  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
Kajal Chhaganlal ◽  
Laura Monno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Malaria Test

Co-infection between malaria and HIV has major public health implications. The aims of this study were to assess the malaria prevalence and to identify predictors of positivity to malaria Test in HIV positive patients admitted to the health center São Lucas of Beira, Mozambique. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from January 2016 to December 2016. Overall, 701 adult HIV patients were enrolled, positivity to malaria test was found in 232 (33.0%). These patients were found to be more frequently unemployed (76.3%), aged under 40 (72.0%), with a HIV positive partner (22.4%) and with a CD4 cell count <200 (59.9%). The following variables were predictors of malaria: age under 40 (O.R. = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.22–2.08), being unemployed (O.R. = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.24–2.21), irregularity of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis’s (O.R. = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.10–1.78), CD4 cell count <200 (O.R. = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.42–2.32) and tuberculosis comorbidity (O.R. = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.17–2.79). In conclusion, high malaria prevalence was found in HIV patients accessing the out-patients centre of São Lucas of Beira. Our findings allowed us to identify the profile of HIV patients needing more medical attention: young adults, unemployed, with a low CD4 cell count and irregularly accessing to ART and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of clinical predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis among smear-negative cases in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037913
Author(s):  
Mala George ◽  
Geert-Jan Dinant ◽  
Efrem Kentiba ◽  
Teklu Teshome ◽  
Abinet Teshome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) when all versus only significant variables are combined into a decision model (1) among all clinical suspects and (2) among smear-negative cases based on the results of culture tests.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public referral hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 426 consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospitals with clinical suspicion of PTB were screened by sputum smear microscopy and chest radiograph (chest X-ray (CXR)) in accordance with the Ethiopian guidelines of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program. Discontinuation of antituberculosis therapy in the past 3 months, unproductive cough, HIV positivity and unwillingness to give written informed consent were the basis of exclusion from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA total of 354 patients were included in the final analysis, while 72 patients were excluded because culture tests were not done.ResultsThe strongest predictive variables of culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion were a positive smear test (OR 172; 95% CI 23.23 to 1273.54) and having CXR lesions compatible with PTB (OR 10.401; 95% CI 5.862 to 18.454). The regression model had a good predictive performance for identifying culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion (area under the curve (AUC) 0.84), but it was rather poor in patients with a negative smear result (AUC 0.64). Combining all the predictors in the model compared with only the independent significant variables did not really improve its performance to identify culture-positive (AUC 0.84–0.87) and culture-negative (AUC 0.64–0.69) PTB.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that predictive models based on clinical variables will not be useful to discriminate patients with culture-negative PTB from patients with culture-positive PTB among patients with smear-negative cases.

scholarly journals Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049824
Author(s):  
Andreas D Haas ◽  
Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽  
Stefanie Hossmann ◽  
Josphat Manzero ◽  
Janneke van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

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