Comparison of the Relationship between Cerebral White Matter and Grey Matter in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Lateral Ventricular Enlargement

Background Although MRI measures of grey matter abnormality correlate with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis, it is uncertain whether grey matter abnormality measured on MRI is entirely due to a primary grey matter process or whether it is partly related to disease in the white matter. Methods To explore potential mechanisms of grey matter damage we assessed the relationship of white matter T2 lesion volume, T1 lesion volume, and mean lesion magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR), with MRI measures of tissue atrophy and MTR in the grey matter in 117 subjects with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Results Grey matter fraction and mean grey matter MTR were strongly associated with lesion volumes and lesion MTR mean ( r = ±0.63–0.72). In contrast, only weak to moderate correlations existed between white matter and lesion measures. In a stepwise regression model, T1 lesion volume was the only independent lesion correlate of grey matter fraction and accounted for 52% of the variance. Lesion MTR mean and T2 lesion volume were independent correlates of mean grey matter MTR, accounting for 57% of the variance. Conclusions Axonal transection within lesions with secondary degeneration into the grey matter may explain the relationship between T1 lesions and grey matter fraction. A parallel accumulation of demyelinating lesions in white and grey matter may contribute to the association of T2 lesion volume and lesion MTR with grey matter MTR.

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Tractography and the connectome in neurosurgical treatment of gliomas: the premise, the progress, and the potential

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2019.11.focus19785 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. E6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fraser Henderson ◽

Kalil G. Abdullah ◽

Ragini Verma ◽

Steven Brem

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Cerebral White Matter ◽

Neural Pathways ◽

Glioma Surgery ◽

Preferential Diffusion ◽

Neurosurgical Treatment ◽

Glioma Resection ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The ability of diffusion tensor MRI to detect the preferential diffusion of water in cerebral white matter tracts enables neurosurgeons to noninvasively visualize the relationship of lesions to functional neural pathways. Although viewed as a research tool in its infancy, diffusion tractography has evolved into a neurosurgical tool with applications in glioma surgery that are enhanced by evolutions in crossing fiber visualization, edema correction, and automated tract identification. In this paper the current literature supporting the use of tractography in brain tumor surgery is summarized, highlighting important clinical studies on the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for preoperative planning of glioma resection, and risk assessment to analyze postoperative outcomes. The key methods of tractography in current practice and crucial white matter fiber bundles are summarized. After a review of the physical basis of DTI and post-DTI tractography, the authors discuss the methodologies with which to adapt DT image processing for surgical planning, as well as the potential of connectomic imaging to facilitate a network approach to oncofunctional optimization in glioma surgery.

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The Relationship Between Isolated Hypertension with Brain Volumes in UK Biobank

10.31234/osf.io/jqn5y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle Newby ◽

Laura Winchester ◽

William Sproviero ◽

Marco Fernandes ◽

Upamanyu Ghose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Brain Health ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Diastolic Hypertension ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Hypertension is a well-established risk factor for cognitive impairment, brain atrophy, and dementia. However, the relationship of other types of hypertension, such as, isolated hypertension on brain health and its comparison to systolic-diastolic hypertension (where systolic and diastolic measures are high), is still relatively unknown. Due to its increased prevalence, it is important to investigate the impact of isolated hypertension to help understand its potential impact on cognitive decline and future dementia risk. In this study, we compared a variety of global brain measures between participants with isolated hypertension to those with normal blood pressure or systolic-diastolic hypertension using the largest cohort of healthy individuals. Using the UK Biobank cohort, we carried out a cross-sectional study using 29775 participants [mean age 63 years, 53% female] with BP measurements and brain MRI data. We used linear regression models adjusted for multiple confounders to compare a variety of global, sub cortical and white matter brain measures. We compared participants with either isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension with normotensives and then with participants with systolic-diastolic hypertension. The results showed that participants with isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension taking BP medications had smaller grey matter but larger white matter microstructures and macrostructures compared to normotensives. However, isolated hypertensives had larger total grey matter and smaller white matter traits when comparing these regions with participants with systolic-diastolic hypertension.These results provide support to investigate possible preventative strategies that target isolated hypertension as well as systolic-diastolic hypertension to maintain brain health and/or reduce dementia risk earlier in life particularly in white matter regions.

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344 The Relationship between Late Life Depressive Symptoms and Cerebral White Matter Disease is Modified by Systemic and Orthostatic Blood Pressure

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz102.71 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii1-iii16

Author(s):

Robert Briggs ◽

Anne Buckley ◽

Silvin Knight ◽

Jim Meaney ◽

Sean Kennelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

White Matter ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Late Life ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cerebral White Matter ◽

White Matter Disease ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Cerebral white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is a key biological risk factor underpinning late life depression (LLD) and cerebral hypoperfusion has been identified as an important cause of WMH. The aim of this study therefore is to clarify if orthostatic hypotension (OH) and lower systemic blood pressure (BP), both of which cause reduced cerebral blood flow, modify the relationship between depression and cerebral white matter disease in a cohort of community-dwelling older people aged ≥70 years. Methods This study uses data from wave 3 of TILDA. Participants were included if they were aged ≥70 years and had undergone assessment for depressive symptoms, brain MRI and cardiovascular measures. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Scheltens Score was used by a trained radiologist to calculate overall WMH burden. Orthostatic BP was measured by active stand. OH was defined as a drop in Systolic BP≥20 mmHg or drop in diastolic BP≥10 mmHg at 30, 60 or 90 seconds post standing. Results Participants with depressive symptoms (8%, 16/202) had a significantly higher burden of WMH measured by Scheltens Score (14.6 (95% CI:11.0–18.2) vs. 11.0 (95% CI:10.1–11.8); p=0.0211). Two-way interaction models demonstrated that the association between depressive symptoms and WMH burden is significant only in those with co-existing OH. Similarly, the two-way interaction between depressive symptoms and systolic BP shows that this association remains statistically significant only in those with both depressive symptoms and lower BP, i.e. <130 mm Hg. Conclusion This study demonstrates that depressive symptoms are associated with cerebral WMH in a cohort of community-dwelling people aged ≥70 years but this relationship is modified by co-existing OH or lower BP. Identifying the processes that lead to WMH accumulation and progression in depression is crucial in order to inform strategies aimed at preventing and ameliorating LLD.

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An outbreak of fumonisin toxicosis in horses in Serbia

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2014.1812 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 387-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Jovanović ◽

D. Trailović ◽

V. Kukolj ◽

S. Nešić ◽

D. Marinković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Cerebral White Matter ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Histological Findings ◽

Poor Appetite ◽

Maize Bran ◽

Occipital Lobes ◽

Feed Samples

This paper reports on an outbreak of fumonisin toxicosis in a stable with 100 horses. Twenty-one horses were affected and fifteen died within a month. The animals were not febrile and exhibited poor appetite, somnolence, head pressing, blindness, ataxia, lethargy, and seizures, ending with death. The post mortem examination of the head of one 18-month-old colt revealed large, bilateral, slightly asymmetrical large areas of necrosis of the cerebral white matter. The lesions involved the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes only. Histological findings revealed leukomalacia with necrosis, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, haemorrhage and oedema of the surrounding grey matter. In response to the pathological findings, which indicated equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), feed samples from the premises were tested for fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2). The milled maize samples contained 6.0 mg/kg FB1 and 2.4 mg/kg FB2, while the maize bran contained 6.05 mg/kg FB1 and 1.68 mg/kg FB2. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of fumonisin toxicosis. Hence, this report indicates that Serbia is one of the few regions in Europe with proven cases of ELEM.

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