scholarly journals Carry-Over or Compensation? The Impact of Winter Harshness and Post-Winter Body Condition on Spring-Fattening in a Migratory Goose Species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0132312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin K. Clausen ◽  
Jesper Madsen ◽  
Ingunn M. Tombre
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Goose Species

Investigation on the control of multiphase flow behavior in a continuous casting tundish during ladle change

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Haitao Ling ◽  
Haijun Wang ◽  
Lizhong Chang ◽  
Shengtao Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
Impact Zone ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Slag Carry Over ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Turbulence Inhibitor ◽  
The Impact

The transient multiphase flow behavior in a single-strand tundish during ladle change was studied using physical modeling. The water and silicon oil were employed to simulate the liquid steel and slag. The effect of the turbulence inhibitor on the slag entrainment and the steel exposure during ladle change were evaluated and discussed. The effect of the slag carry-over on the water-oil-air flow was also analyzed. For the original tundish, the top oil phase in the impact zone was continuously dragged into the tundish bath and opened during ladle change, forming an emulsification phenomenon. By decreasing the liquid velocities in the upper part of the impact zone, the turbulence inhibitor decreased considerably the amount of entrained slag and the steel exposure during ladle change, thereby eliminating the emulsification phenomenon. Furthermore, the use of the TI-2 effectively lowered the effect of the slag carry-over on the steel cleanliness by controlling the movement of slag droplets. The results from industrial trials indicated that the application of the TI-2 reduced considerably the number of linear inclusions caused by ladle change in hot-rolled strip coils.

Carry‐over effects of environmental stochasticity of the California Current on body condition and wing length of breeding Black‐vented Shearwaters ( Puffinus opisthomelas )

Ibis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Soldatini ◽  
Martha Patricia Rosas Hernandez ◽  
Yuri V. Albores‐Barajas ◽  
Giulia Bambini ◽  
Adrian Munguia‐Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
California Current ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Carry Over

scholarly journals Association of body condition with lameness in dairy cattle: a single-farm longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michaela Kranepuhl ◽  
Detlef May ◽  
Edna Hillmann ◽  
Lorenz Gygax
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This research communication describes the relationship between the occurrence of lameness and body condition score (BCS) in a sample of 288 cows from a single farm that were repeatedly scored in the course of 9 months while controlling for confounding variables. The relationship between BCS and lameness was evaluated using generalised linear mixed-effects models. It was found that the proportion of lame cows was higher with decreasing but also with increasing BCS, increased with lactation number and decreased with time since the last claw trimming. This is likely to reflect the importance of sufficient body condition in the prevention of lameness but also raises the question of the impact of overcondition on lameness and the influence of claw trimming events on the assessment of lameness. A stronger focus on BCS might allow improved management of lameness that is still one of the major problems in housed cows.

scholarly journals Plant Succession, Ecological Restoration and the Skinks of Stephens Island / Takapourewa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cielle Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
The North ◽  
Occupancy Rates ◽  
The Impact

Ecological restoration often involves revegetation. I have investigated the impact of revegetation on the distribution, abundance and body condition of skinks on Stephens Island (Takapourewa). I tested the prediction that only one, Oligosoma infrapunctatum, of the four skink species (Oligosoma lineoocellatum, O. nigriplantare polychroma, O. infrapunctatum andO. zelandicum) will benefit in terms of abundance and distribution from revegetation. Stephens Island is a Wildlife Sanctuary in the north-western Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. The island is known for its diverse and abundant reptile community. Prior to the mid 19th century Stephens Island was covered in forest. Nearly 80% of this forest was destroyed following the establishment of a lighthouse and farm on the island in 1894. In 1989, when the control of Stephens Island passed to the Department of Conservation, reforestation became a key conservation goal. Stephens Island is currently a mosaic of different habitat types from pasture to coastal forest. Pitfall traps caught skinks for a mark-recapture study in four replicated habitat types: forest, tussock, pasture and replanted.<br><br>Oligosoma lineoocellatum comprised 75% of all individuals caught. Densities of O. lineoocellatum were higher in replanted habitat (3020/ha in December and 3770/ha in March) than tussock (2690/ha in December and 2560/ha in March) and lowest in the pasture (1740/hain December and 1960/ha in March). Rates of captures were too low to perform density estimates for the other three species. Trap occupancy rates indicate O. nigriplantare polychroma is more common in the tussock habitat, and O. infrapunctatum is more common in the replanted habitat. Few O. zelandicum were found, primarily in the tussock habitat. Pasture areas replanted 13 years ago (now scrub habitat) support a higher diversity and abundance of skinks. Forest areas remain depauperate of skinks. Skink preference for replanted areas suggests that, for now, revegetation benefits their populations, possibly due to greater food sources, lower predation pressure and a wider thermal range.<br><br>Body condition (log weight/ log snout-vent length) and proportion of tail loss of skinks were similar in the different habitat types. However, both O. nigriplantare polychroma and O.lineoocellatum had higher body condition in the replanted than the tussock habitat. Juvenile skinks had significantly lower body condition and a lower proportion of tail loss. Skink body condition was not negatively affected by revegetation or by different habitats, despite the large differences between the habitats. Revegetation currently benefits skink populations. Maintaining a mosaic of habitat types is recommended, because, should revegetation create more forest habitat through plantations or plant succession, it is likely that the population of all four species of skink will decline.<br>

scholarly journals IMPACT OF TURBINE-STRUT CLOCKING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A TURBINE CENTER FRAME

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Patrick Zeno Sterzinger ◽  
Filippo Merli ◽  
Andreas Peters ◽  
Stephan Behre ◽  
Franz Heitmeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous studies have indicated a potential for improving the performance of a Turbine Center Frame (TCF) duct by op- timizing the clocking position between the high-pressure-turbine (HPT) vanes and TCF struts. To assess the impact of clocking on the performance, a new test vehicle with a clockable ratio of HPT vanes to TCF struts, consisting of an HPT stage (aero- dynamically representative of the second-stage HPT engine), a TCF duct with non-turning struts, and a first-stage low-pressure turbine vane, was designed and tested in the transonic test tur- bine facility (TTTF) at Graz University of Technology. This paper quantifies the performance impact of clocking and describes the mechanisms causing TCF flow field changes, lever- aging both experimental and numerical data. Other areas in the TCF duct impacted by the choice of the HPT vane circumfer- ential position including the strength of unsteady HPT-TCF in- teraction modes, TCF strut incidence changes, and carry-over effects to the first LPT vane are additionally highlighted. Five-hole-probe (5HP) area traverses and kielhead-rake tra- verses were used to asses the flow field at the TCF-exit and calcu- late the pressure loss. The flow field at the TCF exit shows signif- icant differences depending on the circumferential position of the HPT vane. A relative performance benefit of 5% was achieved.

scholarly journals Effect of a Commercial Bentonite Clay (Smectite Clay) on Dairy Cows Fed Aflatoxin-Contaminated Feed

Dairy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Antonio Gallo ◽  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Fiorenzo Piccioli Cappelli ◽  
Saverio Pavone ◽  
Anna Mulazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Smectite Clay ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Dairy Milk ◽  
The Impact

We evaluated the impact of dietary supplementation with a commercially available smectite clay (TOXO® MX, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands), that binds to aflatoxins (AFs), on the performance and health status of multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows that received dietary AFB1 (the main AF). The carry-over of AFB1 was determined by measuring AFM1 (the main metabolite) in dairy milk. Performance values, blood markers, and liver inflammatory markers were also measured. Nine multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows (parity: 2.67 ± 0.86; days in milk: 91 ± 15 days; milk yield: 40.4 ± 2.7 kg/cow/day) were assigned to one of three treatments in a 3 periods × 3 treatments Latin square design (n = 3). In particular, three cows each received the CTR-0 diet (total mixed ration (TMR) with normal corn meals), the CTR-AFLA diet (CTR-0 diet with 17.53 ± 6.55 µg/kg DM AFBI), or the TRT diet (CTR-AFLA diet with 100 ± 1 g/cow/day of smectite clay). The AFB1 level was 0.63 ± 0.50 µg/kg DM in the CTR-0 diet, 2.28 ± 1.42 µg/kg DM in the CTR-AFLA diet, and 2.13 ± 1.11 µg/kg DM in the TRT diet. The experiment consisted of an adaptation period (21 days) and three 17-day experimental periods, each consisting of a 10-day intoxication period and 7-day clearance period. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA) with or without repeated measurements. Overall, the addition of AFB1 reduced the DM intake, but the groups had no significant differences in milk yields. The highest feed efficiency was in the TRT group. Measurement of AFM1 in milk indicated a “plateau” period, from day 4 to day 10 of the intoxication period, when the AFM1 level exceeded the guidelines of the European Union. The commercial smectite clay reduced milk AFM1 concentration by 64.8% and reduced the carry-over by 47.0%. The CTR-0 and TRT groups had similar carry-over levels of AFM1, although the absolute concentrations differed. The groups had no significant differences in plasma biomarkers. These results indicate that the commercially available smectite clay tested here was effective in adsorbing AFs in the gastro-intestinal tracts of cows, thus reducing the excretion of AFM1 into dairy milk.

The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021
Author(s):  
Priscilla Lóra Zangrandi ◽  
André Faria Mendonça ◽  
Ariovaldo Pereira Cruz-Neto ◽  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
Emerson M. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.

scholarly journals Climatic effects on breeding grounds are more important drivers of breeding phenology in migrant birds than carry-over effects from wintering grounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20130669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ockendon ◽  
Dave Leech ◽  
James W. Pearce-Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact

Long-distance migrants may be particularly vulnerable to climate change on both wintering and breeding grounds. However, the relative importance of climatic variables at different stages of the annual cycle is poorly understood, even in well-studied Palaearctic migrant species. Using a national dataset spanning 46 years, we investigate the impact of wintering ground precipitation and breeding ground temperature on breeding phenology and clutch size of 19 UK migrants. Although both spring temperature and arid zone precipitation were significantly correlated with laying date, the former accounted for 3.5 times more inter-annual variation. Neither climate variable strongly affected clutch size. Thus, although carry-over effects had some impact, they were weaker drivers of reproductive traits than conditions on the breeding grounds.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pseudoloma neurophilia Infection on Body Condition of Zebrafish

Zebrafish ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin L. Sanders ◽  
Joana F. Monteiro ◽  
Sandra Martins ◽  
Ana Catarina Certal ◽  
Michael L. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
The Impact
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