Farmers’ Intentions to Implement Foot and Mouth Disease Control Measures in Ethiopia

AbstractThe problem of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is of serious concern to the livestock sector in most nations, especially in developing countries. This paper presents the formulation and analysis of a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of FMD through a contaminated environment. It is shown that the key parameters that drive the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment are the shedding, transmission, and decay rates of the virus. Using numerical results, it is depicted that the host-to-host route is more severe than the environmental-to-host route. The model is then transformed into an optimal control problem. Using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the optimality system is determined. Utilizing a gradient type algorithm with projection, the optimality system is solved for three control strategies: optimal use of vaccination, environmental decontamination, and a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination. Results show that a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination is the most optimal strategy. These results indicate that if vaccination and environmental decontamination are used optimally during an outbreak, then FMD transmission can be controlled. Future studies focusing on the control measures for the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment should aim at reducing the transmission and the shedding rates, while increasing the decay rate.

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Why slaughter? The cultural dimensions of Britain's foot and mouth disease control policy, 1892?2001

Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics ◽

10.1007/s10806-004-5185-4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 17 (4-5) ◽

pp. 341-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Abigail Woods

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Control Policy ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Association between meteorological factors and reported cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2000 to 2015 in Japan

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817001820 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (14) ◽

pp. 2896-2911 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. SUMI ◽

S. TOYODA ◽

K. KANOU ◽

T. FUJIMOTO ◽

K. MISE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Entropy Method ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Lower Threshold ◽

Control Measures ◽

Temperature Threshold ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to clarify the association between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and meteorological conditions. We used HFMD surveillance data of all 47 prefectures in Japan from January 2000 to December 2015. Spectral analysis was performed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) for temperature-, relative humidity-, and total rainfall-dependent incidence data. Using MEM-estimated periods, long-term oscillatory trends were calculated using the least squares fitting (LSF) method. The temperature and relative humidity thresholds of HFMD data were estimated from the LSF curves. The average temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 12 °C and a higher threshold at 30 °C for risk of HFMD infection. Maximum and minimum temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 6 °C and a higher threshold at 35 °C, suggesting a need for HFMD control measures at temperatures between 6 and 35 °C. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of maximum and minimum temperatures rather than the average temperature, to estimate the temperature threshold of HFMD infections. The results obtained might aid in the prediction of epidemics and preparation for the effect of climatic changes on HFMD epidemiology.

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Foot and Mouth Disease Control: The Next Steps

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/014107680209500101 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A J Beale

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Foot and Mouth Disease : Etiology, Epidemiology and Control Measures

Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.3947/ic.2011.43.2.178 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Han Sang Yoo

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Control Measures ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

And Control

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The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci5040101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Terdsak Yano ◽

Sith Premashthira ◽

Tosapol Dejyong ◽

Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽

Mo D. Salman

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Animal Movement ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Control Programme ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Control Measures ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

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Evaluation of Quality Control Methods for Foot-And-Mouth Disease Vaccines by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Mun-Hyeon Kim ◽

Seon-Jong Yun ◽

Yeon-Hee Kim ◽

Hyang-Sim Lee ◽

Ji-Yeon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Reference Method ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Control Measures ◽

Standard Material ◽

Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered one of the highly contagious viral infections affecting livestock. In Korea, an FMD vaccination policy has been implemented nationwide since 2010 for the prevention and control of FMD. Since the vaccines are imported from various countries, standardized quality control measures are critical. In this study, we aimed to validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device in the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency lab and identify an appropriate FMD vaccine pretreatment method for HPLC—a simple, reliable, and practical method to measure antigen content. Based on the analyses of specificity, linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, limits of detection, and limits of quantification using FMD standard samples, we validated the method using a standard material. Overall, we confirmed that the HPLC technique is effective for the quantitative assessment of the FMD virus 146S antigen in Korea. Using commercial FMD vaccines, we evaluated three separation methods and identified the method using n-pentanol and trichloroethylene as optimal for HPLC analysis. Our HPLC method was effective for the analytical detection of the antigen content in FMD vaccine, and it may be useful as a reference method for national lot-release testing.

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