Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Earthworm Eisenia fetida at Different Di-n-Butyl Phthalate Exposure Levels

Abstract Background Dysregulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expressions is linked to asthma and allergic disease. Exposure to phthalate esters, a widely used plasticizer, is associated with respiratory and allergic morbidity. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) causes TSLP upregulation in the skin. In addition, phthalate exposure is associated with changes in environmentally induced DNA methylation, which might cause phenotypic heterogeneity. This study examined the DNA methylation of the TSLP gene to determine the potential mechanism between phthalate exposure and allergic diseases. Results Among all evaluated, only benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) in the settled dusts were negatively correlated with the methylation levels of TSLP and positively associated with children’s respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that every unit increase in BBzP concentration in the settled dust was associated with a 1.75% decrease in the methylation level on upstream 775 bp from the transcription start site (TSS) of TSLP (β = − 1.75, p = 0.015) after adjustment for child’s sex, age, BMI, parents’ smoking status, allergic history, and education levels, PM2.5, formaldehyde, temperature; and relative humidity. Moreover, every percentage increase in the methylation level was associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of morning respiratory symptoms in the children (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.99). Conclusions Exposure to BBzP in settled dust might increase children’s respiratory symptoms in the morning through decreasing TSLP methylation. Therefore, the exposure to BBzP should be reduced especially for the children already having allergic diseases.

Download Full-text

Association between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescents and Young Adults

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9020033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Po-Ching Chu ◽

Charlene Wu ◽

Ta-Chen Su

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Phthalate Exposure ◽

Butyl Phthalate ◽

Microparticle Formation

Endothelial function is crucial in the pathogenesis of circulatory and cardiovascular toxicity; epidemiologic research investigating the association between phthalate exposure and endothelial dysfunction remains limited. We examined the associations between exposures to specific phthalates (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP; di-n-butyl phthalate, DnBP) and circulating endothelial and platelet microparticles (EMPs and PMPs) in adolescents and young adults. Of the 697 participants recruited, anthropometric measurements and health-related behaviors relevant to cardiovascular risks were collected and assessed. Urine and serum were collected and analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and flow cytometry. Multiple linear regression indicated that increases in urinary concentrations of ΣDEHP and MnBP (mono-n-butyl phthalate), across quartiles, were positively associated with serum EMPs level (p for trend <0.001 and <0.001; β = 0.798 and 0.007; standard error = 0.189 and 0.001, respectively). Moreover, female and overweight subjects had higher MnBP, and males were more vulnerable to DnBP exposure compared to females. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a dose-response relationship between exposures to phthalates (ΣDEHP and MnBP) and microparticle formation (EMPs and PMPs) in adolescents and young adults. The findings indicate that exposures to phthalates of both low and high-molecular weight are positively associated with microparticle production, and might contribute to endothelial dysfunction; such damage might manifest in the form of atherosclerotic-related vascular diseases. Future in vivo and in vitro studies are warranted to elucidate whether a causal relationship exists between phthalate exposure and EMPs and PMPs.

Download Full-text

Oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by trifloxystrobin on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in two soils

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 149004

Author(s):

Ruolin Wu ◽

Tongtong Zhou ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Jinhua Wang ◽

Zhongkun Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Eisenia Fetida

Download Full-text

Effects of di(n-butyl) phthalate exposure on foetal rat germ-cell number and differentiation: identification of age-specific windows of vulnerability

International Journal of Andrology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01140.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (5pt2) ◽

pp. e386-e396 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. S. Jobling ◽

G. R. Hutchison ◽

S. van den Driesche ◽

R. M. Sharpe

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Cell Number ◽

Phthalate Exposure ◽

Foetal Rat ◽

Butyl Phthalate ◽

Windows Of Vulnerability

Download Full-text

Abstract 253: Di-n-butyl Phthalate: An Indoor Pollutant Induces Murine Macrophages Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, a Potential Atheropathogenesis Modulator

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Mazhar ◽

Dhuha Alsayrafi ◽

Tong Wu ◽

Mahdi Garelnabi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

Murine Macrophages ◽

Atherosclerosis Progression ◽

Indoor Pollutant ◽

Human Cardiovascular System ◽

Butyl Phthalate

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is used in air fresheners. It is a colorless oily compound which also used for manufacturing bendable plastics. DBP can cause low acute or chronic toxicity; however, the effect of DBP on humans in the form of air fresheners is not well studied. The effect of DBP on the human cardiovascular system has not been studied. Macrophages are involved in atherosclerosis progression and development; murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used for this study. The macrophages were treated with 10uM, 20uM and 50uM DBP for 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Genes involved in inflammation and antioxidant activity like TNF-a, MCP-1, VCAM-1, NF-kB, PON1, SOCS were analyzed after treatment. macrophages showed statistically significant increases in TNF-alpha expression (p≤ 0.05) after 24 hour treatment with DBP. The expression of NF-kB showed a significant increase in response to DBP treatment (p≤ 0.05) at 24 hours. MCP-1 and VCAM-1 gene expressions were also upregulated after exposure to DBP. Interestingly, catalase gene expression was upregulated in all treatments after 24 hours of exposure however PON-1 gene expression showed differential upregulation responses. Our data clearly suggest that DBP induces inflammation in macrophages. PON1 and catalase upregulated gene expression indicative of a compensatory response to oxidative stress associated with the treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation mediated macrophages responses strongly linked to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.

Download Full-text