scholarly journals Gender bias in clinical case reports: A cross-sectional study of the “big five” medical journals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Allotey ◽  
Caitlin Allotey-Reidpath ◽  
Daniel D. Reidpath
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals

scholarly journals SAT0078 SAFETY OF LOW DOSE METHOTREXATE (MTX) IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 974.2-974
Author(s):  
A. Gunay ◽  
A. Davidson ◽  
I. Colmegna ◽  
D. Lacaille ◽  
H. Loewen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background:Increased awareness of the efficacy of MTX in rheumatic disease is leading to more MTX use in patients from HIV endemic areas. While HIV related immunosuppression may contribute to improvement of some rheumatic diseases, immune reconstitution from highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may lead to exacerbation or presentation of autoimmune disorders for which MTX therapy may be warranted. Most management guidelines for rheumatic disease do not address MTX use in the context of HIV.Objectives:To systematically review the published literature on the safety of using MTX ≤30 mg per week in HIV.Methods:We searched CINAHL, Embase, Global, MEDLINE and World of Science databases (Jan 1990 to May 2018) for terms including ‘methotrexate’ and ‘human immunodeficiency virus’. We also searched citations from review articles. Titles, abstracts or full manuscripts were screened independently by 2 reviewers to identify studies reporting HIV in patients taking MTX. Study quality was assessed using the McGill Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data was extracted on MTX and HIV adverse events (MTX toxicity, HIV viral load, CD4 count). Descriptive summaries are presented for studies providing outcomes in patients taking MTX ≤30 mg per week.Results:After removing duplicates and studies not meeting criteria or not providing sufficient information, 42 of the 2714 identified reports were included (1 clinical trial, 2 cohort, 1 cross-sectional study, 38 case reports/case series). Most reports (81%) originated from USA or Europe. Study quality was generally good with most studies fulfilling 50-100% of MMAT criteria. The randomized controlled trial (USA) assessing MTX on atherosclerotic disease in HIV showed that adverse events were more common in MTX versus placebo (12.8% vs 5.6%, p non-inferiority <0.05) and included infection, transient CD4 and CD8 drop, pulmonary toxicity, and death (1 attributed to MTX/HIV, 1 unrelated). One cohort study (South Africa) reported 43 RA patients on MTX who acquired HIV. In this cohort, RA generally improved despite only 5 individuals continuing MTX. No data on MTX adverse event rates was reported. One cohort study (USA) reported 13 HIV patients with myositis. One received MTX (with other immunosuppression) without MTX adverse effects but died due to AIDS. A cross-sectional study (France) of 43 HIV pts with autoimmune disease reported one patient on MTX (and other immunosuppression) developed an adverse event (cytopenia) compared to 5/33 patients not on MTX (cytopenia). The 38 case reports/series described 54 individuals with HIV receiving MTX. Of these studies, 27 (describing 42 subjects) reported on MTX adverse events and 35 (describing 46 subjects) reported on HIV adverse events. MTX adverse events developed in 29 subjects (hematologic 13, renal/hepatic 1, opportunistic infections 10, other events 2). HIV adverse events were noted in 23 subjects (Kaposi’s sarcoma 4, CD4 decrease 16, HIV viral titer increase 4). Five deaths were reported (2 infection, 1 infection and wasting, 2 HIV related deaths). Most subjects also received corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants including biologics.Conclusion:There remains limited data on the safety of low dose MTX in HIV. Surveillance for HIV is warranted for individuals on MTX who are at risk for acquiring HIV. Caution and careful monitoring for MTX toxicity, opportunistic infections and HIV state is suggested if MTX is used in the setting of HIV particularly if combined with other immunosuppression.References:[1] Clin Infectious Disease 2019:68[2] J Rheumatology 2014:41[3] Arthritis and Rheumatism 2003:49[4] Medicine 2017:96Acknowledgments :Funding from International League Against RheumatismMcGill University Global Health Scholar AwardsDisclosure of Interests:Alize Gunay: None declared, Anna Davidson: None declared, Ines Colmegna: None declared, Diane Lacaille: None declared, Hal Loewen: None declared, Michele Meltzer: None declared, Yewondwossen Mengistu: None declared, Rosie Scuccimarri: None declared, Zenebe Yirsaw: None declared, Sasha Bernatsky: None declared, Carol Hitchon Grant/research support from: UCB Canada; Pfizer Canada

scholarly journals Prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureuscarriage among dogs and their owners

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. BOOST ◽  
M. M. O'DONOGHUE ◽  
A. JAMES
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Care Workers

SUMMARYCase reports have indicated transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusbetween humans and pets. We investigated associations between level of contact between dog and owner, andS. aureuscolonization. In a cross-sectional study, nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility ofS. aureuswas determined for 830 dogs and 736 owners. Relatedness of isolates was investigated using antibiograms and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Associations between carriage and demographics or amount of contact between owners and dogs were documented.S. aureuswas isolated in 24% of humans and 8·8% of dogs. Antibiotic resistance was significantly more common in canine isolates. Of 17 owner/dog colonized pairs, six were indistinguishable by PFGE. Colonization of dogs was not associated with close human contact, but was strongly associated with health-care occupations (OR 3·29, 95% CI 1·49–7·26,P=0·002). In outbreak situations health-care workers' pets should be considered as a source ofS. aureus. High rates of resistance indicate increased monitoring of antibiotic use in veterinary practice is needed.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement in Observational Studies Published in Iranian Medical Journals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila SHAGHAGHIAN ◽  
Behrooz ASTANEH
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Strobe Statement

Background: Although much medical knowledge comes from observational research, such studies are more prone to confounding and bias than others. This study was conducted to evaluate the adherence of the observational studies published in Iranian medical journals to the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) statement. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected 150 articles of Iranian medical journals, using multistage sampling from Aug 2016 to Jun 2017. The reported items of the STROBE statement in the articles was determined and considered as the adherence of the articles to the statement. The adherence of the articles with different characteristics was compared. Results: The adherence of the articles to the statement varied from 24% to 68% with a mean score of 48%±9%. The lowest mean scores were found in the Result (36%) and Method (49%) sections. The adherence was significantly better in the articles published in the journals indexed in PubMed or Web of Knowledge (ISI) databases (P<0.001) and those written by cooperation of the authors from other countries (P=0.044). Conclusion: The evaluated articles in our study had not adequately reported the items recommended by the STROBE statement. This indicates deficiency in key elements for readers to assess the validity and applicability of a study.  

scholarly journals The Big-Five personality traits and quality of life in elderly Malaysian patients with diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Sy-Cherng Woon ◽  
Paula Junggar Gosse ◽  
Emily Samantha Kaunismaa ◽  
Roslyn Laurie Mainland ◽  
Arun Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in the elderly population, with a significant impact on quality of life. This study aimed to explore the relationship between personality traits and quality of life in an elderly population with diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center. Outpatients above 60 years old with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical information were obtained. Quality of life was assessed using the WHO Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire and personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Inventory questionnaire. Depression and anxiety were measured with Beck Depression Inventory and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale respectively and controlled for in statistical analyses. Results: There were 170 study participants (median age=69.0 years; IQR: 65.0-73.0; 51.2% male). In stepwise linear regression models, higher conscientiousness scores (β=0.156; p=0.044) and lower neuroticism scores (β=-0.176; p=0.028) were associated with greater quality of life in the physical health domain. Higher extraversion scores (β=0.209; p=0.001) and higher conscientiousness scores (β=0.248; p<0.001) were associated with greater quality of life in the psychological health domain. Higher agreeableness scores (β=0.286; p<0.001) were associated with greater quality of life in the social relationship domain. Finally, higher agreeableness scores (β=0.327; p<0.001) and lower neuroticism scores (β=-0.223; p=0.001) were associated with greater quality of life in the environment domain. Conclusions: Personality traits were closely associated with all domains of quality of life among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Premorbid personality may have important role in moderating the impact of diabetes mellitus on the lives of elderly patients.

Awareness and Contraception Practices among Women—An Indian Rural Experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Sunita Ghike ◽  
Sulbha Joshi ◽  
A Bhalerao ◽  
A Kawthalkar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Knowledge ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
Family Pressure

ABSTRACT Population explosion is a major burden on developing countries like us. Unregulated fertility not only disrupts the health of women and child but also disrupts the economy of society and nation. To gain the knowledge about awareness and contraceptive practices in women living in rural area a cross-sectional study was conducted over two years from 15/5/05 to 15/6/07 in relation to age, parity, literacy level, working place, source of knowledge about contraception, women practicing contraception and reasons for nonuse of contraceptives. It was observed that most of the women belong to the age group of 22 to 25 years 346.91%, 33.7% were para 2. 56.3% were working and 44%were literate and only 1 to 1.2% had education above high school level. Media including TV and radio was the main source of contraceptive knowledge, i.e. 70%. 67.5% of women were aware about temporary methods of contraception while 100% were aware about permanent methods of contraception, but number of women practicing contraception was very low, i.e. 35.7% and the main reason of nonpractice of contraception was family pressure mainly in laws, husband gender bias, physical abuse, etc. i. e. 59%. It was noted that though knowledge of at least one method of contraception was wide among the women but still actual practice was very low.

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