Anemia and its association with coffee consumption and hookworm infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background Candida is the commonest opportunistic fungi in human. Candida species cause diverse types of diseases. Vaginal candidiasis has been reported as one of the most common type of fungal diseases among pregnant women. However; In Ethiopia, due to scarcity of data, much has not been documented regarding the prevalence of Candida among pregnant women. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence, possible risk factors and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species among pregnant women attending Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017. A total of 384 pregnant women were included using a systematic random sampling technique. Vaginal specimens were collected, inoculated on Candida HiV eg culture Medium and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.Colonies were identified using standard microbiological methods and selected for further Candida Species identification using Hi Chrome agar and germ tube test. Fungal suspensions were made and adjusted at 0.5% MacFarland standard. Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used for antifungal susceptibility. Data was entered, cleaned using Ep info version 7.1and transported to Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. P. value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. Result From a total of 384 study participants, 96 (25%) were positive for Candida species. The predominant Candida species was Candida albicans 54(56.25%) followed by Candida krusei 21(21.9%), Candida glabrata 17(17.7%), Candida tropicalis 1(1%) and 3(3.1%) were other Candida species. Contraceptive use (AOR: 0.394; 95% CI = 0.20–0.74) and prolonged antibiotic uses (AOR: 0.393; 95% CI = 0.21–0.72) were risk factors. All isolates except Candida krusei were 100% susceptible to amphotericin-B. Resistance rate was high against itraconazole and Ketoconazole 55(57.3%). Conclusion The prevalence of Candida species among symptomatic pregnant women was significantly higher than asymptomatic pregnant women. Age group between 26 and 40 years was significantly associated with Candida infection. Amphotericin B was the most sensitive antifungal drug. High rate of multiple drugs resistant Candida species was detected. Therefore Symptomatic women should be routinely screened and treated.

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Seroprevalence of Anti–Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178633720948872 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117863372094887

Author(s):

Senait Mulugeta ◽

Abaineh Munshea ◽

Endalkachew Nibret

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a zoonotic disease called toxoplasmosis. If the infection acquired during pregnancy is not detected and treated early, the parasite can be transmitted transplacentally to the fetus, resulting in congenital toxoplasmosis, which likely leads to serious consequences in the fetus. Toxoplasmosis constitutes a major public health problem particularly in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and to assess the potential risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on the sociodemographic and potential obstetric and behavioral risk factors were gathered through pretested structured questionnaires, and 3 mL of venous blood was also drawn from each of randomly selected 233 study subjects. The serum samples were separated from the blood samples and tested for anti- Toxoplasma antibody using Toxo-latex slide agglutination test. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between risk factors considered and T gondii infection. Results: The overall prevalence of T gondii infection was 67.8%, indicating a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the study area. In multivariate analysis, keeping domestic cat at home was found to be the only explanatory variable of toxoplasmosis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.449, 95% confidence interval = 1.183-5.070, P = .016). All sociodemographic variables and most of the potential obstetric and behavioral risk factors were not statistically significant explanatory variables of T gondii infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of toxoplasmosis is high in the study area. Thus, pregnant women should be aware of the potential risk of the disease when keeping cats at home and management of their litter. Inclusion of serologic screening for T gondii infection at antenatal care is warranted for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service in Debre Markos town health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0218722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. e0218722 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zelalem Nigussie Azene ◽

Hedija Yenus Yeshita ◽

Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Care Service ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Debre Markos

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Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.06.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 549-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kefale Awoke ◽

Endalkachew Nibret ◽

Abaineh Munshea

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Effects of intestinal parasite infection on hematological profiles of pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Institution based prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250990 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250990

Author(s):

Gebreselassie Demeke ◽

Getachew Mengistu ◽

Abtie Abebaw ◽

Milkiyas Toru ◽

Molla Yigzaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Parasite Infection ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽

The Mean ◽

Debre Markos

Background Intestinal parasitosis is a common disease that causes misery and disability in poor populations. The number of individuals affected is staggering. From two billion peoples who harbor parasites worldwide, 300 million suffer severe morbidity and more than 25% of pregnant women are infected with hookworm, which causes intestinal bleeding and blood loss, and has been most commonly associated with anemia. Intestinal parasite infection during pregnancy has been associated with iron deficiency, maternal anemia, and impaired nutritional status, as well as decreased infant birth weight. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of intestinal parasite infection on hematological profiles of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Markos Referral Hospital from December 2017 to February 2019. Method A prospective cohort study design was conducted among 94 intestinal parasite-infected pregnant women as an exposed group and 187 pregnant women free from intestinal parasite were used as a control group. The effect of intestinal parasites on hematological profiles of pregnant women was assessed at Debre Markos Referral Hospital antenatal care ward. Socio-demographic data and nutrition status were assessed by using structured questionnaires and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), respectively. Two ml of venous blood and 2 gm of stool samples were collected to analyze the hematological profiles and detect intestinal parasites, respectively. Wet mount and formol-ether concentration (FEC) techniques were used to detect intestinal parasites. Hematological profile was analyzed using Mind ray BC-3000 plus instrument. Data were double entered into EpiData version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 24 software for analysis. Results were presented using tables and graphs. Associations of hemoglobin levels with intestinal parasitic infections were determined using binary logistic regression models. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean hematological profile difference between parasite-infected and parasite-free pregnant women was computed using independent t-test. Results In the present study, the predominant parasites identified were Entamoeba histolytica, hookworm, Giardia lamblia, Schistosoma mansoni, and Ascaris lumbricoides. About 8.2% of intestinal parasite-infected pregnant women had mild anemia while 4% had moderate anemia. Only 1.2% of intestinal parasite-free pregnant women developed moderate anemia. The mean HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values of intestinal parasite-infected pregnant women were 12.8g/dl, 38.2%, 94.7fl, 33.1pg and 34.7g/dl, respectively. But the mean HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC values of pregnant women who were free from intestinal parasites were 14.4 g/dl, 39.8%, 94.9fl, 33.9pg and 35.5g/dl, respectively. Anemia was strongly associated with hookworm (AOR = 21.29, 95%CI: 8.28–54.75, P<0.001), S.mansoni (AOR = 63.73, 95% CI: 19.15–212, P<0.001) and A.lumbricoide (AOR = 14.12, 95% CI 3.28–60.65, P<0.001). Conclusion Intestinal parasitic infection in pregnant women caused adverse impact on hematological profiles and was an independent predictor of anemia. Intestinal parasitic infection significantly decreased pregnant the level of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values. To minimize maternal anemia deworming could be good before pregnancy.

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