The effects of kinesiology taping on experimentally-induced thermal and mechanical pain in otherwise pain-free healthy humans: A randomised controlled repeated-measures laboratory study

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of two acute burn dressings, Burnaid hydrogel dressing and plasticised polyvinylchloride film, on reducing acute pain scores in paediatric burn patients following appropriate first aid.DesignSingle-centre, superiority, two-arm, parallel-group, prospective randomised controlled trial.Participants and settingPaediatric patients (aged ≤16) presenting to the Emergency Department at the Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, with an acute thermal burn were approached for participation in the trial from September 2017–September 2018.InterventionsPatients were randomised to receive either (1) Burnaid hydrogel dressing (intervention) or (2) plasticised polyvinylchloride film (Control) as an acute burn dressing.Primary and secondary outcomesObservational pain scores from nursing staff assessed 5 min post application of the randomised dressing, measured using the Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability Scale was the primary outcome. Repeated measures of pain, stress and re-epithelialisation were also collected at follow-up dressing changes until 95% wound re-epithelialisation occurred.ResultsSeventy-two children were recruited and randomised (n=37 intervention; n=35 control). No significant between-group differences in nursing (mean difference: −0.1, 95% CI −0.7 to 0.5, p=0.72) or caregiver (MD: 1, 95% CI −8 to 11, p=0.78) observational pain scores were identified. Moreover, no significant differences in child self-report pain (MD: 0.3, 95% CI −1.7 to 2.2, p=0.78), heart rate (MD: −3, 95% CI −11 to 5, p=0.41), temperature (MD: 0.6, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.24, p=0.53), stress (geometric mean ratio: 1.53, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.53, p=0.10), or re-epithelialisation rates (MD: −1, 95% CI −3 to 1, p=0.26) were identified between the two groups.ConclusionsA clear benefit of Burnaid hydrogel dressing as an analgesic adjunct to first aid for the treatment of acute paediatric burns was not identified in this investigation.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001274369).

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Vitamin D intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and response to moderate vitamin D3 supplementation: a randomised controlled trial in East African and Finnish women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451700397x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 431-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Folasade A. Adebayo ◽

Suvi T. Itkonen ◽

Taina Öhman ◽

Essi Skaffari ◽

Elisa M. Saarnio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

East African ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Randomised Controlled

AbstractInsufficient vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D)<50 nmol/l) is common among immigrants living at the northern latitudes. We investigated ethnic differences in response of S-25(OH)D to vitamin D3 supplementation, through a 5-month randomised controlled trial, in East African and Finnish women in Southern Finland (60°N) from December 2014 to May 2015. Vitamin D intakes (dietary and supplemental) were also examined. Altogether, 191 subjects were screened and 147 women (East Africans n 72, Finns n 75) aged 21–64 years were randomised to receive placebo or 10 or 20 µg of vitamin D3/d. S-25(OH)D concentrations were assessed by liquid chromatography–tandem MS. At screening, 56 % of East Africans and 9 % of Finns had S-25(OH)D<50 nmol/l. Total vitamin D intake was higher in East Africans than in Finns (24·2 (sd 14·3) v. 15·2 (sd 13·4) µg/d, P<0·001). Baseline mean S-25(OH)D concentrations were higher in Finns (60·5 (sd=16·3) nmol/l) than in East Africans (51·5 (sd 15·4) nmol/l) (P=0·001). In repeated-measures ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline S-25(OH)D), mean S-25(OH)D increased by 8·5 and 10·0 nmol/l with a 10-µg dose and by 10·7 and 17·1 nmol/l with a 20-µg dose for Finns and East Africans, respectively (P>0·05 for differences between ethnic groups). In conclusion, high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency existed among East African women living in Finland, despite higher vitamin D intake than their Finnish peers. Moderate vitamin D3 supplementation was effective in increasing S-25(OH)D in both groups of women, and no ethnic differences existed in the response to supplementation.

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12 tDCS modulation of pavlovian bias under intermittent loss of control

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (8) ◽

pp. e12.3-e13

Author(s):

Terezie Lekscha Sedlinská ◽

Lara Bolte ◽

Eirik Melsæter ◽

Gábor Csifcsák ◽

Matthias Mittner

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Learning Task ◽

Loss Of Control ◽

Learning From Experience ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Cortical Responses ◽

Human Functioning ◽

The Face ◽

Response Feedback

Objectives/AimsLearning from experience and making decisions based on integrated environmental feedback is crucial for human functioning and wellbeing. Difficulties in learning and decision-making have been found in several psychiatric conditions. Pavlovian bias, a tendency to approach reward and remain passive in the face of punishment, can be advantageous in some situations, while in others, it can lead to maladaptive decisions and needs to be overcome by cognitive control. It has been suggested that healthy humans rely more heavily on Pavlovian bias when instrumental control over environmental reinforcers is compromised. In our study, we were focusing on the influence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on Pavlovian bias during and after an intermittent loss of control over rewards and losses.MethodsIn our pilot study, 19 adults underwent three blocks of an orthogonalized go-nogo reinforcement learning task. Blocks 1 and 3 had a response-feedback contingency of 70–30%, enabling learning via trial-and-error. In the second block, the outcome was independent of the participants’ responses (50%-50% contingency level). Cortical responses of all participants were recorded via EEG. Multi-electrode tDCS targeting the medial prefrontal cortex was administered in a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled manner.ResultsWe conducted a repeated-measures ANOVA with ‘session’ (PRE x tDCS x POST), ‘valence’ (Win x Avoid) and ‘PB-congruency’ (Pavlovian bias congruent x incongruent) as within-factors, ‘group’ (Active stimulation x Sham) as the between- factor and ‘accuracy’ as the dependent variable. The interaction of ‘session’ and ‘PB- congruency’ with F(2,16)=2.62, p=0.09 were marginally significant, pointing towards slightly enhanced Pavlovian bias in the second block. However, the interaction of ‘session’, ‘PB-congruency’ and ‘group’ was not significant (F(2,16)=0.46, p=0.63). The evaluation of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) in the EEG revealed gradually increasing amplitudes in reward trials in the sham group, whereas we found a trend towards reduced FRN amplitude in the active group with F(2,13)=2.83, p=0.08.ConclusionsOur preliminary data show that a loss of control over feedbacks might increase the effect of Pavlovian bias on the choices of all participants. Although active tDCS seems to attenuate cortical responses during feedback evaluation, this effect is not accompanied by alterations in choice behaviour. Our data collection is still ongoing. The results from the full sample of 50 participants will be analysed by February 2020.

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Influence of intranasal oxytocin on fear consolidation in healthy humans

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2019-100131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. e100131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth Hoge ◽

Eric Bui ◽

Peter Rosencrans ◽

Scott Orr ◽

Rachel Ross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fear Conditioning ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Skin Conductance Response ◽

De Novo ◽

Fear Learning ◽

Drug Trials ◽

Conditioning Procedure ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Main Effects

BackgroundAlthough recent data in healthy humans suggestthat treatment with intranasal oxytocin (OT) may facilitate extinction recall,to date, little is known about the effects of OT on memory consolidationprocesses.AimTo examine the effect of intranasal administration of OT compared with placebo on memory consolidation blockade of a de novo fear memory in a classical 2-day fear conditioning procedure.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the OT and the placebo groups on the first two extinction trials (mean (SD)=0.01 (0.39) vs 0.15 (0.31), t=−1.092, p=0.28). Similarly, during early extinction, analysis of variance for repeated measures failed to show significant main effects of extinction trials: trials (F(4, 112)=1.58, p=0.18), drug (F(1, 112)=0.13, p=0.72) or drug × trials interaction (F(4, 112)=0.76, p=0.56).ConclusionOur results suggest that OT administered in a double-blind fashion immediately after fear conditioning does not significantly reduce consolidation of fear learning as measured by a differential skin conductance response tested at the beginning of extinction.

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0275 Exposure to Experimentally Induced Sleep Disturbance Affects the Inflammatory Resolution Pathways in Healthy Humans

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A104-A105

Author(s):

L C Engert ◽

M Dubourdeau ◽

J M Mullington ◽

M Haack

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Low Grade ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Science Center ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Recovery Sleep ◽

Experimentally Induced

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances are assumed to impair health through induction of low-grade systemic inflammation. Experimental studies have shown that such inflammatory upregulation does not normalize even after a couple of nights of recovery sleep. We hypothesized that sleep disturbances do not only affect inflammatory pathways, but also the recently detected inflammatory resolution pathways, which actively terminate inflammation. Mediators of inflammatory resolution mainly derive from omega-3 fatty acids converted to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins. We investigated SPMs in healthy humans exposed to a novel model of experimental insomnia. Methods Twenty-four individuals (age 18–42 years, 12 women) participated in a study consisting of two 19-day in-hospital protocols (insomnia/control). After three nights of baseline sleep (8h/night, 23:00-07:00), participants in the experimental insomnia condition were exposed to three cycles of three nights of disturbed sleep (delayed sleep-onset, hourly sleep disruption, advanced sleep-offset) followed by one night of 8h-recovery sleep. The protocol ended with three additional nights of recovery sleep. In the control condition, participants had an uninterrupted sleep opportunity (8h/night) across the 19-day protocol. Blood samples were taken at 11:00 at baseline, during experimental insomnia exposure, and after recovery sleep. Several SPMs were measured in plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results Exposure to experimental insomnia affected several SPMs compared to control sleep, including a decrease of resolvin D4 and E2 concentrations, which was still evident after the third recovery night (p<.05). Conclusion This is the first investigation on the effects of experimentally induced sleep disturbance on inflammatory resolution pathways. The results support that SPMs, particularly resolvin D4 and E2, are decreased by sleep disturbances, and do not normalize after a couple of nights of recovery sleep. Targeting these pathways by pharmacologically increasing SPMs may help to limit inflammatory consequences of sleep disturbances. Support NIH/NINDS R01-NS091177; NIH/National Center for Research Resources UL1-RR02758 and M01-RR01032 to the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center.

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Neuroendocrine responses to experimentally-induced psychological stress in healthy humans

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00046-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 91-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

G Gerra ◽

A Zaimovic ◽

G.G Mascetti ◽

S Gardini ◽

U Zambelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Stress ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Neuroendocrine Responses ◽

Experimentally Induced

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Nefopam, a non-opioid analgesic, does not alleviate experimental work/effort dyspnoea in healthy humans: A randomised controlled trial

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.pupt.2016.06.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 74-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurence Dangers ◽

Louis Laviolette ◽

Bény Charbit ◽

Thomas Similowski ◽

Capucine Morélot-Panzini

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Experimental Work ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Opioid Analgesic ◽

Work Effort ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Effect of kinesio taping on explosive muscle power of gluteus maximus of male athletes

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2012/v24i3a764 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K Mostert-Wentzel

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Gluteus Maximus ◽

Kinesio Tape ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Metabolic Conditions ◽

Group B ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective. To determine the short-term effect of kinesio tape on the explosive gluteus maximus power of male athletes, comparing a recommended application pattern with a placebo. Methods. Sixty healthy university male athletes participated in this double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Those athletes with musculoskeletal injury 6 weeks prior to screening, serious medical condition(s) in the previous 6 months, or metabolic conditions affecting joint integrity were not selected. A different investigator from the one who administered the intervention randomly allocated participants to groups. Allocation was concealed. Group A (n=30) received a recommended Y-strip kinesio tape application and group B (n=30) a neutral placebo application. Height displacement during a counter-movement jump was measured with a reliable Vertec apparatus. Measurements were recorded at baseline, immediately after strapping and 30 minutes later. Participants and raters were blinded to group assignment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance for repeated measures were used to determine the effect of time and group on the measurements. Post hoc analysis was done using the Tukey’s method. Results. Time (before, immediately after and 30 minutes after taping) had a significant effect on the measurements. All the measurements after intervention (either immediately or 30 minutes after) had significant differences compared with baseline (95% CI [0.59, 2.29] and [1.50, 3.2] respectively.) Conclusion. The recommended application type of taping with kinesio tape was equally effective in significantly improving the explosive power of the gluteus maximus in male athletes immediately after and 30 minutes after taping in both groups.

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