Racial/ethnic inequities in the associations of allostatic load with all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality risk in U.S. adults

Nut consumption is associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk and most of the survival benefits may be achieved at a relative low level of nut consumption (about 12 g d−1).

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Self-reported health and adult mortality risk: An analysis of cause-specific mortality

Social Science & Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.01.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1297-1306 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Maureen Reindl Benjamins ◽

Robert A Hummer ◽

Isaac W Eberstein ◽

Charles B Nam

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Reported Health

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Using Allostatic Load to Validate Self-rated Health for Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

Biodemography and Social Biology ◽

10.1080/19485565.2018.1429891 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexis R. Santos-Lozada ◽

Jeffrey T. Howard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

The United States ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Racial Ethnic

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THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN CIVILIAN AVIATION PILOTS’ MORTALITY

10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-82-86 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

I.V. Bukhtiyarov ◽

◽

E.V. Zibarev ◽

K.V. Betts

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Russian Population ◽

Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Aviation Pilots

Abstract. Introduction. The work of civilian aviation pilots is characterized by heavy psychological and emotional stress in combination with other occupational factors. Such complex of adverse working conditions appears to be a risk for functional and somatic disorders, which may subsequently be reflected in the causes and rates of mortality in the distant period. The aim of this work is to study the mortality of retired civilian aviation pilots. Methods. A prospective cohort epidemiological study of civilian aviation pilots’ mortality. The cohort included 4513 male civilian aviation pilots of Russia who completed their employment and received employment pension. The follow-up period was 10 years (01.01.2010-31.12.2019), with 22156.9 person-years obtained. The age-specific mortality rates were calculated for 5-year age groups, the mortality risk was assessed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The comparison group was the male Russian population. Results. As of 31.12.2019, out of 4513 civilian aviation pilots, 150 people deceased (3.3%). The age-specific mortality rates in the retired pilots’ cohort were lower in all age groups compared to the male Russian population, except for the 35-39 age group. The all-cause mortality risk for civilian aviation pilots was significantly lower compared to the male Russian population, SMR=0.31 (95%CL 0.26-0.36). Conclusion. Further research is required to determine the long-term effects of working conditions on civilian aviation pilots’ health. The follow-up period for the pilots’ cohort should be increases to 20 years and more.

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Allostatic Load Indices With Cholesterol and Triglycerides Predict Disease and Mortality Risk in Zoo-Housed Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Biomarker Insights ◽

10.1177/1177271920914585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 117727192091458

Author(s):

Ashley N Edes ◽

Katie L Edwards ◽

Barbara A Wolfe ◽

Janine L Brown ◽

Douglas E Crews

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Cardiac Disease ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Physiological Dysregulation ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Western Lowland Gorillas ◽

Load Indices ◽

Best Fit ◽

Lowland Gorillas

Allostatic load, or the physiological dysregulation accumulated due to senescence and stress, is an established predictor of human morbidity and mortality and has been proposed as a tool for monitoring health and welfare in captive wildlife. It is estimated by combining biomarkers from multiple somatic systems into allostatic load indices (ALIs), providing a score representing overall physiological dysregulation. Such ALIs have been shown to predict disease and mortality risk in western lowland gorillas. In these prior analyses, we were unable to include lipid markers, a potential limitation as they are key biomarkers in human models. Recently, we were able to assay serum cholesterol and triglycerides and add them to our previous ALI. We then re-examined associations with health outcomes using binomial generalized linear models. We constructed ALIs using 2 pooling strategies and 2 methods. By itself, a 1-unit increase in allostatic load was associated with higher odds of all-cause morbidity and mortality, but results were mixed for cardiac disease. However, the best fit models for all-cause morbidity and cardiac disease included only age and sex. Allostatic load was retained alongside age in the best fit models for mortality, with a 1-unit increase associated with 23% to 45% higher odds of death. Compared with previous results, ALIs containing cholesterol and triglycerides better predict disease risk in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas, as evidenced by larger effect sizes for some models and better goodness of fit for all ALIs. Based on these results, we address methodology for future allostatic load research on wildlife.

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Grandparenting and Mortality: How Does Race-Ethnicity Matter?

Journal of Health and Social Behavior ◽

10.1177/0022146520903282 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 96-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seung-won Emily Choi

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Intergenerational Relationships ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Multigenerational Household ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Retirement Study

Little is known about whether and how intergenerational relationships influence older adult mortality. This study examines the association between caring for grandchildren (i.e., grandparenting) and mortality and how the link differs by race-ethnicity. Drawing from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014, N = 13,705), I found different racial-ethnic patterns in the effects of grandparenting on mortality risk. White grandparents who provide intensive noncoresident grandparenting (i.e., over 500 hours of babysitting per two years) and multigenerational household grandparenting have a lower risk of mortality compared to noncaregiving grandparents. In contrast, black grandparents have a higher mortality risk than their noncaregiving counterparts when providing intensive noncoresident, multigenerational household, and skipped-generation household (i.e., grandparent-headed family) grandparenting. Caregiving Hispanic grandparents are not significantly different from their noncaregiving counterparts in mortality risk. These findings suggest that important variations in social and cultural contexts for racial-ethnic groups shape the consequences of grandparenting for older adult mortality.

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Association of Antioxidants Use with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Study of the UK Biobank

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9121287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1287

Author(s):

Inken Behrendt ◽

Gerrit Eichner ◽

Mathias Fasshauer

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Cancer Subtypes ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

Prospective studies and randomized controlled trials elucidating the impact of antioxidants supplementation on mortality risk are inconclusive. The present analysis determined association between regular antioxidants use and all-cause (primary objective), as well as cause-specific, mortality in 345,626 participants of the UK Biobank cohort using Cox proportional hazard models. All models were adjusted for confounders and multiple testing. Antioxidants users were defined as participants who indicated to regularly use at least one of the following: multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc. Median age of antioxidants users (n = 101,159) and non-users (n = 244,467) at baseline was 57 years. During 3.9 million person-years and a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 19,491 deaths occurred. Antioxidants use was not significantly associated with all-cause, cancer, and non-cancer mortality including several cancer and non-cancer subtypes. Interestingly, mortality risk from respiratory disease was significantly 21% lower among antioxidants users as compared to non-users (hazard ratio: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.67, 0.92). In conclusion, the present study findings do not support recommendations for antioxidants supplementation to prevent all-cause, cancer, or non-cancer mortality on a population level. The significant inverse association between antioxidants use and respiratory disease mortality needs further study.

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A Systematic Review of Etiological Risk Factors Associated With Early Mortality Among National Football League Players

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967118813312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 232596711881331 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arthur H. Owora ◽

Brittany L. Kmush ◽

Bhavneet Walia ◽

Shane Sanders

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

National Football League ◽

The United States ◽

Early Mortality ◽

Male Population ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Specific Mortality

Background: Multiple risks predispose professional football players to adverse health outcomes and, in extreme cases, early death; however, our understanding of etiological risk factors related to early mortality is limited. Purpose: To identify etiological risk factors associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among National Football League (NFL) players. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Articles examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors among previous NFL players were identified by systematically searching: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2017. Study eligibility and quality were evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: A total of 801 nonduplicated studies were identified through our search strategy. Of these, 9 studies examining 11 different risk factors were included in the systematic review. Overall, the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was lower among NFL players than among the general male population in the United States. Nonwhite athletes, those in power positions, and those with a high playing-time body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) were associated with elevated all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks. Conclusion: Methodological issues associated with the examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors preclude a definitive conclusion of etiological protective or risk effects. Comparison groups less prone to selection bias (“healthy worker effect”) and a life-course approach to the evaluation of suspected risk factors are warranted to identify etiological factors associated with early mortality among NFL players.

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