scholarly journals Improving measles vaccine uptake rates in Nigeria: An RCT evaluating the impact of incentive sizes and reminder calls on vaccine uptake

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0233149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Brownstone ◽  
Alison Connor ◽  
Daniel Stein
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of educational methods on influenza vaccine uptake and patient knowledge and attitudes: a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Hu ◽  
YL Koh ◽  
SHJ Tay ◽  
XB Chan ◽  
SMS Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Vaccination Uptake ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Actual Vaccine

Introduction: Although influenza vaccination reduces rates of pneumonia, hospitalisation and mortality, influenza vaccination uptake remains low in older patients. The primary aim was to compare individualised counselling with educational pamphlets alone in improving influenza vaccination uptake. The secondary aims were to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination and factors influencing uptake. Methods: A randomised controlled study was conducted in two government polyclinics with 160 participants per arm. Patients aged 65 years and above attending for doctor consultation were recruited. All participants received an educational pamphlet on influenza vaccination. The intervention group received additional face-to-face counselling. Participants filled a pre- and postintervention questionnaire assessing knowledge of influenza and attitudes towards the vaccine. Follow-up calls and verification of electronic records was done at three months to determine actual vaccine uptake. Results: At three months, 16 (10%) patients in the intervention group and 20 (12.5%) patients in the control group had completed influenza vaccination (p = 0.48). Factors positively associated with vaccine uptake were willingness to receive vaccination immediately after intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.42–33.38), and male gender (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.23–7.12). Individualised counselling was more effective in improving knowledge (p < 0.01). Overall knowledge scores did not influence actual vaccine uptake rates. (adjusted OR 1.10 [0.90–1.3]). Conclusion: Both arms of patient education increased uptake of influenza vaccination. Individualised counselling was not superior to pamphlets alone in improving uptake. Performing vaccination at the initial point of contact improves actual uptake rates.

Online misinformation is linked to COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and refusal (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pierri ◽  
Brea Perry ◽  
Matthew DeVerna ◽  
Kai-Cheng Yang ◽  
Alessandro Flammini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Widespread uptake of vaccines is necessary to achieve herd immunity. However, uptake rates varied across U.S. states during the first six months of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Online misinformation may play an important role in vaccine hesitancy, and there is a need to comprehensively quantify the impact of misinformation on beliefs, behaviors, and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This work investigates the extent to which COVID-19 vaccination rates and vaccine hesitancy are associated with levels of online misinformation about vaccines across geographical regions. We also look for evidence of directionality from online misinformation to vaccine hesitancy. METHODS Vaccine uptake recordings were taken from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data over the week of March 19 to 25, 2021. Vaccine hesitancy data and misinformation data were taken over the period, Jan 4th to March 25th, 2021. We leverage over 22 M individual responses to surveys administered on Facebook to assess vaccine hesitancy rates, and we identify online misinformation by focusing on low-credibility sources shared on Twitter by over 1.67M users geolocated within U.S. regions. Statistical analysis was done using multivariate regression models adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic and political confounding factors. RESULTS We find a negative relationship between misinformation and vaccination uptake rates. Online misinformation is also correlated with vaccine hesitancy rates taken from survey data. Associations between vaccine outcomes and misinformation remain significant when accounting for political as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors. While vaccine hesitancy is strongly associated with Republican vote share, we observe that the effect of online misinformation on hesitancy is strongest across Democratic rather than Republican counties. Granger causality analysis shows evidence for a directional relationship from online misinformation to vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that there are geographically located hotspots of vaccine refusal which are associated with online misinformation and unexplained by other factors. Our results support a need for interventions that address online misinformation, allowing individuals to make better-informed health decisions. COVID-19 | Facebook | misinformation | Twitter | vaccine hesitancy | vaccines

Improving vaccine uptake: a new uptake reporting tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697205
Author(s):  
Elise Tessier ◽  
Richard Pebody ◽  
Nicki Boddington ◽  
Michael Edelstein ◽  
Joanne White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Reporting Tool ◽  
Uptake Data ◽  
Near Future

BackgroundVaccine uptake data is automatically extracted from all GP practices in England via the web-based reporting system, ImmForm, on behalf of Public Health England. In 2016/17, an Uptake Summary Tool was introduced on ImmForm for practice managers, clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) and screening and immunisation teams (SCRIMMS) to help facilitate local and regional management of the influenza programme. The tool allows practices to view and evaluate influenza uptake rates by target cohorts, comparing them against the previous season and CCG average/overall national uptake each week.AimTo assess how many practices use the Uptake Summary Tool and whether there is a difference in vaccine uptake among practices that use the tool compared with those that don’t during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 influenza seasons.MethodPractice level use of the Uptake Summary Tool was examined for the 2016/17 influenza season and vaccine uptake compared between practices that used the tool and those that did not.ResultsAn average of 1272 practices used the tool each week during the 2016/17. Vaccine uptake was on average 2.9% greater for targeted cohorts in practices that used the tool than practices that did not during the 2016/17 season.ConclusionWhen used on a regular basis the Uptake Summary Tool can help GP practices, CCGs and SCRIMMS monitor vaccine and may be associated with increased vaccine uptake. Uptake for the 2017/18 season will be monitored and assessed throughout the current season. We aim to expand the tool to other vaccine collections in the near future.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer and the human papilloma virus: causative association, role of vaccines, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Morka ◽  
Joseph M. Norris ◽  
Mark Emberton ◽  
Daniel Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hpv Vaccine Uptake

AbstractProstate cancer affects a significant proportion of men worldwide. Evidence from genetic and clinical studies suggests that there may be a causal association between prostate cancer and the human papilloma virus (HPV). As HPV is a vaccine-preventable pathogen, the possibility of a role in prostate cancer causation may reinforce the importance of effective HPV vaccination campaigns. This is of particular relevance in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have considerable effects on HPV vaccine uptake and distribution.

Short-term effects of carbon source on the competition of polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oehmen ◽  
Z. Yuan ◽  
L.L. Blackall ◽  
J. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Effects

The effectiveness of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems is directly affected by the competition of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). This study investigated the short-term effects of carbon source on PAO and GAO performance. The tests were designed to clearly determine the impact of volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition on the performance of two types of biomass, one enriched for PAOs and the other for GAOs. The two populations were enriched in separate reactors using identical operating conditions and very similar influent compositions with acetate as the sole carbon source. The only difference was that a very low level of phosphorus was present in the influent to the GAO reactor. The abundance of PAOs and GAOs was quantified using fluorescence in-situ hybridisation. The results clearly show that there are some very distinctive differences between PAOs and GAOs in their ability to utilise different carbon substrates. While both are able to take up acetate rapidly and completely, the GAOs are far slower at consuming propionate than the PAOs during short-term substrate changes. This provides a potentially highly valuable avenue to influence the competition between PAOs and GAOs. Other VFAs studied seem to be less usable in the short term by both PAOs and GAOs, as indicated by their much lower uptake rates.

scholarly journals Impact of vertical and horizontal advection on nutrient distribution in the southeast Pacific

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bàrbara Barceló-Llull ◽  
Evan Mason ◽  
Arthur Capet ◽  
Ananda Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Lagrangian Particle ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Omega Equation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Distributions

Abstract. An innovative approach is used to analyze the impact of vertical velocities associated with quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics on the redistribution and uptake of nitrate in the southeast Pacific (SEP). A total of 12 years of vertical and horizontal currents are derived from an observation-based estimate of the ocean state. Horizontal velocities are obtained through the application of thermal wind balance to weekly temperature and salinity fields. Vertical velocities are estimated by integration of the QG omega equation. Seasonal variability of the synthetic vertical velocity and kinetic energy associated with the horizontal currents is coincident, with peaks in austral summer (November–December) in accord with published observations. The impact of vertical velocity on SEP nitrate uptake rates is assessed by using two Lagrangian particle tracking experiments that differ according to vertical forcing (ω = ωQG vs. ω = 0). From identical initial distributions of nitrate-tagged particles, the Lagrangian results show that vertical motions induce local increases in nitrate uptake reaching up to 30 %. Such increases occur in low uptake regions with high mesoscale activity. Despite being weaker than horizontal currents by a factor of up to 10−4, vertical velocity associated with mesoscale activity is demonstrated to make an important contribution to nitrate uptake, hence productivity, in low uptake regions.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccine Uptake and Associated Factors in Aged Care Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s140-s140
Author(s):  
Mohana Kunasekaran ◽  
Mallory Trent ◽  
Elisa Lai ◽  
HaoYi Tan ◽  
Abrar Chughtai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:Influenza vaccine is recommended for high-risk populations in Australia (including those aged over 65 years) but is less effective in the elderly due to a progressive and predictable age-related decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence. Aged care facilities (ACF) are known to be at high risk of explosive outbreaks of influenza (even in highly vaccinated populations) and may reflect a higher intensity of transmission within the closed setting of ACF, as well as lower immunity and immunosenescence in the frail elderly.Methods:To measure the impact of influenza in aged-care staff (ACS) and residents as well as vaccine effectiveness, a prospective observational epidemiological study was conducted in collaboration with an aged-care provider with multiple sites from March to October 2018. Weekly active surveillance on influenza-like symptoms and questionnaires were used to collect data on two groups: ACS and residents. A range of variables was examined against their 2018 influenza vaccination status in statistical analysis.Results:Vaccination rates were high in residents and consistent with other studies. Vaccine rates in aged-care staff were lower and consistent with other studies.Discussion:Residents and relatives are unlikely to change their minds about vaccination from year to year unless there is targeted effort to persuade them to so, and negative perception of the vaccine is likely to persist. Workplace influenza vaccination programs targeted at staff could be an effective method of raising vaccine uptake.

Introduction to pertussis transmission and epidemiological dynamics

Pertussis ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
Pejman Rohani ◽  
Samuel V. Scarpino
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pertussis Epidemiology

Resolving the long-term, population-level consequences of changes in pertussis epidemiology, arising from bacterial evolution, shifts in vaccine-induced immunity, or changes in surveillance, are key challenges for devising effective control strategies. This chapter reviews some of the key features of pertussis epidemiology, together with the underlying epidemiological principles that set the context for their interpretation. These include the relationship between the age distribution of cases and pertussis transmission potential, the impact of vaccine uptake on incidence, periodicity and age incidence, as well as spatially explicit recurrent pertussis epidemics and associated extinction frequency. This review highlights some of the predictable and consistent aspects of pertussis epidemiology (e.g. the systematic increase in the inter-epidemic period with the introduction of whole-cell vaccines) and a number of important heterogeneities, including variations in contemporary patterns of incidence and geographic spread.

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