scholarly journals A large-scale experiment on New Year’s resolutions: Approach-oriented goals are more successful than avoidance-oriented goals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0234097
Author(s):  
Martin Oscarsson ◽  
Per Carlbring ◽  
Gerhard Andersson ◽  
Alexander Rozental
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
One Year

Despite the popularity of New Year’s resolutions, current knowledge about them is limited. We investigated what resolutions people make when they are free to formulate them, whether different resolutions reach differing success rates, and whether it is possible to increase the likelihood of a resolution’s success by administering information and exercises on effective goal setting. Participants (N = 1066) from the general public were randomized into three groups: active control, some support, and extended support. The most popular resolutions regarded physical health, weight loss, and eating habits. At a one-year follow-up, 55% of responders considered themselves successful in sustaining their resolutions. Participants with approach-oriented goals were significantly more successful than those with avoidance-oriented goals (58.9% vs. 47.1%). The group that received some support was exclusively and significantly more successful compared to the other two. This study reveals that New Year’s resolutions can have lasting effects, even at a one-year follow-up.

scholarly journals One-year outcomes of microhook trabeculotomy versus suture trabeculotomy ab interno

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yokoyama ◽  
Masashi Takata ◽  
Fumi Gomi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ab Interno

Abstract Purpose To compare clinical success rates and reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP-lowering medication use following suture trabeculotomy ab interno (S group) or microhook trabeculotomy (μ group). Methods This retrospective review collected data from S (n = 104, 122 eyes) and μ (n = 42, 47 eyes) groups who underwent treatment between June 1, 2016, and October 31, 2019, and had 12-month follow-up data including IOP, glaucoma medications, complications, and additional IOP-lowering procedures. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate treatment success rates defined as normal IOP (> 5 to ≤ 18 mm Hg), ≥ 20% reduction of IOP from baseline at two consecutive visits, and no further glaucoma surgery. Results Schlemm’s canal opening was longer in the S group than in the μ group (P < 0.0001). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of all eyes showed cumulative clinical success rates in S and µ groups were 71.1% and 61.7% (P = 0.230). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of eyes with preoperative IOP ≥ 21 mmHg showed cumulative clinical success rates in S and μ groups were 80.4% and 60.0% (P = 0.0192). There were no significant differences in postoperative IOP at 1, 3, and 6 months (S group, 14.9 ± 5.6, 14.6 ± 4.5, 14.6 ± 3.9 mmHg; μ group, 15.8 ± 5.9, 15.2 ± 4.4, 14.7 ± 3.7 mmHg; P = 0.364, 0.443, 0.823), but postoperative IOP was significantly lower in the S group at 12 months (S group, 14.1 ± 3.1 mmHg; μ group, 15.6 ± 4.1 mmHg; P = 0.0361). There were no significant differences in postoperative numbers of glaucoma medications at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (S group, 1.8 ± 1.6, 1.8 ± 1.5, 2.0 ± 1.6, 1.8 ± 1.5; μ group, 2.0 ± 1.6, 2.0 ± 1.6, 2.1 ± 1.6, 2.2 ± 1.7; P = 0.699, 0.420, 0.737, 0.198). Conclusion S and µ group eyes achieved IOP reduction, but μ group eyes had lower clinical success rates among patients with high preoperative IOP at 12 months.

The effect of displacement of the esophagus by transoesophageal echocardiography probe in cryoablation of atiral fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sun ◽  
X.M Yin ◽  
L.J Gao ◽  
X.J Xiao ◽  
X.H Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Esophageal Injury ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Mechanical Displacement ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Esophageal injury caused by cryoballoon-based PVI is common. Cryoablation guided by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for occlusion of the pulmonary vein (PV) is safe and effective. Objective To investigate the protective effect of mechanical displacement of the esophagus by TEE probe in cryoablation of atiral fibrillation. Methods Fifty patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) were enrolled in the present study. 25 patients underwent cryoablation without TEE (non-TEE group) and the other 25 underwent with TEE (TEE group) for PV occlusion guidance and displacement of the esophagus. In the TEE group during the procedure, TEE was used to guide the movement of the balloon to achieve PV occlusion. And before freezing, the probe of the TEE was moved to displace the esophagus away from the PV being freezed in order to reduce the risk of cryoinjury. All patients underwent esophagogastroscopy within 2 days of the procedure. The patients were followed up in our center at regularly scheduled visits every 2 months. Results There was no significant difference between the TEE group and non-TEE group in regard to the procedure time. The fluoroscopy time in the TEE group was less compared to the non-TEE group (4.1±3.3 min vs. 16.6±6.9 min, P&lt;0.05), and the amount of contrast agent in the TEE group was less than the non-TEE group (4.7±5.7ml vs. 17.9±3.4 ml, P&lt;0.05). The incidence of esophageal injury was significantly lower in TEE group compared with non-TEE group (0 vs. 20%, P&lt;0.05). At a mean of 14.0 months follow-up, success rates were similar between the TEE group and non-TEE group (80.0% vs. 84.0%, P=0.80). Conclusion Cryoablation of AF with TEE for protecting the esophagus from cryoinjury is safe and effective. Lower risk of esophageal injury can be achieved with the help of TEE probe movement for mechanical displacement of the esophagus during freezing. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Preferred versus Nonpreferred Treatment, and Self-Control Training versus Determination Raising as Treatments of Obesity: A Pilot Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Overweight Women

Of 12 overweight women half received 10 wk. of self-control training and the rest received an equal period aimed at increasing determination to lose weight. Half of each treatment group had expressed a preference for the type of treatment they received and half for the other type of treatment. Both groups lost a statistically significant amount of weight, and at a 3-mo. follow-up there was still a significant weight loss. Follow-up at 6 mo. on 9 of the 12 original subjects indicated both groups regained much of their lost weight. There was no evidence that either type of treatment or receiving one's preferred type of treatment was related to weight loss.

THE EFFECTS OF LOW-CARBOHYDRATE VERSUS LOW-FAT DIETS IN OBESE/OVERWEIGHT ADULTS: ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Maitri Hathi ◽  
Sudesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Aprevious paper reported the six month comparison of weight loss in overweight and/or obese adults randomly assigned to either a VLCK-diet or LF-diet. To review the one year outcomes between these diets 1year follow-up of a randomized trial on 113 overweight/obese adults with a BMI>25 kg/m2; with no abnormalities were randomly selected. Participants who selected VLCK diet received counseling to restrict carbohydrate intake to <30 gram per day and those who selected LF diet received counseling to restrict caloric intake by 500 calories per day with <30% of calories from fat. Changes in weight, Body Mass Index, Body Fat, and Waist Circumference were measured at intervals of rst, third, sixth and twelfth month of participants who completed the one-year follow-up. Participants on the very-low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight loss than participants on the conventional low-fat diet at 3months, 6month and but the difference at 12months were signicant. Study conclude that participants on a VLCK-diet had more favorable overall outcomes at 1year than did those on a conventional LF-diet. Weight loss was similar between groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Surgically Induced Weight Loss on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function: One-year Follow-up*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelene E. Maser ◽  
M. James Lenhard ◽  
Isaias Irgau ◽  
Gail M. Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Autonomic Function ◽  
One Year ◽  
Surgically Induced

scholarly journals A Conservative Approach to a Peripheral Ameloblastoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Borrello ◽  
Elia Bettio ◽  
Christian Bacci ◽  
Marialuisa Valente ◽  
Stefano Sivolella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
One Year

Peripheral Ameloblastoma (PA) is the rarest variant of ameloblastoma. It differs from the other subtypes of ameloblastoma in its localization: it arises in the soft tissues of the oral cavity coating the tooth bearing bones. Generally, it manifests nonaggressive behavior and it can be treated with complete removal by local conservative excision. In this study we report a case of PA of the maxilla in a 78-year-old female patient and we describe the four different histopathological patterns revealed by histological examination. After local excision and diagnosis, we planned a long term follow-up: in one year no recurrence had been reported. The choice of treatment is illustrated in Discussion.

482Direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban in very old and frail patients: A one-year prospective follow-up of a large-scale cohort (SAFIR-AC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Hanon ◽  
J Vidal ◽  
E Chaussade ◽  
J P David ◽  
N Boulloche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Very Old ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background/Introduction Age is one of the strongest predictors/risk factors for ischemic stroke in subjects with atrial fibrillation (AF). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to be effective in the prevention of this condition; however, clinical evidence on bleeding risk with this therapeutic strategy in very old and frail geriatric patients is poor. Purpose To assess bleeding risk in French geriatric patients aged ≥80 years and diagnosed with AF newly treated with rivaroxaban. Methods Subjects, presenting to one of 33 geriatric centers, with non-valvular AF and recent initiation of a treatment with rivaroxaban were enrolled in the study and followed-up every 3 months for 12 months. Clinical and routine laboratory data and evaluation scores, such as HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, ATRIA, and CHA2DS2-VASc, as well as comprehensive geriatric evaluation were reported. Major bleeding, as defined in ROCKET AF study, was reported at each visit, and this primary outcome was adjudicated by an independent committee. Results of this cohort were compared with findings from a similar cohort treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) from the same centers (n=924). Results A total of 1045 subjects were enrolled in the study of whom 995 (95%) had a one-year follow-up (analyzed population). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age was 86.0 (4.3) years, with the majority of patients being female (61%), 23% aged 90 years or older, and 48% having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <50 mL/min. The main comorbidities were hypertension in 77% of subjects, malnutrition 49%, anemia 43%, dementia 39%, heart failure 36%, and falls 27%. The mean (SD) score for CHA2DS2-VASc was 4.8 (1.4), HAS-BLED 2.4 (0.9), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 21.5 (6.9), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 4.4 (1.9), and Charlson Comorbidity Index 6.7 (2.0). The one-year rate of major bleeding events was 6.4% of which 0.8% were fatal and 1.1% intracranial hemorrhages (ICH), whereas the one-year rate of ischemic stroke was 1.4% and all-cause mortality 17.9%. Computed with VKA cohort findings and adjusted for age, gender, eGFR and Charlson score, this would result in a hazard ratio of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to 0.78) for major bleeding, 0.36 (0.17 to 0.76) for ICH, 0.62 (0.29 to 1.33) for ischemic stroke, and 0.82 (0.65 to 1.02) for all-cause mortality, in favor of rivaroxaban. Conclusions This is the first large-scale prospective study in geriatric population in AF subjects treated with DOAC (rivaroxaban) Major bleeding risk appeared higher in very old than younger population, however major bleeding and ICH rates were significantly lower with rivaroxaban than with VKAs when used in the same geriatric population. This study indicates that Rivaroxaban can be used in very old and frail patients for the treatment of non-valvular AF. Acknowledgement/Funding Unrestricted grant from Bayer

scholarly journals Variables Associated with Short-Term Weight Loss in a Cohort of Patients with Morbid Obesity According to Age and Three Types of Bariatric Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3537
Author(s):  
Maria D. Alvarez-Bermudez ◽  
Flores Martin-Reyes ◽  
Luis Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Francisco J. Moreno-Ruiz ◽  
Juan Alcaide Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
One Year

Background The percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL) after bariatric surgery (BS) shows great discrepancies from one individual to another. Objective To evaluate the %EWL one year after BS and to determine the existence of baseline biomarkers associated with weight loss. Methods We studied 329 patients with morbid obesity undergoing three types of BS (biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)), depending on the %EWL one year after surgery: good responders (GR) (%EWL ≥ 50%) and non-responders (NR) (%EWL < 50%). Results The GR presented a higher percentage of change in anthropometric and biochemical variables compared to the NR group, even within each type of BS. There was a greater percentage of GR among those who underwent RYGB. The patients who underwent SG showed the lowest decrease in biochemical variables, both in GR and NR. Within the GR group, those with a lower age showed greater improvement compared to the other age groups. A %EWL ≥50% was negatively associated with the age and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and positively with the type of BS (RYGB). Conclusions The GR group was associated with lower age and AIP and undergoing RYGB. Additionally, those patients who underwent SG showed a lower metabolic improvement.

scholarly journals Tracking Logical Difference in Large-Scale Ontologies: A Forgetting-Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 3116-3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizheng Zhao ◽  
Ghadah Alghamdi ◽  
Renate A. Schmidt ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Giorgos Stoilos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Uniform Interpolation

This paper explores how the logical difference between two ontologies can be tracked using a forgetting-based or uniform interpolation (UI)-based approach. The idea is that rather than computing all entailments of one ontology not entailed by the other ontology, which would be computationally infeasible, only the strongest entailments not entailed in the other ontology are computed. To overcome drawbacks of existing forgetting/uniform interpolation tools we introduce a new forgetting method designed for the task of computing the logical difference between different versions of large-scale ontologies. The method is sound and terminating, and can compute uniform interpolants for ALC-ontologies as large as SNOMED CT and NCIt. Our evaluation shows that the method can achieve considerably better success rates (>90%) and provides a feasible approach to computing the logical difference in large-scale ontologies, as a case study on different versions of SNOMED CT and NCIt ontologies shows.

Does Teacher Training Actually Work? Evidence from a Large-Scale Randomized Evaluation of a National Teacher Training Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Loyalka ◽  
Anna Popova ◽  
Guirong Li ◽  
Zhaolei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Teacher Professional Development ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
One Year ◽  
To Receive

Despite massive investments in teacher professional development (PD) programs in developing countries, there is little evidence on their effectiveness. We present results of a large-scale, randomized evaluation of a national PD program in China in which teachers were randomized to receive PD; PD plus follow-up; PD plus evaluation of the command of PD content; or no PD. Precise estimates indicate PD and associated interventions failed to improve teacher and student outcomes after one year. A detailed analysis of the causal chain shows teachers find PD content to be overly theoretical, and PD delivery too rote and passive, to be useful. (JEL I21, I28, J24, J45, O15, P36)

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