scholarly journals Tracking Logical Difference in Large-Scale Ontologies: A Forgetting-Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 3116-3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizheng Zhao ◽  
Ghadah Alghamdi ◽  
Renate A. Schmidt ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Giorgos Stoilos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Uniform Interpolation

This paper explores how the logical difference between two ontologies can be tracked using a forgetting-based or uniform interpolation (UI)-based approach. The idea is that rather than computing all entailments of one ontology not entailed by the other ontology, which would be computationally infeasible, only the strongest entailments not entailed in the other ontology are computed. To overcome drawbacks of existing forgetting/uniform interpolation tools we introduce a new forgetting method designed for the task of computing the logical difference between different versions of large-scale ontologies. The method is sound and terminating, and can compute uniform interpolants for ALC-ontologies as large as SNOMED CT and NCIt. Our evaluation shows that the method can achieve considerably better success rates (>90%) and provides a feasible approach to computing the logical difference in large-scale ontologies, as a case study on different versions of SNOMED CT and NCIt ontologies shows.

The Case Study on Optimization of Large Scale Heating and Cooling Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 611-615
Author(s):  
Lan Bin Liu ◽  
Ai Juan Zou ◽  
Jia Jun Liao ◽  
Yu Fei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Load ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Return Water ◽  
Load Center

This paper discussed the optimization of two cases of large scale heating and cooling system. One is the heating/cooling system with heating/cooling source with distance from load center, the other is the heating/cooling system with heating/cooling source located in the load center. The affect of the temperature difference between supply and return water, load density and the price of energy towards optimized radius and max radius was discussed using the existed model. The optimized radius and appropriate system parameters are got. It is a reference to the designers and operators related.

Comparison of consumer-based methodologies for optimizing the development of new products: A case study with probiotic chocolate flavored milk

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322097380
Author(s):  
Denize Oliveira ◽  
Rosires Deliza
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Products ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
New Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Projective Mapping ◽  
Practical Applications

Several studies have reported that most new products do not achieve satisfactory results when launched on the market. There is a need to increase the efficiency of the methodologies used in the development of new products to increase success rates. Rapid sensory methodologies named Polarized Sensory Positioning (PSP), Check-all-that-apply (CATA), Projective mapping (PM) or Napping were applied to obtain sensory and hedonic information of a new product, probiotic-added chocolate flavored milk, aiming at determining preference guides that can be used to obtain a high overall liking level. It was possible to develop a probiotic chocolate flavored milk with general positive overall liking. The preferred sample was formulated with high content of sugar and chocolate, concluding that these characteristics are preference guides. The results supplied by the consumers using different methodologies were consistent, although the methodologies differed in their ability for sample differentiation. CATA methodology allowed better discrimination between samples than the other methodologies, followed by Projective Mapping, PSP with scales and triadic PSP. We could confirm that those rapid methodologies of sensory characterization are efficient when applied to product development. Practical applications  Using those methodologies, it was possible to develop a probiotic chocolate flavored milk that meets both, consumer’s expectations in relation to nutrition and taste and functionality. The methodologies proved to be efficient in characterizing consumer preference guides, and therefore fundamental to the development of a product with higher overall liking.

scholarly journals The way to analyse ‘way’: A case study in word-specific local grammar

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hanks ◽  
Sara Može
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Local Grammar ◽  
Made In

Abstract Traditionally, dictionaries are meaning-driven—that is, they list different senses (or supposed senses) of each word, but do not say much about the phraseology that distinguishes one sense from another. Grammars, on the other hand, are structure-driven: they attempt to describe all possible structures of a language, but say little about meaning, phraseology, or collocation. In both disciplines during the 20th century, the practice of inventing evidence rather than discovering it led to intermittent and unpredictable distortions of fact. Since 1987, attempts have been made in both lexicography (Cobuild) and syntactic theory (pattern grammar, construction grammar) to integrate meaning and phraseology. Corpora now provide empirical evidence on a large scale for lexicosyntactic description, but there is still a long way to go. Many cherished beliefs must be abandoned before a synthesis between empirical lexical analysis and grammatical theory can be achieved. In this paper, by empirical analysis of just one word (the noun way), we show how corpus evidence can be used to tackle the complexities of lexical and constructional meaning, providing new insights into the lexis-grammar interface.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 caronavirus on poverty in Pakistan: a case study of Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Dr. Faiz Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Ali Raza Memon ◽  
Kashaf Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Neighbor Country ◽  
To Come

The current research investigated the COVID-19 is spread vigorously in China, USA, France, Italy, Germany, and European countries and Iran Pakistan being as a neighbor country of china & IranOne was for the incoming Pakistani from various countries, such as Iran, China, Afghanistan, and India. The other was arranged inside various hospitals for COVID-19 positive cases. As hundreds and thousands of Pakistani were in Iran for religious purposes, they were. Most of the students and businessmen, inside China, were not allowed to come back. Handling of large scale influx from Iran was the main problem. Out of the total COVID-19 cases, 78 percent of cases were reported from visitors coming from Iran. Pakistan announced the closure of all schools, colleges & universities with a partial lockdown across the country for major cities.

scholarly journals A large-scale experiment on New Year’s resolutions: Approach-oriented goals are more successful than avoidance-oriented goals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0234097
Author(s):  
Martin Oscarsson ◽  
Per Carlbring ◽  
Gerhard Andersson ◽  
Alexander Rozental
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
One Year

Despite the popularity of New Year’s resolutions, current knowledge about them is limited. We investigated what resolutions people make when they are free to formulate them, whether different resolutions reach differing success rates, and whether it is possible to increase the likelihood of a resolution’s success by administering information and exercises on effective goal setting. Participants (N = 1066) from the general public were randomized into three groups: active control, some support, and extended support. The most popular resolutions regarded physical health, weight loss, and eating habits. At a one-year follow-up, 55% of responders considered themselves successful in sustaining their resolutions. Participants with approach-oriented goals were significantly more successful than those with avoidance-oriented goals (58.9% vs. 47.1%). The group that received some support was exclusively and significantly more successful compared to the other two. This study reveals that New Year’s resolutions can have lasting effects, even at a one-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Methods Dealing with Complexity in Selecting Joint Venture Contractors for Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Liang ◽  
Zhaohan Sheng ◽  
Xiangyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Project Complexity ◽  
Business Dynamics ◽  
Ideal Points

The magnitude of business dynamics has increased rapidly due to increased complexity, uncertainty, and risk of large-scale infrastructure projects. This fact made it increasingly tough to “go alone” into a contractor. As a consequence, joint venture contractors with diverse strengths and weaknesses cooperatively bid for bidding. Understanding project complexity and making decision on the optimal joint venture contractor is challenging. This paper is to study how to select joint venture contractors for undertaking large-scale infrastructure projects based on a multiattribute mathematical model. Two different methods are developed to solve the problem. One is based on ideal points and the other one is based on balanced ideal advantages. Both of the two methods consider individual difference in expert judgment and contractor attributes. A case study of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao-Bridge (HZMB) project in China is used to demonstrate how to apply these two methods and their advantages.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic structure of mammal assemblages at large geographical scales: linking phylogenetic community ecology with macroecology

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1577) ◽  
pp. 2545-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Cardillo
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Ecology

Phylogenetic community ecology seeks to explain the processes involved in the formation of species assemblages by analysing their phylogenetic structure, and to date has focused primarily on local-scale communities. Macroecology, on the other hand, is concerned with the structure of assemblages at large geographical scales, but has remained largely non-phylogenetic. Analysing the phylogenetic structure of large-scale assemblages provides a link between these two research programmes. In this paper, I ask whether we should expect large-scale assemblages to show significant phylogenetic structure, by outlining some of the ecological and macroevolutionary processes that may play a role in assemblage formation. As a case study, I then explore the phylogenetic structure of carnivore assemblages within the terrestrial ecoregions of Africa. Many assemblages at these scales are indeed phylogenetically non-random (either clustered or overdispersed). One interpretation of the observed patterns of phylogenetic structure is that many clades underwent rapid biome-filling radiations, followed by diversification slowdown and competitive sorting as niche space became saturated.

scholarly journals Urban Planning Using a Geospatial Approach: A Case Study of Libya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kalantar ◽  
Husam A.H. Al-najjar ◽  
Hossein Mojaddadi Rizeei ◽  
Maruwan S.A.B. Amazeeq ◽  
Mohammed Oludare Idrees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Large scale developmental projects firstly require the selection of one or more cities to be developed. In Libya, the selection process is done by selected organizations, which is highly influenced by human judgement that can be inconsiderate of socioeconomic and environmental factors. In this study, we propose an automated selection process, which takes into consideration only the important factors for city (cities) selection. Specifically, a geospatial decision-making tool, free of human bias, is proposed based on the fuzzy overlay (FO) and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) techniques for development projects in Libya. In this work, a dataset of 17 evaluation criteria (GIS factors) across five urban conditioning factors were prepared. The dataset served as input to the FO model to calculate weights (importance) for each criterion. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was then trained to refine weights from the FO model. TOPSIS was then applied on the refined results to rank the cities for development. Experimental results indicate promising overall accuracy and kappa statistics. Our findings also show that highest and lowest success rates are 0.94 and 0.79, respectively, while highest and lowest prediction rates are 0.884 and 0.673, respectively.

A Family With Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Halpin ◽  
Barbara Herrmann ◽  
Margaret Whearty
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Language Pathology

The family described in this article provides an unusual opportunity to relate findings from genetic, histological, electrophysiological, psychophysical, and rehabilitative investigation. Although the total number evaluated is large (49), the known, living affected population is smaller (14), and these are spread from age 20 to age 59. As a result, the findings described above are those of a large-scale case study. Clearly, more data will be available through longitudinal study of the individuals documented in the course of this investigation but, given the slow nature of the progression in this disease, such studies will be undertaken after an interval of several years. The general picture presented to the audiologist who must rehabilitate these cases is that of a progressive cochlear degeneration that affects only thresholds at first, and then rapidly diminishes speech intelligibility. The expected result is that, after normal language development, the patient may accept hearing aids well, encouraged by the support of the family. Performance and satisfaction with the hearing aids is good, until the onset of the speech intelligibility loss, at which time the patient will encounter serious difficulties and may reject hearing aids as unhelpful. As the histological and electrophysiological results indicate, however, the eighth nerve remains viable, especially in the younger affected members, and success with cochlear implantation may be expected. Audiologic counseling efforts are aided by the presence of role models and support from the other affected members of the family. Speech-language pathology services were not considered important by the members of this family since their speech production developed normally and has remained very good. Self-correction of speech was supported by hearing aids and cochlear implants (Case 5’s speech production was documented in Perkell, Lane, Svirsky, & Webster, 1992). These patients received genetic counseling and, due to the high penetrance of the disease, exhibited serious concerns regarding future generations and the hope of a cure.

The Boeing 787 Dreamliner--A case study in large-scale design integration

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. McMullin ◽  
A. R. Jacobsen ◽  
D. C. Carvan ◽  
R. J. Gardner ◽  
J. A. Goegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Integration ◽  
Scale Design
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