scholarly journals Population dynamics and species composition of maize field parasitoids attacking aphids in northeastern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0241530
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Min-chi Zhao ◽  
Jia Cheng ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Hai-bin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Parasitism Rates

Maize, Zea mays L., is the most abundant field crop in China. Aphids are the most economically damaging pest on maize, particularly in the maize agri-ecosystems of Jilin Province, northeastern China. Parasitic wasps are important natural enemies of aphids, but limited information exists about their species composition, richness and seasonal dynamics in northeastern China. In this study, the population dynamics of maize aphids and parasitoid wasps were assessed in relation to each other during the summer seasons of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. We selected maize fields in the Changchun, Songyuan, Huinan and Gongzhuling areas of Jilin Province. Four species of aphids were recorded from these maize fields: Rhopalosiphum padi (L), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis gossypii Glover and Macrosiphum miscanthi (Takahashi). The dominant species in each of the four areas were R. maids (Filch) and R. padi in Changchun, R. padi in Songyuan, A. gossypii and R. padi in Huinan, and A.gossypii and R. padi in Gongzhuling. We delineated a species complex made up of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with maize aphids. The primary parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Binodoxys communis and Aphelinus albipodus together formed approximately 85.3% of the parasitoid complex. Pachyneuron aphidis, Phaenoglyphis villosa, Syrphophagus taeniatus and Asaphes suspensus made up the hyperparasitoids. Of the primary parasitoids, L. testaceipes was the dominant species (81.31%). Of the hyperparasitoid group, P. villosa was the dominant species (68.42%). Parasitism rates followed the fluctuation of the aphid population. The highest parasitic rate was observed during the peak period of cotton aphids. In this paper, the occurrence dynamics and dominant species of aphids and the dynamics of parasitic natural enemies of aphids in maize fields in Jilin Province are, for the first time, systematically reported. This study provides important information for the establishment and promotion of aphid biological control in maize fields.

scholarly journals Species composition and dynamics of aphids and parasitoid wasps in maize fields in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Min-chi Zhao ◽  
Jia Cheng ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Hai-bin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Parasitism Rates

AbstractMaize, Zea mays L., is the most abundant field crop in China. Aphids are the most economically damaging pest on maize, particularly in the cotton agri-ecosystems of Jilin Province, northern China. Parasitic wasps are important natural enemies of aphids, but limited information exists about their species composition, richness and seasonal dynamics in northern China. In this study, the population dynamics of maize aphids and parasitoid wasps were assessed in relation to each other during the summer seasons of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. We selected maize fields in the Changchun, Songyuan, Huinan and Gongzhuling areas of Jilin Province. Four species of aphids were recorded from these maize fields: Rhopalosiphum padi (L), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis gossypii Glover and Macrosiphum miscanthi (Takahashi). The dominant species in each of the four areas were R. maids (Filch) and R. padi in Changchun, R. padi in Songyuan, A. gossypii and R. padi in Huinan, and A.gossypii and R. padi in Gongzhuling. We delineated a species complex made up of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with maize aphids. The primary parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Binodoxys communis and Aphelinus albipodus together formed approximately 85.3% of the parasitoid complex. Pachyneuron aphidis, Phaenoglyphis villosa, Syrphophagus taeniatus and Asaphes suspensus made up the hyperparasitoids. Of the primary parasitoids, L. testaceipes was the dominant species (81.31%). Of the hyperparasitoid group, P. villosa was the dominant species (68.42%). Parasitism rates followed the fluctuation of the aphid population. The highest parasitic rate was observed during the peak period of cotton aphids. In this paper, the occurrence dynamics and dominant species of aphids and the dynamics of parasitic natural enemies of aphids in maize fields in Jilin Province are, for the first time, systematically reported. This study provides important information for the establishment and promotion of aphid biological control in maize fields.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Sugarcane Moth Borers in Indonesian Cane Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nader Sallam ◽  
Etik Mar'ati Achadian ◽  
Ari Kristini ◽  
Rob Magarey ◽  
Emily Deomano
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Top Borer ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Sugarcane Moth Borers ◽  
Chilo Auricilius

We conducted monthly monitoring of lepidopterous moth borers in four sugarcane fields in Java, Indonesia, from May 2009 to May 2011. Fields sampled belonged to Pesantren Baru, Jombang Baru, Gondang Baru and Subang sugar factories. Three main moth borer species were found to inflict damage to sugarcane plantations in all regions, and these are the stalk borers Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) and Chilo auricilius Dudgeon and the top borer Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker). Tetramoera (Eucosma) schistaceana (Snellen) was also encountered but only caused minor damage. Borer populations increased with plant age and reached a peak around January – May in most cases, with the onset of rainfall triggering population rise. All borers coexisted in the same plant with no evidence of competition between the two stalk borers (C. sacchariphagus and C. auricilius) over their specific feeding location (internode) or between the two stalk borers and the top borer (S. excerptalis) over the same plant. This suggests that an infestation by one species does not make the plant less desirable to be colonised by another. Parasitism rates by natural enemies were very low which reflects the challenges facing biological control efforts in Java. Knowledge generated through this project will improve our understanding of borer dynamics in South East Asia and will enhance our preparedness for potential introduction by any of these pests into Australia

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PARASITOIDS IN WISCONSIN

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 1055-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Thiboldeaux ◽  
W.D. Hutchison ◽  
D.B. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Exponential Population Growth ◽  
Exponential Population

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), is an important pest of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., in Wisconsin because of its characteristic potential for exponential population growth (Hutchison and Hogg 1984, 1985) and the subsequent damage in both hay quality and quantity inflicted by high populations (Cuperus et al. 1982). In Wisconsin, as in most alfalfa-producing states, there is a vast complex of natural enemies (Hutchison and Hogg 1985) that influence pea aphid population dynamics, including the hymenopteran primary parasitoids from the Aphidiidae. These primary species, however, are also attacked by several secondary parasitoids from the families Megaspilidae, Pteromalidae, and Alloxystidae.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet cats and their owners in northeastern China:an important public health concern

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Tong Li ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Wu-Wen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Background Limited information about Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet cats and their owners is available in China. Methods In this study, blood samples were randomly collected from 306 pet cats and 397 corresponding pet owners in Jilin province, northeastern China. Sera from the pet cats and the pet owners were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies using an modified agglutination test (MAT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Moreover, the risk factors for T. gondii infection in pet cats and corresponding pet owners were explored. Result In total, 62 sera out of 306 examined pet cats (20.3%) and 18.1% (72/397) pet cat owners were seropositive for T. gondii, respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed that both pet cats and their owners from rural area had significantly higher T. gondii seroprevalence than those from urban area (p < 0.001). Moreover, owners of pet cas who have the knowledge of zoonotic protozoan diseases had a significantly lower T. gondii seroprevalence than those without the knowledge of zoonotic protozoan diseases (p < 0.001). Conclusions The present results revealed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection are widespread in pet cats and their owners in Jilin province, northeastern China. Residence area and understanding knowledge of zoonotic protozoan diseases are considered to be raleted to the T. gondii infection. Hence, it is necessary to highlight the dangers and protection methods of zoonotic protozoan diseases caused by pet cats, especially in rural area.

scholarly journals Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Cryptoblabes Gnidiella ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid, Eublemma (Autoba) gayneri (Roth.); the pyralid, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Millière, and the cosmopterigid, Pyroderces simplex Walsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species, Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of the E. gayneri and C. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid, Brachymeria aegyptiaca (Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, and Orius spp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especially P. simplex recorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.

Exploring species composition and population dynamics of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in peanut crops in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Breuil ◽  
A. Giudici ◽  
F. R. La Rossa ◽  
J. Baldessari ◽  
N. Bejerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Species Composition

Distribution, abundance and natural enemies of the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. Kinyanjui ◽  
F. M. Khamis ◽  
F. L. O. Ombura ◽  
E. U. Kenya ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sentinel Plants ◽  
Open Fields

Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become a serious menace to sustainable production of tomato in Kenya. A survey was conducted between April 2015 and June 2016 to determine its distribution, abundance, infestation, and damage levels on tomato, and associated natural enemies. Trap counts of T. absoluta moths were recorded in all surveyed 29 counties, which indicated its nationwide distribution irrespective of altitude. Tuta absoluta was present in both open fields and greenhouses. The highest moth/trap/day was 115.38 ± 15.90. Highest leaf infestation was 92.22% and the highest number of mines and larvae per leaf were 3.71 ± 0.28 and 2.16 ± 0.45, respectively. Trap captures in terms of moth/trap/day were linearly and positively related to leaf infestations in open fields (R2 = 0.81) and greenhouses (R2 = 0.61). Highest fruits’ infestation and damage were 60.00 and 59.61%, respectively, while the highest number of mines per fruit was 7.50 ± 0.50. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) were identified as predators of T. absoluta larvae. Nine species of larval parasitoids were recovered from infested foliage, with a combined parasitism of 7.26 ± 0.65%. Hockeria species was the most dominant (31.25%) and accounted for 12.88 ± 1.47% parasitism. Two species of larval parasitoids, Hockeria and Necremnus were obtained from sentinel plants with an average parasitism of 1.13 ± 0.25. The overall abundance and parasitism rates of recovered natural enemies were low to effectively control the field populations of T. absoluta. These findings form the basis of researching and developing effective and sustainable management strategies for the pest.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the occurrence of fall armyworm parasitoids in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léna Durocher-Granger ◽  
Tibonge Mfune ◽  
Monde Musesha ◽  
Alyssa Lowry ◽  
Kathryn Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Interest In Research

AbstractInvasive alien species have environmental, economic and social impacts, disproportionally threatening livelihood and food security of smallholder farmers in low- and medium-income countries. Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), an invasive insect pest from the Americas, causes considerable losses on maize to smallholder farmers in Africa since 2016. The increased use of pesticides to control FAW in Africa raises concerns for health and environmental risks resulting in a growing interest in research on biological control options for smallholder farmers. In order to evaluate the occurrence of local natural enemies attacking FAW, we collected on a weekly basis FAW eggs and larvae during a maize crop cycle in the rainy season of 2018–2019 at four locations in the Lusaka and Central provinces in Zambia. A total of 4373 larvae and 162 egg masses were collected. For each location and date of collection, crop stage, the number of plants checked and amount of damage were recorded to analyse which factors best explain the occurrence of the natural enemy species on maize. Overall parasitism rates from local natural enemies at each location varied between 8.45% and 33.11%. We identified 12 different egg-larval, larval and larval-pupal parasitoid species. Location, maize growth stage, pest density and larval stage significantly affected parasitoid species occurrence. Our findings indicate that there is potential for increasing local populations of natural enemies of FAW through conservation biological control programmes and develop safe and practical control methods for smallholder farmers.

Sensitivity of aboveground biomass and species composition to climate change in boreal forests of Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 109472
Author(s):  
Chao Huang ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Mia M. Wu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Northeastern China
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