scholarly journals COVID-19 misinformation: Mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243264
Author(s):  
Malik Sallam ◽  
Deema Dababseh ◽  
Alaa Yaseen ◽  
Ayat Al-Haidar ◽  
Duaa Taim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Probing knowledge and anxiety regarding this novel infectious disease is necessary to identify gaps in knowledge and sources of misinformation which can help public health efforts to design and implement more focused interventional measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and effects of misinformation about COVID-19 on anxiety level among the general public residing in Jordan. This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based questionnaire that took place in April 2020, which targeted people residing in Jordan, aged 18 and above. The questionnaire included items on the following: demographic characteristics of the participants, knowledge about COVID-19, anxiety level and misconceptions regarding the origin of the pandemic. The total number of participants included in final analysis was 3150. The study population was predominantly females (76.0%), with mean age of 31 years. The overall knowledge of COVID-19 was satisfactory. Older age, males, lower monthly income and educational levels, smoking and history of chronic disease were associated with perceiving COVID-19 as a very dangerous disease. Variables that were associated with a higher anxiety level during the pandemic included: lower monthly income and educational level, residence outside the capital (Amman) and history of smoking. Misinformation about the origin of the pandemic (being part of a conspiracy, biologic warfare and the 5G networks role) was also associated with higher anxiety levels. Social media platforms, TV and news releases were the most common sources of information about the pandemic. The study showed the potential harmful effects of misinformation on the general public and emphasized the need to meticulously deliver timely and accurate information about the pandemic to lessen the health, social and psychological impact of the disease.

scholarly journals COVID-19 misinformation: mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Sallam ◽  
Deema Dababseh ◽  
Alaa Yaseen ◽  
Ayat Al-Haidar ◽  
Duaa Taim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Probing knowledge and anxiety regarding this novel infectious disease is necessary to identify gaps and sources of misinformation which can help public health efforts to design and implement more focused interventional measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and effects of misinformation about COVID-19 on anxiety level among the general public residing in Jordan. An online survey was used that targeted people aged 18 and above and residing in Jordan. The questionnaire included items on the following: demographic characteristics of the participants, knowledge about COVID-19, anxiety level and misconceptions regarding the origin of the pandemic. The total number of participants included in final analysis was 3150. The study population was predominantly females (76.0%), with mean age of 31 years. The overall knowledge of COVID-19 was satisfactory. Older age, male gender, lower monthly income and educational levels, smoking and history of chronic disease were associated with perceiving COVID-19 as a very dangerous disease. Variables that were associated with a higher anxiety level during the pandemic included: lower monthly income and educational level, residence outside the capital (Amman) and history of smoking. Misinformation about the origin of the pandemic (being part of a conspiracy, biologic warfare and the 5G networks role) was also associated with higher anxiety and lower knowledge about the disease. Social media platforms, TV and news releases were the most common sources of information about the pandemic. The study showed the potential harmful effects of misinformation on the general public and emphasized the need to meticulously deliver timely and accurate information about the pandemic to lessen the health, social and psychological impact of the disease.

scholarly journals Are presbyopes willing to pay for spectacles? A Cross-sectional study’’

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile Woretaw Alemu ◽  
Anthony Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract Objective Cross-sectional study design were used to assess willingness to pay for spectacles among south Gondar presbyopic population.Results Of the total 322 people participating in the study, only 53.4% (172) were experienced by spectacles users. The median gross monthly income of participants was US$ 75.0 (ranged US$ 7.1 - 321.4) and the mean amount of money willing to pay for a pair of spectacles was US$ 17.9 (ranged US$ 1.1-107.1). Participants who were willing to pay US$ 12.5 for a pair of spectacles from a government optical accounted for 63.0% (95% CI: 57.8-68.3), while those willing to pay the minimum international pair of spectacle price US$ 5.6 were accounted 73.9% (95% CI: 68.9-79.2%) and spectacle from local private optical price US$ 17.8 accounted 46.6% (95% CI: 40.4-52.2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated factors such as age (P=0.049), occupation (0.001), monthly income (0.001) and history of the previous spectacle wear (0.005) to be significantly associated with willingness to pay for a pair of spectacles. Public willingness to pay for a pair of spectacle has to be supported with the accessible provision of spectacles to increase spectacle coverage among presbyopic individuals.

scholarly journals Awareness of Colorectal Cancer and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110335
Author(s):  
Abdulmenan Hamza ◽  
Zeleke Argaw ◽  
Debela Gela
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
South West Ethiopia

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first commonest diagnosed cancer in men and the fourth commonest in women in Ethiopia. Awareness of CRC and associated factors is crucial in the prevention of CRC. However, there have not been studies about the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia, 2020. Methods This institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 adult patients. The study respondents were recruited by a systematic random sampling method. The Cancer Awareness Measure questions were used to measure awareness of CRC of adult patients. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results More than half (57.6%) of respondents had low-level awareness of CRC. Respondents who were females (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.75), who are residing in urban areas (AOR = .45; 95% CI: .30, .67), who had a monthly income of 3000 Ethiopian Birr and above (AOR = 4.72; 95% CI: 3.11, 7.15), who heard about CRC (AOR = 4.48; 95% CI: 2.90, 6.93), who get information through social media about CRC (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.18, 5.37), and who had a family history of CRC (AOR = 3.27; 95% CI: 1.45, 7.36) had a high level of awareness of CRC, while those who cannot read and write (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.49, 5.37) and learn elementary school (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.93) had a low level of awareness of CRC. Conclusion This study indicated that awareness of CRC of adult patients was inadequate. Adult patients’ gender, residency, level of education, monthly income, heard about CRC, sources of information about CRC, and a family history of CRC were found to be independent predictors of the awareness of CRC. Therefore, there is a need for health education and awareness campaigns for promoting awareness of CRC of adult patients, and the government should develop policy on CRC prevention and screening program.

scholarly journals Utilization of Community-Level Fluoride-Filtered Water and its Associated Factors in Dugda Woreda of East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110523
Author(s):  
Awash Almebo ◽  
Hunachew Beyene Mangasha ◽  
Zemachu Ashuro ◽  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental And Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
History Of

Background: Long-term consumption of water containing an excessive amount of fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. De-fluoridation options differ in terms of scale, efficacy, long-term viability, and user acceptance. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the challenges of using fluoride-filtered water and its associated factors among households. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2018 among 405 randomly selected households in Dugda Woreda of Ethiopia Rift Valley East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and analyze the collected data. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify association between dependent and independent factors and explained by odds ratio with 95%CI. Results: A total of 228 (56.3%) households were found to utilize fluoride filtered water from community water supply schemes for drinking and cooking purposes. No family history of fluorosis (AOR = 44.4, 95%CI: 18.8, 104.74), monthly income of less than 1000 ETB (AOR = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.004, 0.23), good knowledge of community fluoride filter schemes (AOR = 5.93, 95%CI: 1.30, 26.9), and not afford to pay bill of ⩾0.50 ETB [AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.91] were factors significantly associated with utilization of community-level fluoride-filtered water. Conclusion: In this study, more than half of the households used fluoride filtered water. Family monthly income, affordability, presence of family members with the history of fluoride exposure, and knowledge about community fluoride filter schemes were factors significantly associated with utilization of community-level fluoride-filtered water.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Students amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Joel Rey U. Acob ◽  
Hidayat Arifin ◽  
Yulis Setiya Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
History Of

Background: COVID-19 considered as a global health crisis poses mental health problems among individual and specifics to students.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the depression, anxiety, and stress levels among students amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Philippines.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Region 8, Eastern Visayas Philippines. A total of 311 tertiary respondents randomly selected both private and government owned higher education institutions. The data compilation was done using online questionnaires through Google Forms with validated version of the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Scales 21 (DASS21) is used to calculate students' level of stress, anxiety and, depression with their socio-demographic featuresResults: We revealed that depression, anxiety and stress are instituted in 18.6 %, 35.1 % and 2.85% of students, respectively, amidst the COVID – 19 pandemics. The symptoms of disorders were moderate to extremely severe in 6.1%, 23.5%, and 0.6% of the study sample, respectively. Age, gender, marital status and family history of illness are significantly different with age group 20 and below, females, singles, and families with no history of illness displaying high level of anxiety. Results also established an association between anxiety and family’s monthly income and history of illness. The higher the monthly income and no presence of illness of families, the more anxious the person.Conclusion: Finally, the variables used, explained only 1.5% depression, 3.4% anxiety and 1.4% stress in this time of COVID-19 outbreak. It is therefore recommended to essentially develop community-based mental health program for preventive purposes.

scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome among Medical Students in Jordan: A cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salsabeel Yousef ◽  
Khaled Jadallah ◽  
Khalid A. Kheirallah ◽  
Mohannad Al Nsour ◽  
Anwar Batieha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. IBS is not a life-threatening condition; however, it considerably reduces the quality of life of sufferers. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of IBS, its subtypes, and associated factors among medical students at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST).Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among medical students at JUST from November 2019 to February 2020. A structured, pre-validated, comprehensive, self-administered, and anonymous questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consists of three parts: sociodemographic and behavioral factors related questions, Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 396 students participated in our study.Results The prevalence of IBS among medical students at JUST was 28.5%. The predominant IBS subtype was IBS-mixed (IBS-M), which constituted 42.5% of the cases. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that gender, family history of IBS, academic level, residence, stress level, anxiety level, and depression level were the main predictors of IBS. Males were fifty percent less likely to suffer from IBS compared to females. Students who had a family history of IBS were two and half times more likely to suffer from IBS. Students who had extremely severe stress were five times more likely to have IBS than those with normal stress levels. Students who had extremely severe depression were three and half times more likely to suffer from IBS than those who had normal depression level. Students who had extremely severe anxiety levels were two and half times more likely to suffer from IBS than those of normal anxiety level. The odds of having IBS were highest among fifth-year students, followed by sixth-year students compared to first-year students. The anxiety level regression model revealed that students living with their families have a reduced risk for IBS by 50% than students living in a private house.Conclusion IBS is highly prevalent among medical students at JUST. Sex, family history of IBS, academic level, residence, stress level, anxiety level, and depression level were the risk factors of IBS. Offering emotional and psychological support and stress management courses may be needed to enhance students' ability to deal with stress, reduce anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Is the press properly presenting the epidemiological data on COVID-19? An analysis of newspapers from 25 countries.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Serpa Hammes ◽  
Arthur Proença Rossi ◽  
Luana Giongo Pedrotti ◽  
Paulo Márcio Pitrez ◽  
Mohamed Parrini Mutlaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Difference

Abstract We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess how newspapers from 25 countries are comparing and presenting COVID-19 epidemiological data to their readers. Of 75 newspapers evaluated, 51(68%) presented at their websites at least one comparison of cases and/or deaths between regions of their country and/or between countries. Quality assessment of the comparisons showed that only a minority of newspapers adjusted the data for population size in case comparisons between regions (37,2%) and between countries (25,6%), and the same was true for death comparisons between regions (27,3%) and between countries (27%). Of those making comparisons, only 13,7% explained the difference in the interpretation of cases and deaths. Of 17 that presented a logarithmic curve, only 29,4% explained its meaning. Although the press plays a key role in conveying correct medical information to the general public, researchers and journalists need to work more closely together to provide more accurate information.

Immuno-biological Assessments of Temporomandibular Joint Disease in Patients with Immune-mediated Rheumatic Conditions. A cross sectional study of 273 cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2987-2991
Author(s):  
Cristina Iordache ◽  
Bogdan Vascu ◽  
Eugen Ancuta ◽  
Rodica Chirieac ◽  
Cristina Pomirleanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Immune Mediated

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is commonly involved in various immune-mediated rheumatic disorders accounting for significant disability and impaired quality of life. The aim of our study was to assess inflammatory and immune parameters in patients with TMJ arthritis related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to identify potential relation with severity and dysfunction of TMJ pathology. We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 433 consecutive RA, 32 JIA, 258 AS, and 103 PsA. Only patients presenting with clinically significant TMJ involvement (273) related to their rheumatic condition were included in the final analysis. TMJ involvement is traditionally described in chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorders, particularly in patients with higher levels of inflammation as detected in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Disease activity and severity, as well as biological and positive serological assessments (rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, IL-1) remain significant determinants of the severity of TMJ arthritis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta R Singh ◽  
Bunsoth Mao ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov ◽  
Pisey Tan ◽  
Phana Leab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Siem Reap ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2–14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2–4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. Results Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.

scholarly journals Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives on the Upcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in Terms of Their Exposure to the Influenza Vaccine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Leena R. Baghdadi ◽  
Shatha G. Alghaihb ◽  
Alanoud A. Abuhaimed ◽  
Dania M. Alkelabi ◽  
Rawan S. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
History Of

In 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)) caused a global pandemic. There was an urgent need to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 to reduce its spread and economic burden. The main objective of this study was to understand the attitudes and concerns of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine, whether their decision was influenced by their history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine, and factors that influence the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We selected and surveyed 356 HCWs via an electronic self-administered questionnaire. A total of 61.16% of HCWs were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and 55.9% of them had received the seasonal influenza vaccine in the preceding year (2019–2020). The strongest predictors for taking the COVID-19 vaccine were the HCWs’ belief that the COVID-19 vaccine would be safe, needed even for healthy people, that all HCWs should be vaccinated against COVID-19, and that HCWs will have time to take the vaccine. Being female, being middle aged, having <5 years of work experience, having no fear of injections, and being a non-smoker were predictive factors for taking the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. No associations were found between the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and a history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine.

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