scholarly journals Nationwide seroprevalence of hepatitis A in South Korea from 2009 to 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245162
Author(s):  
Deog-Yong Lee ◽  
Su-Jin Chae ◽  
Seung-Rye Cho ◽  
Wooyoung Choi ◽  
Chang-Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
Positive Rate

Hepatitis A, an acute type of hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus, occurs worldwide. Following the 2009 hepatitis A epidemic in South Korea, patient outbreak reports were collectively converted to an “all-patient report” in 2011, and national immunization programs were introduced for children in 2015. In this study, we aimed to analyze the changes and characteristics of hepatitis A antibody titers in South Korea following the epidemic. The results of hepatitis A antibody tests performed at clinical laboratories from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed based on year, age, region, sex, and medical institution. The average 2009–2018 positive anti-hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G rate was 51.8%, but it increased (56.06%) in 2019. Significantly different antibody-positive rates were observed based on age: <10 years, 54.5%; 20–29 years, 19.5%; ≥50 years, almost 100%. The positive rate of individuals in their teens and 20s gradually increased, whereas that of those in their 30s and 40s gradually decreased. Males had higher antibody-positive rates than females, and samples from higher-level general hospitals exhibited higher antibody rates. The positive anti-hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M rates gradually decreased after 2009 and were <1% after 2012. However, a high positive rate of 3.69% was observed in 2019 when there was an epidemic. Anti-hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G-positive rates were similar throughout the year, but the anti-hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M-positive rates increased from January, peaked in April, and decreased from July, exhibiting distinct seasonality. This is considered to be related to groundwater pollution during the spring drought season. The introduction of the “all-patient report” and national vaccination program for children has had an effective influence on hepatitis A management. However, for hepatitis A prevention, policy considerations for high-risk age groups with low antibody-positive rates will be necessary.

Serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis A by a modified competitive binding radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis A virus

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
D W Bradley ◽  
H A Fields ◽  
K A McCaustland ◽  
J E Maynard ◽  
R H Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

A competitive binding radioimmunoassay (CBA) for antibody to hepatitis A virus (HAV) was evaluated and compared with a standard solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-HAV, CBA was found to be sensitive and specific for the detection of anti-HAV, as demonstrated by the 98% concordance of CBA and solid-phase radioimmunoassay test results. The standard CBA test was modified for the differential detection of acute (immunoglobulin M) and convalescent (immunoglobulin G) anti-HAV by incorporation of a step in which immunoglobulin G anti-HAV was preferentially absorbed with S. aureus cells (protein A). The modified CBA test was shown to be capable of differentiating between acute- and convalescent-phase sera. The modified CBAM test was able to detect immunoglobulin M anti-HAV up to approximately 4 weeks after the onset of illness.

scholarly journals Increasing incidence of hepatitis A in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Amin ◽  
LN Siddique ◽  
MA Slatter ◽  
KK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
High Risk Population

Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is caused by the hepatitis A virus which is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Life long protective antibodies are present after infection. The number of cases of adult hepatitis A has progressively been increasing during the last several decades in Bangladesh. In addition, the pattern of age-specific seroprevalence of anti-HAV has changed with economic growth. The prevalence of anti-HAV in 20-40 year age range has declined rapidly during the last 3 decades. As a result, this age groups has a high risk for HAV infection and clinically overt hepatitis A is increasing in adolescents and adult. The aim of the present study were to assess whether the proportion of adults with acute HAV infection has been increasing over the years and analyze the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M(IgM) anti- HAV antibodies in young adults below the age of 20 years as well as in cases of chronic liver disease. Sera collected from 530 patients with acute and chronic liver disease attends the Somorita Hospital Ltd. during the previous 2 years and 6 months (Jan. 2008- Jun. 2010) were tested for various serological markers of acute and chronic hepatitis. In addition, 530 normal healthy attendants of the patients above the age of 20 years were tested for IgM anti-HAV as controls. Of 530 patients with acute hepatitis (13.42%) were positive for immunoglobulin M. The patients who were IgM anti-HAV negative were found to be hepatitis B (106 patients), hepatitis C, (10 patients), hepatitis E (150 patients) and unclassified (273 patients). Although the frequency of HAV infection among young adult (< 20 age) had increased (33.33% to 42.35%) in the 2 years and 6 months period, the frequency of HAV infection among adults had also increased (15.38% to 28.13%) during the same period. This study should be helpful for the identification of high risk population for vaccination of hepatitis A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13065 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 309-312 2012

scholarly journals Specific immunoglobulin M response to hepatitis A virus determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-936
Author(s):  
S M Lemon ◽  
C D Brown ◽  
D S Brooks ◽  
T E Simms ◽  
W H Bancroft
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Type A ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Control Antigen

Immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) is found in most patients with acute type A hepatitis. To determine the duration of this IgM response as well as to confirm that IgM anti-HAV is a specific marker for acute infection, we developed a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for IgM anti-HAV. This new assay is 25-fold more sensitive than a conventional blocking radioimmunoassay for anti-HAV, and interference due to rheumatoid factor was eliminated by simultaneously testing sera against virus-free control antigen. Maximum IgM anti-HAV titers (1:6,400 to greater than or equal to 1:51,200) were detected during the first 30 days after the onset of illness. Although the IgM anti-HAV titer subsequently declined 64-fold over the ensuing 90 days, low-titer IgM anti-HAV (1:100 to 1:400) persisted in many sera for 90 to 150 days. Acute sera having an IgM anti-HAV titer of greater than or equal to 1:25,600 possessed a significantly higher mean IgM concentration (492 mg/dl) than acute sera with an IgM anti-HAV titer of less than or equal to 1:12,800 (344 mg/dl; P < 0.05). IgM anti-HAV titers did not correlate with other clinical or laboratory measures of disease severity. Detection of IgM anti-HAV proved to be both a highly specific (>99%) and a sensitive (>99%) method for the diagnosis of type A hepatitis.

scholarly journals Current Hepatitis A Status in Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Shimian Zou ◽  
Antonio Giulivi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern

Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus, occurs most frequently in developing countries, but also causes sporadic cases or outbreaks in industrialized countries. The most common route of transmission is fecal-oral. The incidence of hepatitis A varies with geography, and economic and environmental conditions. The epidemiological pattern of the disease has changed with improvements in hygiene and economic conditions. The incidence and prevalence of hepatitis A has decreased, while the average age of exposure and subsequent infection has increased. The present report describes the current status of hepatitis A in Canada. The incidence rate of reported cases in Canada varies from over 10/100,000 (1991) to 3.6/100,000 (1998), and is higher in males, 4.7/100,000 (1998), than in females, 2.5/100,000 (1998). The highest reported hepatitis A rates are in age groups 30 to 39 years and 40 to 59 years, and in British Columbia. Such information is important for assessing current immunization approaches and for decision-making about new preventive strategies against hepatitis A in Canada.

scholarly journals Suspected spread of hepatitis A virus from a restaurant among adults in rural area of the Kerala state, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Gurav ◽  
G. Retheesh Babu ◽  
K. P. Vinu ◽  
K. S. Lole
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
First Case ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Kerala State

AbstractIndia is experiencing a substantial decrease in early childhood exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV). Kerala has experienced several hepatitis A outbreaks in young adults/adults in the recent past. The current hepatitis outbreak occurred in Nellikuzhi, Kerala state, India in December 2016. Investigation was carried by preparing a line list of suspected hepatitis cases. The blood and stool samples collected from patients were tested for anti-HAV/anti-Hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin (IgM) antibodies and RNA respectively. A total of 562 suspected hepatitis cases were reported during the outbreak. Along with the first case (35 years, male), 86.1% (484/562) of the cases gave history of consuming food/water/cold drinks from one restaurant. Anti-HAV IgM positivity was 74.5% (73/98) in tested samples and amongst the positives, 81% were adults/young adults and adolescents. None of the samples tested positive for anti-HEV IgM. There were three HAV associated deaths without any co-morbidity. Sequence analysis of HAV RNA positive stool samples showed the presence of genotype IIIA HAV. The suspected source of the infection was a private well situated in the premise of a restaurant. Considering increasing HAV naive population in Kerala, there is a need to introduce hepatitis A vaccine in high-risk age groups.

Isolation and characterization of a low pathogenic duck hepatitis A virus 3 from South Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Yeoun Cha ◽  
Jae-Hee Roh ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Bumseok Kim ◽  
Hyung-Kwan Jang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Duck Hepatitis

scholarly journals Comparative hepatitis A seroepidemiology in 10 European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KURKELA ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
G. KAFATOS ◽  
N. ANDREWS ◽  
C. BARBARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Local Laboratory

SUMMARYThe WHO recommends hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunization according to level of transmission and disease burden. We aimed to identify susceptible age groups by standardized serosurveys to inform HAV vaccination policy in participating countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, England, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, and Slovakia. Each country tested national serum banks (n = 1854–6748), collected during 1996–2004, for anti-HAV antibodies. Local laboratory results were standardized to common units. Forty-one per cent of those aged <30 years and 6% of those aged ⩾30 years were susceptible to HAV in Romania; compared to 70–94% and 26–71%, respectively, elsewhere. Romania reported high HAV incidence in children and young adults. Other countries reported HAV disease primarily in older risk groups. The results suggest low level of HAV transmission in most of Europe. Romania, however, appeared as an area with intermediate transmission. Vaccination of risk groups in countries with high susceptibility of young and middle-aged adults needs to be continued.

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