scholarly journals Clarification of electrical current importance in plasma gene transfection by equivalent circuit analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245654
Author(s):  
Yugo Kido ◽  
Hideki Motomura ◽  
Yoshihisa Ikeda ◽  
Susumu Satoh ◽  
Masafumi Jinno
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Buffer Solution

We have been developing a method of plasma gene transfection that uses microdischarge plasma (MDP) and is highly efficient, minimally invasive, and safe. Using this technique, electrical factors (such as the electrical current and electric field created through processing discharge plasma) and the chemical factors of active species and other substances focusing on radicals are supplied to the cells and then collectively work to introduce nucleic acids in the cell. In this paper, we focus on the electrical factors to identify whether the electric field or electrical current is the major factor acting on the cells. More specifically, we built a spatial distribution model that uses an electrical network to represent the buffer solution and cells separately, as a substitute for the previously reported uniform medium model (based on the finite element method), calculated the voltage and electrical current acting on cells, and examined their intensity. Although equivalent circuit models of single cells are widely used, this study was a novel attempt to build a model wherein adherent cells distributed in two dimensions were represented as a group of equivalent cell circuits and analyzed as an electrical network that included a buffer solution and a 96-well plate. Using this model, we could demonstrate the feasibility of applying equivalent circuit network analysis to calculate electrical factors using fewer components than those required for the finite element method, with regard to electrical processing systems targeting organisms. The results obtained through this equivalent circuit network analysis revealed for the first time that the distribution of voltage and current applied to a cellular membrane matched the spatial distribution of experimentally determined gene transfection efficiency and that the electrical current is the major factor contributing to introduction.

scholarly journals Modelling of the electric locomotion DS3 working

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Dmytro Bannikov ◽  
Anatoliy Radkevich ◽  
Antonina Muntian
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single System ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Element Method

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the spatial distribution of the rigidity of the carrier frame and the body of the Ukrainian electric locomotive DC3 as a single system during operation and repair. The research was carried out on the basis of the finite element method with the application of design and computing complex SCAD for Windows. The numerical model of the electric locomotive was built, tested and then used to identify the causes and providing guidance on solving some specific operational questions. They are included, for example, the possibility of eliminating the body skew when jacking up on jacks and jamming the door as a result. The researches showed that the structure of the electric locomotive DS3 in general has a rather high spatial rigidity, both in transverse and longitudinal directions, and on torsion. However, for some practical repair tasks there is not enough for that rigidity. It was recommended to increase the thickness of the shell of its body up to 4 mm or the roof up to 8 mm, which leads to an increasing in the total mass of the machine by about 2,5 and 3,5 tons, respectively.

scholarly journals A Modified Dynamic Model of Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors Considering Longitudinal and Transversal Effects

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Heidari ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin ◽  
Arash Razzaghi ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
End Effect ◽  
Linear Induction ◽  
Proposed Model

This paper proposes a modified dynamic equivalent circuit model for a linear induction motor considering both longitudinal end effect and transverse edge effect. The dynamic end effect (speed-dependent end effect) is based on conventional Duncan’s approach. The transverse edge effect is investigated by using three correction factors applied to the secondary resistance and magnetizing inductance. Moreover, the iron saturation effect, the skin effect, and the air-gap leakage effect are incorporated into the proposed model by using the field-analysis method. A new topology of the steady-state and space-vector model of linear induction, regarding all mentioned phenomena, is presented. The parameters of this model are calculated using both field analysis and the finite-element method. The steady-state performance of the model is first validated using the finite-element method. Additionally, the dynamic performance of the proposed model is studied. The results prove that the proposed equivalent circuit model can precisely predict the dynamic and steady-state performances of the linear induction.

Planar multiport microwave network analysis by the finite element method

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 2941-2943 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Konrad ◽  
T.J. Sober ◽  
C.T.M. Choi ◽  
L.S. Rider ◽  
J.J. Komiak
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Microwave Network Analysis ◽  
Element Method

scholarly journals Theoretical Modeling of Piezoelectric Cantilever MEMS Loudspeakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6323
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Yong Shen ◽  
Jiazheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Microelectromechanical System ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Method ◽  
Electromechanical Conversion

Piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) loudspeakers have received extensive attention in recent years. In particular, the piezoelectric cantilever MEMS loudspeaker, which uses multilayer piezoelectric cantilever actuators (MPCAs), has attracted attention because of its small size, low cost, ease of manufacture, and desirable piston movement. However, owing to the complex driving principles of MPCAs, no adequately efficient and appropriate method currently exists that can be used to analyze and predict the performance of piezoelectric cantilever MEMS loudspeakers. In this study, the equivalent circuit method (ECM) is adopted to theoretically model piezoelectric cantilever MEMS loudspeakers, and an ECM model with a special MPCA transformer for electromechanical conversion is proposed. With the proposed ECM model, the performance characteristics of piezoelectric cantilever MEMS loudspeakers, such as the displacement and sound pressure response, can be calculated efficiently and conveniently. To verify the accuracy of the ECM model, the finite element method is adopted for simulation, and the simulated results are compared with those of the ECM models. A satisfactory agreement was found, which verifies the accuracy of the proposed ECM model.

scholarly journals Analysis Study of Hybrid Magnetic Equivalent Circuit of IPMSM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Soo Song ◽  
Byoung-Wook Jo ◽  
Ki-Chan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Magnetic Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Interior Permanent Magnet ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Method ◽  
Element Method

Recently, the demand for electric vehicle is increasing worldwide due to eco-friendly policies and stricter emission regulations. As a traction motor for electric vehicle, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors are mainly used. For the design of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, the magnetic equivalent circuit method, which is a method of lumped constant circuit, and the finite element method, which is a method of distributed constant circuit, mainly are used. Magnetic equivalent circuit method is useful for simple design through fast and intuitive parameters, but it cannot derive the distribution of magnetic field. The finite element method can derive an accurate magnetic field distribution, but it takes a long time to analyze and it is difficult to analyze intuitive design parameters. In this paper, magnetic equivalent circuit method and Carter coefficient are mixed for rotor structure design. This design method will be called the hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. Intuitive design parameters are derived through this hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. We will derive the Air gap flux density distribution according to rotor shape, no-load induced voltage, and cogging torque, and compare and verify it with the finite element method.

scholarly journals Analysis of an IPMSM Hybrid Magnetic Equivalent Circuit

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
In-Soo Song ◽  
Byoung-Wook Jo ◽  
Ki-Chan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Magnetic Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Method ◽  
Intuitive Design ◽  
Element Method

The most common type of electric vehicle traction motor is the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). For IPMSM designs, engineers make use of the magnetic equivalent circuit method, which is a lumped constant circuit method, and the finite element method, which is a distributed constant circuit method. The magnetic equivalent circuit method is useful for simple design through fast and intuitive parameters, but it cannot derive the distribution of the magnetic field. The finite element method can derive an accurate magnetic field distribution, but it takes a long time and is difficult to use for analysis of intuitive design parameters. In this study, the magnetic equivalent circuit method and Carter’s coefficient were combined for rotor structure design and accurate identification and analysis of circuit constants. In this paper, this design method is called the hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. Intuitive design parameters are derived through this hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. The air gap flux density distribution according to rotor shape, no-load-induced voltage, and cogging torque was analyzed and compared to results of the finite element method. The proposed method was found to achieve a short solving time and acceptably accurate results.

Simulation of tuning graphene plasmonic behaviors by ferroelectric domains for self-driven infrared photodetector applications

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 20868-20875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiong Guo ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Jinxing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Interfacial Effect ◽  
Infrared Photodetector ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Ferroelectric Domains ◽  
Element Method

We propose a graphene plasmonic infrared photodetector tuned by ferroelectric domains and investigate the interfacial effect using the finite element method.

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