Declining trend of smoking and smokeless tobacco in India: A decomposition analysis

There has been a relative reduction of tobacco consumption between Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (GATS-India) 2009–10 and GATS-India 2016–17. However, in terms of absolute numbers, India still has the highest number of tobacco consumers. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the socioeconomic correlates and delineate the factors contributing to a change in smoking and smokeless tobacco use from GATS (2009–10) to GATS (2016–17) in India. We used multivariable binary logistic regressions to examine the demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking and smokeless tobacco use for both the rounds of the survey. Further decomposition analysis has been applied to examine the specific contribution of factors in the decline of tobacco consumption over a period from 2009 to 2016. Results indicated that the propensity component was primarily responsible for major tobacco consumption decline (smoking- 41%, smokeless tobacco use- 81%). Most of the decrease in propensity to smoke has been explained by residential type and occupation of the respondent. Age of the respondent contribute significantly in reducing the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption during the seven-year period, regardless of change in the composition of population. To achieve the National Health Policy, 2017 aim of reducing tobacco use up to 15% by 2020 and up to 30% by 2025, targeted policies and interventions addressing the inequalities identified in this study, must be developed and implemented.

Download Full-text

An Intertemporal Analysis of Post-FCTC Era Household Tobacco Consumption in Pakistan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16142532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 2532

Author(s):

Biplab Kumar Datta ◽

Muhammad Jami Husain ◽

Nigar Nargis

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

National Level ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Smoking Rate ◽

Middle Income ◽

Household Level ◽

The Poor ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Use

Since the ratification of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, Pakistan has taken various measures of tobacco control. This study examines how these tobacco control measures are associated with change in household-level tobacco consumption patterns in Pakistan over the decade (2005 to 2016) after FCTC ratification. We used multiple waves of the household survey data of Pakistan from 2004–2005 to 2015–2016 for analyzing household-level tobacco use. We find that tobacco consumption remains at a significantly high level (45.5%) in Pakistan despite the recent declining trend in the post-FCTC era. During the preparatory phase of FCTC implementation between 2005 and 2008, the smoking rate was on the rise, and smokeless tobacco use was declining. Over the implementation phase of FCTC policies between 2008 and 2016, the pattern of change in tobacco use reversed—the smoking rate started to decrease while smokeless tobacco use started to rise. However, the decrease in the smoking rate was slower and the increase in smokeless tobacco use at the national level was driven by an increase among the poor and middle-income households. These trends resulted in the growing burden of tobacco expenditure among the poor and middle-income households relative to the wealthier households.

Download Full-text

Pattern of tobacco use among adolescents in urban slums of Jorhat, Assam

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 4232

Author(s):

Netri Das ◽

Anadi S. Tasa ◽

Anuradha H. Medhi

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Change Communication ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Use

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide and an estimated 250 million children and adolescents in developing countries die prematurely because of tobacco consumption. The objectives of the study were to determine the pattern of tobacco use among the adolescents and assess the factors associated with its use in urban slums of Jorhat, Assam.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two randomly selected urban slums of Jorhat district from September 2015 to February 2016 among 110 adolescents using predesigned pretested proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS - trial version 16; risk analysis was done using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.Results: 106 (96.36%) adolescents had ever used a tobacco product and 97 (88.18%) were current users. 57.73% consumed smokeless form and 3.1% used smoking form exclusively while 39.17% used both smoking and smokeless tobacco. Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was more common among girls. Smoking as well as combined smoking and smokeless tobacco was more common among boys. Gutkha was most common smokeless product (94.84%) and cigarette was commonest smoking form (34.02%) used. Awareness regarding its harmful effects was high (77.28%). Tobacco use in family is significantly associated with current use of tobacco (OR 5.88).Conclusions: Tobacco consumption is an emerging threat to health of adolescents in urban slums. Smokeless tobacco use is high in our study, especially among girls. Tobacco use by family is a major reason behind using tobacco indicating an urgent need to carry out behaviour change communication (BCC) activities among adolescents and their family members.

Download Full-text

Socioeconomic Gradients in Different Types of Tobacco Use in India: Evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009-10

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/837804 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ankur Singh ◽

Monika Arora ◽

Dallas R. English ◽

Manu R. Mathur

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Socioeconomic Differences ◽

Dual Use ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Use

Socioeconomic differences in tobacco use have been reported, but there is a lack of evidence on how they vary according to types of tobacco use. This study explored socioeconomic differences associated with cigarette, bidi, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and dual use (smoking and smokeless tobacco use) in India and tested whether these differences vary by gender and residential area. Secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2009-10 (n=69,296) was conducted. The primary outcomes were self-reported cigarette, bidi smoking, SLT, and dual use. The main explanatory variables were wealth, education, and occupation. Associations were assessed using multinomial logistic regressions. 69,030 adults participated in the study. Positive association was observed between wealth and prevalence of cigarette smoking while inverse associations were observed for bidi smoking, SLT, and dual use after adjustment for potential confounders. Inverse associations with education were observed for all four types after adjusting for confounders. Significant interactions were observed for gender and area in the association between cigarette, bidi, and smokeless tobacco use with wealth and education. The probability of cigarette smoking was higher for wealthier individuals while the probability of bidi smoking, smokeless tobacco use, and dual use was higher for those with lesser wealth and education.

Download Full-text

Study on oral smokeless tobacco use among migrant labourers and their attitude towards tobacco cessation in an urban settlement in Ernakulam district of Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191836 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 2152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anjana Rameshan ◽

Leyanna Susan George ◽

Devraj Ramakrishnan ◽

Anu Vasudevan

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban Settlement ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Use

Background: Interstate migrant workers in the state of Kerala are increasing day by day. Tobacco usage is quite common among them; however, there are only few studies about oral smokeless tobacco consumption among them. The objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of oral smokeless tobacco use among migrant labourers in an urban settlement in Ernakulam district of Kerala and to assess the knowledge and attitude of users towards cessation.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 migrant workers residing in an urban settlement in Kochi. Data regarding their socio demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices of smokeless tobacco consumption was collected using a questionnaire adapted from the global adult tobacco survey questionnaire (GATS). Data was entered into excel sheet and was analyzed using Epi Info.Results: The prevalence of oral smokeless tobacco was found to be 32.85%. Of which, majority of them used a tobacco-lime mixture called Khani (50%) and used tobacco on a daily basis (65.2%). It was observed that 71.74% of the users were unaware of the ill effects of the use of smokeless tobacco and 69.57% of them were not interested in quitting this habit. Among those who had quit, majority of them had done it on their will power alone.Conclusions: The use of smokeless tobacco is quite prevalent among the migrant population. Effective behavioural change communication activities need to be directed towards them.

Download Full-text