scholarly journals The impact of occupational structures on ethnic and gendered employment gaps: An event history analysis using social security register data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250398
Author(s):  
Stefan Vogtenhuber ◽  
Nadia Steiber ◽  
Monika Mühlböck ◽  
Bernhard Kittel
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Labour Market ◽  
Gendered Employment

Ethnic and gendered employment gaps are mainly explained by individual characteristics, while less attention is paid to occupational structures. Drawing on administrative data, this article analyses the impact of occupational characteristics on top of individual attributes in the urban labour market of Vienna. Both set of variables can explain observed employment gaps to a large extent, but persistent gaps remain, in particular among females. The article’s main finding is that the occupational structure appears to have gendered effects. While men tend to benefit from ethnic segregation, women face difficulties when looking for jobs with high shares of immigrant workers. Looking for jobs in occupations that recruit from relatively few educational backgrounds (credentials) is beneficial for both sexes at the outset unemployment, but among females this competitive advantage diminishes over time. The article concludes by discussing potential strategies to avoid the traps of occupational segregation.

scholarly journals Closing Time! Examining the Impact of Gender and Executive Branch Policy Makers on the Timing of Stay-at-Home Orders

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laine P. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has significantly altered lives across the globe. In the United States, several states attempted to manage the pandemic by issuing stay-at-home orders. In this research note, I examine whether the gender of state policy makers in the executive branch might impact a state's adoption of a stay-at-home order. Using event history analysis, I find that the governor's gender has no impact on the likelihood of a state adopting a stay-at-home order. However, I find that gender plays a significant role for agency heads. Specifically, my analysis shows that states with a female-headed health agency tend to adopt stay-at-home orders earlier than states with a male administrator. These findings shed light on how female leadership in the executive branch may impact public policy regarding COVID-19.

The Impact of Training on Innovation

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Dostie
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Productivity Shocks ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact

The firm’s stock of human capital is an important determinant of its ability to innovate. As such, any increase in this stock through firm-sponsored training might lead to more innovation. The author tests this hypothesis using detailed data on firms’ human capital investments and innovation performance from the Canadian Workplace and Employee Survey, 1999–2006. The regression results, including workplace fixed effects and allowing for time-varying productivity shocks, demonstrate that more training leads to more product and process innovation, with on-the-job training playing a role that is as important as classroom training. Results from an event history analysis show, however, that this impact fades over time.

Pitfalls in Pathways: Some Perspectives on Competing Risks Event History Analysis in Education Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Scott ◽  
Benjamin B. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Event History ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Delayed Enrollment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expected Outcomes

A set of discrete-time methods for competing risks event history analysis is presented. The approach used is accessible to the practitioner and the article describes the strengths, weaknesses, and interpretation of both exploratory and model-based tools. These techniques are applied to the impact of “nontraditional” enrollment features (working, stopout, and delayed enrollment) on competing outcomes of sub-baccalaureate enrollment (degree attainment, transfer, and dropout). In this setting, model selection, estimation, and comparative inference are discussed and more general guidelines for each stage of analysis are provided. Substantively, the study finds that nontraditional enrollment features are associated with dramatic changes in expected outcomes.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting Dropout Risks of Nontraditional Students: Evidence from U.S. 4-Year Commuter Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-59
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Mary B. Ziskin ◽  
Vasti Torres
Keyword(s):  
Nontraditional Students ◽  
Student Persistence ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Nontraditional Student ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Financial Need

Utilizing event history analysis and multilevel models, this study explored dropout risks for first-time nontraditional students who started at public 4-year commuter institutions across a U.S. Midwest state. The study revealed that (a) the dropout hazard rate remained relatively high across college years and differed by gender, race, and family income; (b) individual characteristics such as socioeconomic backgrounds, academic performance and financial need were significant predictors for dropout, and (c) the differences in dropout were largely attributable to institutional structural and resource differences. These findings have important implications for policies and practices aiming to promote nontraditional student persistence to graduation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Parental Wealth on the Transition to Homeownership in Urban China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Parental Wealth ◽  
Housing Attainment ◽  
The Impact

Nearly 20 years after the commercialization of housing, the intergenerational dimension of housing attainment in China has not been fully explored. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of parental wealth on adult children’s transitions to homeownership. Young people’s transitions from renting to owning are conditional on leaving the parental home, and conversely, the prospect of purchasing a self-owned residence within a short period of time may play a role in the decision about moving out. As successive transitions are perhaps interlinked with each other through people’s anticipation, I combine a bivariate probit selection model with a discrete time event history analysis to jointly model the timing of nest-leaving and home acquisition. Based on four waves of China Family Panel Survey data, I find that offspring of wealthy parents are more likely to become homeowners and tend to do so sooner than others once they become financially independent from the parental household. In the case of urban China, this paper thereby provides evidence that parents’ assets can give offspring a head start in living standards and portfolio build-up during their early adulthood. This paper reveals that housing acquisition is a critical mechanism through which the newly emergent wealth inequality is transmitted across generations in post-socialist China. Additionally, it develops an innovative strategy to address interdependent life course transitions which potentially have broad applications.

Gezondheid en vervroegde uittrede in België

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieve De Lathouwer ◽  
Stijn Lefebure ◽  
Kristel Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Exit Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The impact of health status on early retirement in Belgium The impact of health status on early retirement in Belgium The relation between health condition and early labor market exit plays an important role in the current welfare debate, both from an academic and a policy perspective. This article looks into the relationship between health status and other predictors of early exit on the bases of administrative panel data for Belgium. We model early exit using an event history analysis and a proportional hazard model. We study the impact of health controlling for company, family and individual characteristics. Our findings confirm that a chronic bad health condition is an important trigger for early exit for men and women. The higher exit rates among blue-collar workers in the private sector is to a large extent due to the health condition within these groups. Our results show that the company size, the sector of employment, the wage level and the absence of child load increase early exit. Furthermore partners do tune their early exit behavior.

scholarly journals Professionalization Through Attrition?: An Event History Analysis of Mortalities in Citizen Journalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Larson ◽  
Andrew Micah Lindner
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Event History ◽  
Citizen Journalism ◽  
Community Based ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Journalistic Field

Despite both scholarly and popular claims that citizen journalism (CJ) represents a growing democratizing force in the journalistic field, recent scholarship in the area has noted the decline of the organizational population of CJ. In this paper, we investigate how individual characteristics of sites and the dynamics of larger organizational population affect a CJ site’s risk of experiencing a mortality. Drawing on the largest sample to date of U.S-based English-language CJ sites, this study examines risk of site mortality through an event history framework. Findings indicate that the strongest predictor of a site’s mortality is the age of the site, consistent with organizational population theory’s “liability of newness.” We also find that for-profit and community based-sites have lower rates of site mortality, indicating that adopting legitimate conventions of journalism may serve as a protective buffer to site death. The results offer mixed evidence on whether CJ has become more professionalized via attrition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document